考研《英语一》2023年海北藏族自治州刚察县考前冲刺试题含解析

考研《英语一》2023年海北藏族自治州刚察县考前冲刺试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Surfing:It'sNotJustforBoysAnymore

Ifyouaskedhighschoolgirlstonametheirfavoritesports,mostwouldprobablysaybasketballorvolleyball.Ihappento

beoneofthefewgirlswhowould1:surfing.Butisn'tthataboything?Somepeople2.Mostcertainlynot.

Istartedsurfingaboutfiveyearsagoand3inlovewiththesportontheveryfirstday.Ridingthatfirst4

wasthebestfeelingIhadeverexperienced.

WhenItryto5surfingwithotherthings,Ifinditverydifficultbecause,inmy6,there'snothinglikeit.It

involvesbody,7,andsoul.There'ssandbetweenmytoesandcool,saltwaterall8us.ThefeelingIgetwhen

I'msurfingacrossthat9,becomingonewiththe10,islikeI'mweightless.

TheonethingIcan11fromsurfingandnotanyothersportisendlesschallenge.Youcanneverbethe"best

surfer"becausetheocean12anuncountablevarietyofwavesthatnobodycanevermaster.Thevariationsofsurfingstylesarewonderful.Somesurfersarefreeandlowing;othersareveryaggressive(活跃有力的)and13.Allofthese

thingsattractmetosurfingandmakeit14fromanyothersport.

I've15totelleverygirlIknowtodosomethingthatpeopledon'tthinkgirlscando.It'spartofbeinghumantoadvancetonew16soshouldn'titbeexpectedthatgirlsshouldstepupandstart17thelimitsofthingsboys

andmenusedtodominate(主宰)?

There'rewomen18sidebysidewiththePresidentofourcountry,sowhynotsidebysidewiththeboys19

orout

thefootballteam

1、A.tell

2、A.wonder

3、A.stayed

4、A.wave

5、A.bring

6、A.work

7、A.mind

8、A.along

9、A.beach

10、A.sky

inthewatersurfing?Givegirlsachance

B.answer

B.understand

B.came

B.storm

B.connect

B.study

B.effort

B.above

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D.realize

D.believe

D.fell

D.boat

D.tie

D.life

D.time

D.by

D.lake

D.ocean

11、A.

12、A.

13、A.

14、A.

15、A.

16、A.

17、A.

18、A.

19、A.

20、A.

take

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think

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Section

make

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IIReading

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Comprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Itisnotonlypraiseorpunishmentthatdeterminesachild'slevelofconfidence.Therearesomeotherimportant

waysweshapeourkids—particularlybygivinginstructionsandcommandsinanegativeorpositivechoiceofwords.For

example,wecansaytoachild"Don'trunintotraffic!"or"Stayonthefootpathclosetome."Inusingthelatter,youwillbe

helpingyourkidstothinkandactpositively,andtofeelcompetentinawiderangeofsituation,becausetheyknowwhattodo,

andaren'tscaringthemselvesaboutwhatnottodo.

Actually,itisallinthewaythehumanmindworks.Whatwethink,weautomaticallyrehearse.Forexample,ifsomeoneofferedyouamilliondollarsnottothinkofabluemonkeyfortwominutes,youwouldn'tbeabletodoit.Whenachildistold

"Don'tfalloffthetree,"hewillthinkoftwothings:“don't"and"falloffthetree".Thatis,hewillautomaticallycreatethe

pictureoffallingoffthetreeinhismind.Achildwhoisvividlyimaginingfallingoffthetreeismuchmorelikelytofalloff.So

itisfarbettertouse"Holdontothetreecarefully."

Clearly,positiveinstructionshelpkidstounderstandtherightwaytodothings.Kidsdonotalwaysknowhowtobesafe,orhowtoreacttothewarningofthedangerinnegativewords.Soparentsshouldmaketheircommandspositive."Sam,holdonfirmtothesideoftheboat"ismuchmoreusefulthan"Don'tyoudaretofalloutoftheboat?"orworsestill"Howdoyouthink

I'llfeelifyoudrown?"Thechangesaresmallbutdifferenceisobvious.

Childrenlearnhowtoguideandorganizethemselvesfromthewayweguidethemwithourwords,soitpaystobe

positive.

