2024届高考英语外刊阅读天天练：阅读理解专题十六（含答案）

高考英语外刊阅读天天练：阅读理解专题十六①Theclimatecrisisposesan“existentialrisk”tothehealthandwellbeingofallchildren,andactionisneededimmediately.Inamajorintervention,DrCamillaKingdonwarnedofthe“graverisk”fromthephysicalandmentaleffectsoftheclimateemergency.Airpollution,extremeweatherandunprecedentedenergycostswerehaving“averyrealanddetrimentaleffect”onmillionsofchildren.Butasacountrywestillhadour“headsinthesand”whenitcametoclimatechange,Kingdonsaid.Multiplestudieshavefoundthatrisingtemperaturesarehavingadevastatingeffectonfoetuses,babiesandchildren.Researchshowsthatinchildren,airpollutioncanstuntlunggrowth,causeasthmaandaffectbloodpressure,cognitiveabilitiesandmentalhealth.“Childrenbreathefaster,sotheyinhalemoreairbornetoxinsinproportiontotheirweight,thanadultsexposedtothesameamountofairpollution.Assuchtheyareespeciallyvulnerabletoairpollution,whichcanleadtoasthmainchildhood,andlifelonghealthissues，”concludedthestudies.Kingdonsaidhealthinequalitymeantsomechildrenwereaffectedmorethanmost.“Climatechangeposesanexistentialrisktothehealthandwellbeingofallchildren.However,thecurrentimpactsofclimatechangearenotexperiencedequally.”Low-incomehouseholdshadlesschoiceinwheretheylived,weremorelikelytoliveindeprivedareasandsowereexposedtoextremeweatherandpoorerairquality,sheadded.TheclimateemergencywasalsoleadingtomoredampandcoldhomesasaresultofincreasesinwinterprecipitationintheUK.Forlow-incomehouseholds,homesmaybetooexpensivetoheattoanadequatetemperature,increasingtheirexposuretocoldandmould.“Everychildisatgraveriskoftheeffectsofourchangingclimate,butnonemoresothanchildreninlower-incomefamilies,”saidKingdon.“Wecannotcontinueonlikethisasacountry,”saidKingdon.“Thereisnosuchthingasthe“righttime”economicallytotackleclimatechange,andindeedthecostofnotreachingnetzeroisfargreater.Wemustactnowandwithourchildreninmind,”saidKingdon.【TheGuardian(October21,2023)】Theunderlinedphrase“hadsb.headsinthesand”canbestbeparaphrasedby______.MakejointeffortsAvoidaddressingtheissuedirectlyTaketimelystepsDemonstrategreatinterestHowdidtheresearchersconductthestudiesinparagraph3?BycitingpreviousstudiesByquotingascientist’swordsBycomparingchildrenandadultsBygoingthroughpapersWhichisnotthereasonwhysomechildrenareaffectedmorethanmost?ClimatechangeonlyposeanexistentialrisktopoorchildrenPoorchildrenaremorelikelytobeexposedtoextremeweatherMoredampandcoldhomesareavailabletopoorchildrenLow-incomefamiliescan’thaveanadequatetemperatureinwinterHowdidKingdonfeeltowardstheUKgovernmentinclimatechangeissues?gratefulPuzzledGratifiedDiscontent②OneoftheexecutivesinvitedtoRishiSunak’sinternationalAIsafetysummitnextmonthhaswarnedthattheconferencerisksachievingverylittle,accusingpowerfultechcompaniesofattemptingto“capture”thelandmarkmeeting.ConnorLeahy,thechiefexecutiveoftheAIsafetyresearchcompanyConjecture,saidhebelievedheadsofgovernmentwerepoisedtoagreeastyleofregulationthatwouldallowcompaniestocontinuedeveloping“god-like”AIalmostunchecked.Leahyisoneofjust100peoplewhohavebeeninvitedtoNovember’ssummitatBletchleyPark,whichDowningStreetishopingwillmarkaturningpointinhowadvancedAItechnologyisdeveloped.Officialshavepublishedanagendaforthesummitthattalksabouttheimportanceof“responsiblecapabilityscaling”–theideathatcompaniesshoulddeveloptheircutting-edgemodelsaccordingtoasetofguidelines.HoweverLeahyandothersbelievethatthereshouldbeacompletemoratoriumondevelopingartificialgeneralintelligence–AImodelsthatcanaccomplishtasksatahumanorbeyond-humanlevelofintelligence.Leahysaid:“Theaimofresponsiblescalingistoprovideaframeworkwhichlookslikesomethingwasdonesothatpoliticianscangohomeandsay:‘Wehavedonesomething.’Buttheactualpolicyisnothing.”Leahy’scommentsechorecentwarningsfromothersintheworldofAI.GeoffreyHinton,themanknownasthe“godfatherofAI”,recentlyquitGoogletosoundawarningaboutthe“existentialrisk”posedbydigitalintelligence.Weekslater,agroupofseniorexecutivesfromtheAIindustryreleasedastatementsaying:“MitigatingtheriskofextinctionfromAIshouldbeaglobalpriority...”WarningssuchasthispromptedSunaktocallthesummit,tobeheldfrom1-2

November.Itisdesignedtoactasaforumforheadsofstateandtechnologyexecutives.Britishofficialshavebeentouringtheglobeencouragingheadsofstatetoattendtheconference,whichtheyhopewillbethefirstinaseries.【TheGuardian(October21,2023)】1.What’sthegovernment’spurposetoholdtheAIsummit?A.TocondemnpowerfultechcompaniesB.Toallowcompaniestodevelopa“god-like”AIC.ToorganizealandmarkmeetingtidiscussthefutureofAID.TiinvitefamousAIscientiststoDowningStreet2.whatdoestheunderlinedword“moratorium”probablymean?A.StopB.discussionC.responsibilityD.occupation3.whatwillGeoffreyHintonagreewithaccordingtothepassage?A.Itisnousesettingup“responsiblecapabilityscaling”B.PoliticianshavedonesomeactuallyusefulpoliciesC.PowerfultechcompaniesshouldmitigatetheriskofhumanextinctionD.ItisurgenttoceasedevelopingAIforhumanexistence4.what’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.CanhumanbeingsescapefromthreateningAI?B.AIsummitcouldleadto‘aracetodisaster’C.AIsummitisonthewayinUKD.Techcompaniesputregulationsintoeffect③ItwassomethingratherirregularatanotherwiseregularboardofappealsmeetinginMaine.Aresidentwantedanexemptionfromtheno-chickenrule.Butthiswasn’tjustanyresident.ItwasC-JayMartin,25,whoisblindandhasepilepsyandautism.ChickensarewhatbroughtC-Jayjoydespitehischallenges.“Havingsomethingtosharewithotherpeoplewasimportanttohim,”saidhismother,AmyMartin.ButBangorisnotOKwithchickens.Infact,cityordinancesexplicitlyprohibitresidentsfromkeeping“fowl,goats,sheep,cattleorswineofanykind.”SowouldthestaidNewEnglandboroughof31,000makeanexceptionforC-Jayandhisemotionalsupporthens?ItwaswithhighhopesthatMartinheadedtotheotherwisemundanemunicipalmeetingearlierthismonth.ShetoldtheappealsboardshegotthechickensinAprilafterresearchingtheFairHousingAct,whichprohibitsdiscriminationinhousingbylandlordsormunicipalities,andfindingitmightallowhersonanaccommodation.ShewasjoinedbyneighborsandcommunitymemberswhoshoweduptosupportC-Jayandhischickens.OnenotedC-Jayregularlyassumestheresponsibilityoffeedingthechickens,despitehisdisabilities.AnothersaidtheircooingandsoftnoisesareclearlyacomforttoC-Jay.OtherssaidMartinandC-Jaykeepthechickens’areaintheiryardveryclean.Buttherewassomepeckish-ness,sotospeak.Someraisedconcernsaboutwhetherthepresenceofthechickenscouldattractrodents,anddidn’twantanexceptionforC-Jaytoopenthedoorforotherstokeepbannedanimals.Cityofficials,seemingtosidewithC-Jayandhisflock,assuredattendeesthatnoincreasedrodentactivitywouldnotbetoleratedandanylivestockexemptionwouldonlyapplytoC-JayMartinathishouse.Intheend,itwasaunanimousvote:theappealsboardruledthatC-Jayhadaneedforthechickens.Hewouldbeallowedtokeepthem,althoughlimitsonthenumberwereimposed,andnoisyroostersprohibited.Martinsaidhersonisrelievedhisbelovedchickenswillstay.“Whenhe’ssittingoutsidelisteningtoanaudiobook,orjusthangingoutinthebackyardthesunshining,healwaysknowswheretheyarebecausehecanhearthem,”shesaid.“He’sneverr