SAT真题汇编：201810北美及答案

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SAT®October6,2018America

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2

Questions1-10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ThispassageisadaptedfromMaryHelenStefaniak,TheCailiffsofBaghdad,Georgia.Originallypublishedin2010.

MissGraceSpiveyarrivedinThreestep,Georgia,inAugust1938.Shesteppedoffthetrainwearingapairofthick-soledbootssuitableforhiking,anavyblue

Linedress,andalittlewhitetamthatrodethewavesofher

5redhairatagravity-defyingangle.AugustwasahellishmonthtostepoffthetraininGeorgia,althoughitwasnothing,shesaid,comparedtothe119degreesthatgreetedherwhenshearrivedonetimeinTimbuktu,which,sheassuredus,wasarealplacein

10Africa.Ibelieveherremarkirritatedsomeofthepeoplegatheredtowelcomeherontheburnedgrassalongsidethetracks.Whenfolksaresweatingthroughtheirshorts,theydon’tliketohearthatthisisnothingcomparedtosomeplaceelse.Irritatedornot,the

15majorityofthosepresentwereinclinedtoseethearrivalofthenewschoolteacherinapositivelight.Hardtimeswerestilluponusin1938,but,likemymommasaid,“Weweren’tnopoorerthanwe’deverbeen,”andthecitizensofThreestepwereinthemood

20foralittleexcitement.

MissSpiveylookedlikejusttherightpersontogiveittothem.Shewas,byalmostanyone’sstandards,a

EastandAfricawithafriendofhergrandmother’s,oneJanetMiller,whowasamedicaldoctorfrom

30Nashville,Tennessee.AfterhertravelswithDr.Miller,MissSpiveycontinuedhereducationbyattendingBarnardCollegeinNewYorkCity.Shetoldusallthatatschoolthefirstday.WhenmylittlebrotherRalphordaskedwhatdidshestudyatBarnyard

35College,MissSpiveyexplainedthatBarnard,whichshewroteontheblackboard,wasthesisterschoolofColumbiaUniversity,ofwhich,sheexpected,weallhadheard.

Itwasthere,shetoldus,inthemidstoftryingto40findhertruemissioninlife,thatshewanderedoneafternoonintoalecturebythefamousJohnDewey,whowastalkingabouthisfamousbook,DemocracyandEducation.ProfessorDeweywasinhisseventies

bythen,MissSpiveysaid,buthestilllikedtochatwith

45studentsafteralecture—especiallyfemalestudents,sheadded—sometimesovercoffee,andseeintheireyesthefirehiswordscouldkindle.ItwasafterthislectureandsubsequentcoffeethatMissSpiveyhadmarchedtotheTeacher’sCollegeandsignedup,all

50aflame.Twoyearslater,shetoldacheeryblue-suitedwomanfromtheWPAthatshewantedtobringdemocracyandeducationtothepoorest,darkest,mostremoteandforgottencornerofAmerica.

TheysenthertoThreestep,Georgia.

womanoftheworld.She’dgonetoboardingschoolssinceshewassixyearsold;she’dstudiedFrenchin

25ParisanddramainLondon;andduringwhatshecalleda“fruitfulintermission”inherformaleducation,shehadtraveledextensivelyintheNear

55 MissSpiveypausedthereforquestions,avoidingmybrotherRalphord’seye.

Whatwereallywantedtoknowabout—alltwenty-sixofusacrosssevengradelevelsintheoneroom—wasthepearlywhitebuttonhangingona

60stringinfrontoftheblackboardbehindtheteacher’sdeskupfront.Thatbuttononastringwassomethingnew.WhenMavisDavis(theonlybonafideseventhgrader,atagethirteen)askedwhatitwasfor,MissSpiveygavethestringatug,andtoourastonishment,

65thewholeworld—oratleastawrinkledmapofit—unfoldedbeforeoureyes.Herpredecessor,MissChandler,hadneveroncemadeuseofthatmap,whichwasolderthanourfathers,anduntilthatmoment,notaoneofusknewitwasthere.