1、Positivechoiceofwordshelpskidsto

A.dothingscarefullyB.learnindifferentsituations

C.improvetheirimaginationD.builduptheirconfidence

2、WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?

A.Onecan'thelpimaginingwhatisheard.

B.Achildwillactonwhatisinstructed.

C.Achildwillfalloffthetreewhentoldnotto.

D.Onewon'tthinkofabluemonkeywhengivenmoney.

3、Whichofthefollowingcommandshelpskidstobesafe?

A.Fastenyourseatbelt.

B.Don'tplaybythelake.

C.HowdoyouthinkI'llfeelifyougethurt?

D.Don'tyoudaretowalkthroughtheredlight?

4、Themainideaofthepassageisthat

A.praisemakeskidsconfidentB.rightinstructionskeepkidssafe

C.positiveinstructionsguidekidsD.clearcommandsmakekidsdifferent

Text2

Agoodbookisindeedthebestfriendofaperson.Thesamegoesforhigh-profileCEOsofworldrecognized

companiesaswell.Let'shavealookatthefavoritebooksofsomeoftheworld-famousCEOs.

AppleCEO—TimCook,CompetingagainstTimebyGeorgeStalkJr.andThomasM.Hout

Thisbookisbasedon10yearsofvaluableresearchdonebytheauthors.Ittalksabouthownewconceptsofmanaging

timeinnewproductdevelopment,productionandsalesprovidecompanieswiththeadvantagestosucceedinthishighly

competitiveworld.

MicrosoftCEO(Former)—BillGates,TheCatcherintheRyebyJ.D.Salinger

Afewthemesexploredinthenovelarerebellion(叛逆),anxietyandconfusion.Ittellsthatyoungpeoplearealittle

confused,butcanbesmartaboutthingsandseethingsthatadultsdon'treallysee.Gatessaid,"Ididn'tactuallyreadThe

CatcherintheRyeuntilIwas13,andeversincethenI'vesaidthat'smyfavoritebook."

OracleCEO—LarryEllison,NapoleonbyVincentCronin

ThisbookisconsideredbyfarthebestbiographyeverwrittenonNapoleonBonaparte.Ellisonsaid,"It'sinteresting

toreadabouthimforacoupleofreasons:toseewhatanordinarymancandowithhislifeandtoseehowhistorycandistort

(歪曲)thetruthentirely."

OWECEO—OprahWinfrey,ToKillaMockingbirdbyHarperLee

Thisbooktalksabouthowalittlegirlobservesthepeoplearoundher.Winfreysaid,"Ireaditineighthorninthgrade,and

Iwastryingtorecommendthebooktootherkids.SoitmakessensetomethatnowIhaveabookclub,becauseIhavebeen

doingthatprobablysinceIreadthisbook."

1、WhatisthethemeofCompetingAgainstTime?

A.Howtoincreaseproduction.B.Howtoimproveefficiency.

C.Howtoenrichexperience.D.Howtosaveenergy

2、Whichbookmaybechosenbyparentstolearnaboutrebelliouskids?

A.CompetingagainstTime.B.TheCatcherintheRye.

C.Napoleon.D.ToKillaMockingbird.

3、WhatcanbeinferredfromWinfrey'swords?

A.Shelovedreadingwhenyoung.

B.Shereadthebookwithotherkids.

C.Thebookhasaninfluenceonhercareer.

D.Thebookisaboutagirl'sthoughts.

Text3

PeoplefromEastAsiatendtohavemoredifficultythanthosefromEuropeindistinguishingfacialexpressions—andanew

reportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiologyexplainswhy.

RachaelJack,UniversityofGlasgowresearcher,saidthatratherthanscanningevenly(均匀的)acrossafaceasWesternersdo,

Easternersfixtheirattentionontheeyes.

"WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressions,"Jacksaid."Westerners

lookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect(忽略)themouth."

AccordingtoJackandhercolleagues,thediscoveryshowsthathumancommunicationofemotionismorecomplexthan

previouslybelieved.Asaresult,facialexpressionsthathadbeenconsidereduniversallyrecognizablecannotbeusedtoreliably

conveyemotionincross-culturalsituations.

Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesof.expressivefacesandputthemintocategories:

happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,orneutral.Theycomparedhowaccuratelyparticipantsreadthosefacial

expressionsusingtheirparticulareyemovementstrategies.

ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthandidWesterners."Theculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthatshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressions,"

Jacksaid."OurdatasuggestthatwhereasWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion,Easternersusetheeyesmoreand

mouthless."

Inshort,thedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.Fromhereon,examininghowculturalfactorshavediversifiedthesebasicsocialskillswillhelpourunderstandingofhumanemotion.Otherwise,whenit

comestocommunicatingemotionsacrosscultures,EasternersandWesternerswillfindthemselveslostintranslation.

1、ThediscoveryshowsthatWesterners

A.payequalattentiontotheeyesandthemouth

B.considerfacialexpressionsuniversallyreliable

C.observetheeyesandthemouthindifferentways

D.havemoredifficultyinrecognizingfacialexpressions

2、Whatwerethepeopleaskedtodointhestudy?

A.Tomakeafaceateachother.

B.Togettheirfacesimpressive.

C.Toclassifysomefacepictures.

D.Toobservetheresearchers'faces.

3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph6referto?

A.Theparticipantsinthestudy.

B.Theresearchersofthestudy.

C.Theerrorsmadeduringthestudy.

D.Thedatacollectedfromthestudy.

4、IncomparisonwithWesterners,Easternersarelikelyto

A.dotranslationmoresuccessfully

B.studythemouthmorefrequently

C.examinetheeyesmoreattentively

D.readfacialexpressionsmorecorrectly

5、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheEyeastheWindowtotheSoul

B.CulturalDifferencesinReadingEmotions

C.EffectiveMethodstoDevelopSocialSkills

D.HowtoIncreaseCross-culturalUnderstanding

Text4

DuringWorldWarItheRedCrosssetupaprogramforpeopletosendletterstosoldiersinEuropesotheywouldneverbe

lonely.Duringthecourseofthisprogramasoldierreceivedaletterfromawomanhedidn'tknowandhadnevermet.She

askedhimthetypicalthingsandhewroteareturnletterwiththetypicalanswers.

Astheirlettersbecamemorefrequenttheyrealizedthattheyhadmuchincommonandafriendshipwasformed.ThoughtheeverOincreasingletterstheycametoknoweachothermoreandbelookedforwardtothemashemovedeverforwardinto

combatanddanger.Overtimetheirfriendshipbegantoblossomintolove,buttheyneverexchangedphotos.

Eventuallythewarended.HetoldherhewascominghomeandtheymadeaplantomeetatGrandCentralStation.He

wouldlooklikecountlessothersoldierssohetoldherhewouldholdabouquetofcarnations(康乃馨)andshesaidshewould

becarryingaparticularbook.Iftheirlovewasrealtheycouldmeet.

Atthestationhewaseagerlysearchingforthebookinthehandsofeverywomanhemet.Shortlyafter,ashort,plainandoverweightwomanappearedcarryingabook.Heknewitwasher.Hisexcitementformeetingtheloveofhislifedashedaway.

Butheputabigsmileonhisfaceandcalledhername.Shesmiledandcameovertohim.Hebenttokisshercheek,butshe

pushedhimoff.Insteadshehandedhimthebookandwalkedoff.Confused,hesuddenlyturnedaroundandabeautifulwoman

wasstandingandsmilingbeforehim.

"Ihadtobesure,"shesaidtohim,"ifyouwerethemanofpersonalityIdreamedabout.Andyouare."Andshecameinto

hisarmsandtheykissedforthefirsttimeunderthebigclockinthecenterofGrandCentralStation.

1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inParagraph2referto?

A.SoldiersB.Letters

C.Thetypicalanswers]D.Thetypicalthings

2、Whydidthesoldierdecidetofoldabouquetofcarnations?

A.Tocheckiftheirlovewastrue

B.Tofulfillthepromisehemadeyearsago

C.Todistinguishhimselffromothersoldiers.

D.Topresentawelcomegifttothewoman.

3、Howdidthemanfeelatthefirstsightofthewomanwithabook?

A.EagerB.Cautions

C.EmbarrassedD.Disappointed

4、What'sthekeytopicofthepassage?

A.WarandpeaceB.Dreamandreality.