1

Thenarratorofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas

oneofMissSpivey'sformerstudents.

MissSpivey'spredecessor.

ananonymousmemberofthecommunity.

MissSpiveyherself.

70 MissSpiveyshowedusonthemaphowsheandDr.JanetMillerhadsailedacrosstheAtlanticOceanandpasttheRockofGibraltarintotheMediterraneanSea.Usingtheendofaruler,shegentlytappedsuchplacesasMoroccoandTunisand

75AlgierstomarktheirroutealongthetopofAfrica.

TheyspenttwentyhoursonthetraintoBaghdad,shesaid,swathedinveilsagainstthesandthatcreptineverycrackandcrevice.

“Andcanyouguesswhatwesawfromthetrain?”

80MissSpiveyasked.Wecouldnot.“Camels!”shesaid.“Wesawawholecaravanofcamels.”Shelookedaroundtheroom,waitingforustobeamazedanddelightedatthethought.

2

Inthepassage,Threestepismainlypresentedasa

summerretreatforvacationers.

Smallruraltown.

townthatishometoaprominentuniversity.

comfortablesuburb.

3

ItcanreasonablybeinferredfromthepassagethatsomeofthepeopleatthetrainstationregardMissSpivey'scommentabouttheGeorgiaheat

Weallhungthereforaminute,thinkinghard,

85untilMavisDavisspokeup.

“ShemeanslikethethreekingsrodetoBethlehem,”Mavissaid,andshefoldedherhandssmuglyonherseventh-gradedeskinthebackoftheroom.

90 MissSpiveymadeamistakerightthen.InsteadofbeaminguponMavisthekindofcongratulatorysmilethatoldMissChandlerwouldhavebestowedonherforhavingenlightenedtherestofus,MissSpiveysimplysaid,“That’sright.”

with

sympathy,becausetheyassumethatsheisexperiencingintenseheatforthefirsttime.

disappointment,becausetheydoubtthatshewillstayinThreestepforverylong.

embarrassment,becausetheyimaginethatsheissuperiortothem.

resentment,becausetheyfeelthatsheisminimizingtheirdiscomfort.

4

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

lines2-5("Shestepped...angle")

lines10-14("Ibelieve...else")

lines14-20("Irritated...excitement")

lines23-25("She'dgone...London")

5

8

MissSpiveymostlikelyusesthephrase"fruitfulintermission"(line26)toindicatethat

shebenefitedfromtakingtimeofffromherstudiesinordertotravel.

hertravelswithJanetMillerencouragedhertostartmedicalschool.

herearlyyearsatboardingschoolresultedinunanticipatedrewards.

whatshethoughtwouldbeashortbreakfromschoollastedseveralyears.

6

TheinteractionbetweenMissSpiveyandRalphordservesmainlyto

suggestthatMissSpiveyhasanexaggeratedviewofwhatinformationshouldbeconsideredcommonknowledge.

establishafriendlydynamicbetweenthecharmingschoolchildrenandtheirindulgentanddotingnewinstructor.

introduceRalphordasaprecociousyoungstudentandMissSpiveyasadismissiveanddisinterestedteacher.

demonstratethatthechildrenwanttoamuseMissSpiveywiththeirquestions.

7

Inthethirdparagraph,whatisthenarratormostlikelysuggestingbydescribingMissSpiveyashaving"wandered"(line34)inonesituationand"marched"(line41)inanothersituation?

Dewey,knowingMissSpiveywasn'tveryconfidentinherabilitytoteach,instilledinherasenseofdetermination.

TalkingwithDeweyovercoffeemadeMissSpiveyrealizehowexcitedshewastoteachinthepoorest,mostremotecornerofAmerica.

Aftertwoyearsspentstudying,MissSpiveywasanxioustostartteachingandbeinchargeofherownclassroom.

MissSpivey'sinitialencounterwithDeweysideaswassomewhataccidentalbutultimatelymotivatedhertodecisiveaction.

Accordingtothepassage,MissSpiveyendedupinThreestepasadirectresultof

herfriendshipwithJanetMiller.

attendingcollegeinNewYorkCity.

talkingwithawomanattheWPA.

MissChandler'sretirementfromteaching.

9

Inthepassage,whenMissSpiveyannouncesthatshehadseencamels,thestudents'reactionsuggeststhattheyare

delighted.

fascinated.

baffled.

worried

10

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

lines81-83("Shelooked...thought")

lines84-85("Weall...up")

lines86-89("Shemeans...room")

lines90-94("Instead...right")

Questions11-21arebasedonthefollowingpassageandsupplementarymaterial.

ThispassageandaccompanyingfiguresareadaptedfromDavidOven,Theconundrum.

Buildinggoodtransitisn’tabadidea,butitcanactuallybackfireifthenewtrainsandbusesmerelyclearspaceonhighwaylanesforthosewhowould

Lineprefertodrive—agroupthat,historically,hasincluded

5almosteveryonewithaccesstoacar.Tohaveenvironmentalvalue,newtransithastoreplaceandeliminatedrivingonascalesufficienttocutenergyconsumptionoverall.Thatmeansthatanewtransitsystemhastobebackedupbysomethingthatimpels

10complementaryreductionsincaruse—say,thephysicaleliminationoftrafficlanesortheconversionofexistingroadwaysintobikeorbuslanes,ideallyincombinationwithhigherfueltaxes,parkingfees,and

theirtraveltimewon’tchange.Thisishowmetropolitanareasmetastasize.It’sthehistoryofsuburbanexpansion.

Trafficcongestionisn’tanenvironmentalproblem;

50trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesreducescongestiononlytemporarily,becausethenewlanes

55fosteradditionaldriving—aphenomenoncalledinducedtraffic.Wideningroadsmakestrafficmovefasterintheshortterm,buttheimprovedconditionseventuallyattractadditionaldriversandenticecurrentdriverstodrivemore,andcongestionreappears,but

60withmorecars—andthatgetspeoplethinkingaboutwideningroadsagain.Movingdriversoutofcarsandintootherformsoftransportationcanhavethesameeffect,ifexistingtrafficlanesarekeptinservice:roadspacebegetsroaduse....

tolls.Needlesstosay,thoseideasarenotpopular.But

15they’renecessary,becauseyoucan’tmakepeopledriveless,inthelongrun,bytakingstepsthatmakedrivingmorepleasant,economical,andproductive.

Oneofthefewforceswithaprovenabilitytoslow

65 Oneoftheargumentsthatcitiesinevitablymakeinpromotingtransitplansisthatthenewsystem,byrelievingautomobilecongestion,willimprovethelivesofthosewhocontinuetodrive.Nooneeverpromotesatransitschemebyarguingthatitwouldmake

thegrowthofsuburbansprawlhasbeentheultimately

20finitetoleranceofcommutersforlong,annoyingcommutes.Thattolerancehasgrowninrecentdecades,andnotjustintheUnitedStates,butitisn’tunlimited,andevenpeoplewhodon’tseemtomindspendinghalftheirdayinacareventuallyreacha

25pointwhere,finally,enoughisenough.Thatmeansthattrafficcongestioncanhaveenvironmentalvalue,sinceitlengthenscommutingtimesand,bydoingso,discouragestheproliferationofstillmore

energy-hungrysubdivisions—unlesswemadethe

30congestiongoaway.If,inamisguidedefforttodosomethingofenvironmentalvalue,municipalitiestakestepsthatmakelong-distancecarcommutingfasterormoreconvenient—byaddinglanes,buildingbypasses,employingtraffic-controlmeasuresthatmakeit

35possibleforexistingroadstoaccommodatemorecarswithfewerdelays,replacingtollboothswith

radio-basedsystemsthatdon’trequiredriverseventoslowdown—weactuallymakethesprawlproblemworse,byindirectlyencouragingpeopletolivestill

40fartherfromtheirjobs,stores,schools,anddoctors’offices,andbyforcingmunicipalitiestofurtherextendroadnetworks,powergrids,waterlines,andothercivicinfrastructure.Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwayto

45workcanjustifymovingfivemilesfartherout,because

70travelinglessconvenient—eventhough,fromanenvironmentalperspective,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.