C.CheatandtrustD.Friendshipandlove

PartB

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Inthepast,humanactivities1.(have)littleeffectonglobalwarming,butnowtheyhavecausedtheriseoftheearthtemperature

Allscientistsagreethattheincreaseinthetemperatureresults2.theburningoffossilfuelsOneofsomebyproducts(副产品)

3.(call)greenhousegasesiscarbondioxide(二氧化碳)whichcantrapmoreheatenergyintheatmosphere

Overthelast100years,thetemperatureoftheearth4.(increase)The5.(attitude)towardsthisrisearecompletelydifferent

Somearepositive6.othersarenegativeThosewhoarepositivethinkthatwithoutthegreenhousegasestheearthwould

be7.(cool)thanitis,8.wouldnotbesuitabletoliveonOthersthinktheriseoftheearthtemperaturemaycauseseverestorms,

floods,droughts(干旱)andsoon

9.(actual),greenhousegaseswillcontinuetobuildupintheatmosphereLuckily,wehumanbeingsaredoingwhatwe

can10.(reduce)greenhousegasesMoreimportantly,individualscanmakeadifference

Aphenomenonknownas"in-need-of-praise"hastakenChinesesocialmediabystormUserscannowjoinachatgroupon

WeChatorQQ,wheretheywilll.(praise)andgainencouragementfromothers—forapriceThe"in-need-of-praise"chat

groupsareareflectionofChineseculture2.valuesmodestyandhumility(谦逊),leadingmanypeopletooftencovertheirtrueemotionsInChineseculture,3.(open)seekingandgivingpraiseisuncommonThetrendseemedtohavestartedwithachat

groupontheplatformDoubanfouryearsagoSinceMarchmanyotherchatgroups4.(become)popular,especiallyamong

youngpeopleForthem,gainingrecognitionfrompeersismoreimportantthangettingapprovalfromoldergenerationsThey

canfeel5.senseofbelongingandgainpraiseinthesechatgroups,whichis6.(benefit)totheirmentalhealthIt'salsoanoutlet

foruserstoshow7.(kind)andsupporteachotherLifepressurecanbebigenough,soweneedtobesurroundedbywarm8.(word),orevensomeblindconfidenceButanyone9.(receive)orgivingpraiseinsuchgroupsshouldbecautiousThe

biggestriskistheconstantfocusonthe"falseself,"whichmakes10.hardertoseethe"trueself"

SectionIIITranslation

Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Theeffectofbullying(欺凌)canbeseriousandevenleadtotragedy.Unfortunately,itisstillamostlyresearched

area.

1、Thatyear,twostudentswithshotguns,bothofwhomhadbeenconsideredgiftedandwhohadbeenbulliedforyears,killed13people,wounded24andthencommittedsuicide.Ayearlater,ananalysisbytheUSgovernmentfoundthatbullying

playedamajorroleinmorethantwo-thirdsofthecampusviolence.

2、Numerousinvadersthroughouthistoryhavetriedtodefendtheirbullyingbehaviorbyclaimingthattheythemselves

werebullied.3、Althoughthereisnojustificationforbullying,manyoftheworsthumansinhistoryhaveindeedbulliesand

victimsofbullying.

Sincebullyingisoftenignored,itmayprovideanimportantclueincrowdbehaviorandpasser-bybehavior.4、Manyof

themhavesuggestedbullyingasoneofthereasonsofthisbecominglesssensitivetoviolence.5、inthissense,bullyingaffects

notonlythebulliedbuthisfriendsandclassmatesandthewholesociety.

A.Researchindicatesthatthevictimoftenbecomesthebully.

B.Psychologistshavebeenpuzzledbytheinactivityofcrowdsandbystanderswhencrimesoccurincrowdedplaces.

C.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtopeople'sreactiontobullyingwhenithappens.

D.Hitler,forexample,isclaimedtohavebeenavictimofbullyinginhischildhood.

E.Campusbullyingisbecomingaseriousprobleminsomehighschoolsinbigcities.

F.Thefriendsandclassmatesofthebullyandthevictimalsoaccepttheviolenceasnormal.

G.Thelinkbetweenbullyingandschoolviolencehasattractedincreasingattentionsince1999.

TheAmericancityofDetroitwaslikeParis,somepeoplesaid.Ithadabigriver,beautifulwidestreetsandimportant

buildings.Then,inthe20thcentury,itwascalledMotorCitybecauseofthenumberofcarfactoriesthere.Workersinthecar

factorieshadgoodjobsandtheyearnedgoodmoney.1、Lifewasgood.Butatthebeginningofthe21stcentury,Detroit

becam