Figure1

EffectofRouteCapacityReductioninSelectedRegions

Region

Vehiclesperdayonalteredroad

Vehiclesperdayonsurroundingroads

Changeintraffic

Beforealternation

Afteralternation

Beforealternation

Afteralternation

Rathausplatz,Nürnberg

24,584

0

67,284

55,824

-146.6%

Southamptoncitycenter

5,316

3,081

26,522

24,101

-87.5%

TowerBridge,London

44,242

0

103,262

111,999

-80.3%

NewYorkhighway

110,000

50,000

540,000

560,000

-36.4%

KinnairdBridge,Edmonton

1,300

0

2,130

2,885

-41.9%

*Changeinregionaltrafficinproportiontotrafficpreviouslyusingthealteredroad

Figure2

11

15

Themainpurposeofthepassageisto

providesupportfortheclaimthateffortstoreducetrafficactuallyincreasetraffic.

disputethewidelyheldbeliefthatbuildingandimprovingmasstransitsystemsisgoodfortheenvironment.

discussthenegativeenvironmentalconsequencesofcar-focuseddevelopmentandsuburbansprawl.

arguethatonewaytoreducethenegativeenvironmentaleffectsoftrafficistomakedrivinglessagreeable.

Basedonthepassage,howwouldtheauthormostlikelycharacterizemanyattemptstoimprovetraffic?

Theyaredoomedtofailbecausemostpeoplelikedrivingtoomuchtochangetheirhabits.

Theyoverestimatehowtolerantpeopleareoflongcommutes.

Theyarewellintentionedbutultimatelyleadtoenvironmentalharm.

Theywillonlyworkiftheymakedrivingmoreeconomicalandproductive.

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12

Whichchoicebestsupportstheideathattheauthorassumesthat,allthingsbeingequal,peoplewouldratherdrivethantakemasstransit?

lines1-5("Building...car")

lines5-8("Tohave...overall")

lines14-17("Butthey're...productive")

lines18-21("One...commutes")

13

Asusedinline9,"backedup"mostnearlymeans

supported.

copied.

substituted.

jammed.

14

Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorconcedesthathisrecommendationsare

costlytoimplement.

notwidelysupported.

stronglyopposedbyexperts.

environmentallyharmfulintheshortterm.

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

lines8-14("That...tolls")

lines21-25("That...enough")

lines30-39("If,in...worse")

lines61-64("Moving...use")

17

Accordingtothepassage,reducingcommutingtimefordriverscanhavewhichofthefollowingeffects?

Driversbecomemoreproductiveemployeesthantheypreviouslywere.

Masstransitgetsextendedfartherintosuburbanareasthanitpreviouslywas.

Masstransitcarriesfewerpassengersandreceiveslessgovernmentfundingthanitpreviouslydid.

Driversbecomemorewillingtolivefartherfromtheirplacesofemploymentthantheypreviouslywere.

18

Asusedinline68,"promotes"mostnearlymeans

upgrades.

serves.

advocates.

develops.

19

Accordingtofigure1,howmanyvehiclestraveledonthealteredroadthroughtheSouthamptoncitycenterperdaybeforetheroutewasaltered?

A) 3,081

B) 5,316

C) 24,101

D)26,522

20

Dothedatainfigure1supportorweakentheargumentoftheauthorofthepassage,andwhy?

Support,becausethedatashowthatmerelymovingdriversoutofcarscaninducetraffic.

Support,becausethedatashowthatreducingroadcapacitycanleadtoanetreductionintraffic.

Weaken,becausethedatashowthatinsomecasesroadalterationsleadtogreatertrafficonsurroundingroads.

Weaken,becausethedatashowthattrafficreductionsduetoroadalterationstendtobebrief.

21

Basedonfigure2,theengineerssurveyedweremostskepticaloftheideathatintheeventofareallocationofroadspace,driverswouldchange

whentheytravel.

theirmeansoftraveling.

howoftentheymakeajourney.

theirdrivingstyle.

Questions22-32arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ThispassageisadaptedfromSabrinaRichards,"PleasanttotheTouch"©2012byTheScientist

Intheearly1990s,textbooksacknowledgedthathumanshadslow-conductingnerves,butassertedthatthosenervesonlyrespondedtotwotypesofstimuli:

Linepainandtemperature.Sensationsofpressureand

5vibrationwerebelievedtotravelonlyalongmyelinated,fast-signalingnervefibers,whichalsogiveinformationaboutlocation.Experimentsblockingnervefiberssupportedthisnotion.Preventingfastfibersfromfiring(eitherbyclampingtherelevant

10nerveorbyinjectingthelocalanestheticlidocaine)seemedtoeliminatethesensationofpressurealtogether,butblockingslowfibersonlyseemedtoreducesensitivitytowarmthorasmallpainfulshock.

HåkanOlaussonandhisGothenburgUniversity

15colleaguesÅkeVallboandJohanWessbergwonderedifslowfibersresponsivetogentlepressuremightbeactiveinhumansaswellasinothermammals.In1993,theycorralled28youngvolunteersandrecordednervesignalswhilegentlybrushingthesubjects’arms

20withtheirfingertips.Usingatechniquecalledmicroneurography,inwhichafinefilamentisinsertedintoasinglenervetocaptureitselectricalimpulses,thescientistswereabletomeasurehowquickly—orslowly—thenervesfired.Theyshowedthatsoft

25strokingpromptedtwodifferentsignals,oneimmediateandonedelayed.Thedelay,Olaussonexplains,meansthatthesignalfromagentletouchontheforearmwillreachthebrainaboutahalfsecond

humanskin—suchastheforearmandthigh.Noamountofgentlestrokingofhairlessskin,suchasthepalmsandsolesofthefeet,promptedsimilaractivitysignatures.Olaussonandhiscolleaguesdecidedthat

50thesefibersmustbeconveyingadifferentdimensionofsensoryinformationthanfast-conductingfibers.

Althoughmicroneurographycangiveinformationabouthowasinglenerverespondstogentlebrushingandpressure,itcannotteaseoutwhataspectof

55sensationthatfiberrelays,saysOlausson.Hewantedtoknowifthatsameslownervecandistinguishwherethe

thedifferencebetweenagoat-hairbrushandafeather.Mostimportantly,couldthatsamefiberconveya

60pleasantsensation?

Toaddressthequestion,Olausson’sgroupsoughtoutapatientknownasG.L.whohadanunusualnervedefect.Morethan2decadesearlier,shehaddevelopednumbnessacrossmanypartsofherbodyaftertaking

65penicillintotreatacoughandfever.Testingshowedthatshehadlostresponsivenesstopressure,andanervebiopsyconfirmedthatG.L.’squick-conductingfibersweregone,resultinginaninabilitytosenseanypokes,prods,orpinpricksbelowhernose.Butshe

70couldstillsensewarmth,suggestingthather

slow-conductingunmyelinatedfiberswereintact.

UponrecruitingG.L.,Olaussontestedherbybrushingherarmgentlyatthespeedofbetween2–10centimeterspersecond.Shehadmoretrouble

75distinguishingthedirectionorpressureofthebrushstrokesthanmostsubjects,butreportedfeelingapleasantsensation.Whentheresearcherstriedbrushingherpalm,whereCTfibersarenotfound,shefeltnothing....

later.Thisdelayidentifiednerveimpulsestravelingat

30speedscharacteristicofslow,unmyelinatedfibers—about1meter/second—confirmingthepresenceofthesefibersinhumanhairyskin.(Incontrast,fast-conductingfibers,alreadyknownto

80 OlaussonusedfunctionalMRIstudiestoexaminewhichareasofthebrainlitupwhenG.L.’sarmwasgentlybrushedtoactivateCTfibers.Innormalsubjects,boththesomatosensoryandinsularcorticeswereactivated,butonlytheinsularcortex[which

respondtotouch,signalataratebetween35and75

35m/s.)

Then,in1999,thegrouplookedmorecloselyatthecharacteristicsoftheslowfibers.Theynamedthese“low-threshold”nerves“C-tactile,”orCT,fibers,saidOlausson,becauseoftheir“exquisitesensitivity”to

40slow,gentletactilestimulation,butunresponsivenesstonoxiousstimulilikepinpricks.

Butwhyexactlyhumansmighthavesuchfibers,whichrespondonlytoanarrowrangeofrathersubtlestimuli,wasinitiallymystifying.Unlikeothertypesof

45sensorynerves,CTfiberscouldbefoundonlyinhairy

85processesemotion]wasactivewhenresearchersbrushedG.L.’sarm.ThissolidifiedthenotionthatCTfibersconveyamoreemotionalqualityoftouch,ratherthantheconsciousaspectthathelpsusdescribewhatwearesensing.CTfibers,itseemed,specifically

90providepleasurablesensations.

22

26

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Basedonthepassage,textbookauthorsintheearly1990swouldmostlikelyhaveexpectedwhichconditiontoresultfromtheblockingoffastfibers?

Therateatwhichothernervefibersfiredwouldincrease

Thetestsubjectwouldperceivegentlestimuliaspainful.

Thebodywouldcompensatebyusingslowfiberstosensepressure.

Theabilitytoperceivevibrationswouldbeimpaired.

WhichconclusionisbestsupportedbythefindingsofOlausson's1993experiment?

Stimulationatbodilyextremitiescanbesensedasrapidlyasstimulationclosertothebrain.

Thepresenceofhairsinhumanskinlessensthespeedwithwhichnervesconductsignals.

Gentlepressureissensednotonlybyfastfibersbutalsobyslowfibers.

Thespeedatwhichanervefiresisdependentonthestrengthofpressureappliedtothenerve.

23

27

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

lines1-4("Inthe...temperature")

lines4-7("Sensations...location")

lines7-13(blocking...shock")

lines32-35("Incontrast...75m/s")

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

lines20-24("Using...fired")

lines24-26("They...delayed")

lines26-29("Thedelay...later")

lines36-37("Then...fibers")

24

28

Asusedinline17,"active"mostnearlymeans

present.

attentive.

movable.

restless.

25

Asusedinline22,"capture"mostnearlymeans

occupy.

seize.

record.

influence.

Thesentenceinlines42-44(But...mystifying")servesmainlyto

identifyfactorsthatOlaussonhadpreviouslyfailedtoconsider.

proposeasolutiontoadilemmaencounteredbyOlausson.

anticipateapotentialcriticismofOlaussonbythereader.

showaproblemfromtheperspectiveofOlausson'steam.

29

32

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11

Itcanreasonablybeinferredthatoneoftheintendedgoalsofthe1999experimentwastodeterminethe

precisenatureofsensationsthatCTfiberscanconvey.

relationshipbetweenbodyhairandCTfiberfunction

roleplayedbyCTfibersintheperceptionofpain.

effectofmicroneurographyonCTfibersignaling

Accordingtothepassage,humansexperienceanemotionalaspectoftouchwhen

braincorticesareshieldedfromnervesignals.

CTfibersareexposedtoastimulus.

nervefibersthatsensepainaresuppressed.

consciousaspectsofsensationareignored.

30

Themainpurposeofthesixthparagraph(lines61-72)isto

identifythoseofGL'sneurologicalconditionsthatmightberelievedbytheexperiment.

contextualizethenervefunctionofGL.bycomparingitwiththatofotheradults.

detailproceduresthatG.L.hadexperiencedduringpreviousexperiments.

indicatewhyG.L'smedicalconditionwasofvaluetoOlausson'sexperiment.

31

Accordingtothepassage,GL.differedfromOlausson'sothertestsubjectsintermsofthe

numberofcorticesactivatedinthebrainduringgentlebrushing.

physicaldimensionsofthesomatosensorycortex

intensityofnervesignalsrequiredtoactivatetheinsularcortex.

effectofMRIscanningonthebasicfunctionofbraincortices.

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Questions33-42arebasedonthefollowingpassages.

Passage1isadaptedfromaspeechdeliveredin1898byAlbertJ.Beveridge,"MarchOfTheFlag"Passage2isadaptedfromaspeechdeliveredin1900byWilliamJenningsBryan,"TheParalyzingInfluenceofImperialism".

Passage1

Fellow-Citizens:ItisanoblelandthatGodhasgivenus;alandthatcanfeedandclothetheworld;alandwhosecoastlineswouldenclosehalfthecountries

LineofEurope;alandsetlikeasentinelbetweenthetwo

5imperialoceansoftheglobe;agreaterEnglandwithanoblerdestiny.ItisamightypeoplethatHehasplantedonthissoil;apeoplesprungfromthemostmasterfulbloodofhistory;apeopleperpetuallyrevitalizedbythevirile...working-folkofallthe

10earth;apeopleimperialbyvirtueoftheirpower,byrightoftheirinstitutions,byauthorityoftheir

heaven-directedpurposes—thepropagandistsandnotthemisersofliberty.ItisaglorioushistoryourGodhasbestoweduponHischosenpeople;ahistorywhose

15keynotewasstruckbyLibertyBell;ahistoryheroicwithfaithinourmissionandourfuture;ahistoryofstatesmen,whoflungtheboundariesoftheRepublicoutintounexploredlands...ahistoryofsoldiers,whocarriedtheflagacrossblazingdesertsandthroughthe

20ranksofhostilemountains,eventothegatesofsunset;ahistoryofamultiplyingpeople,whooverranacontinentinhalfacentury...ahistorydivinelylogical,intheprocessofwhosetremendousreasoningwefindourselvesto-day....

Passage2

40 IfitisrightfortheUnitedStatestoholdthePhilippineIslandspermanentlyandimitateEuropeanempiresinthegovernmentofcolonies,theRepublicanpartyoughttostateitspositionanddefendit,butitmustexpectthesubjectracesto

45protestagainstsuchapolicyandtoresisttotheextentoftheirability.

TheFilipinosdonotneedanyencouragementfromAmericansnowliving.OurwholehistoryhasbeenanencouragementnotonlytotheFilipinos,but

50toallwhoaredeniedavoiceintheirowngovernment.IftheRepublicansarepreparedtocensureallwhohaveusedlanguagecalculatedtomaketheFilipinoshateforeigndomination,letthemcondemnthespeechofPatrickHenry.Whenhe

55utteredthatpassionateappeal,“Givemelibertyorgivemedeath,”heexprestasentimentwhichstillechoesintheheartsofmen.

LetthemcensureJefferson;ofallthestatesmenofhistorynonehaveusedwordssooffensivetothose

60whowouldholdtheirfellowsinpoliticalbondage.

LetthemcensureWashington,whodeclaredthatthecolonistsmustchoosebetweenlibertyandslavery.

Or,ifthestatuteoflimitationshasrunagainstthesinsofHenryandJeffersonandWashington,let

65themcensureLincoln,whoseGettysburgspeechwillbequotedindefenseofpopulargovernmentwhenthepresentadvocatesofforceandconquest