2023学年完整公开课版ImproveInterculturalCommunicationCompetence

ImproveInterculturalCommunicationCompetenceBeabletodefinecompetenceandinterculturalcommunicationcompetenceBemorecompetentininterculturalcommunicationcompetenceLearningObjectives123Understandthedimensionsandcomponentsofinterculturalcommunicationcompetence

Video:JaneZhangintheOprahWinfreyShow1“Anorganism’scapacitytointeracteffectivelywithitsenvironment”(White,1959,p.297)23DefinitionofCompetence“Theacquiredabilitytointeracteffectively”(Foote&Cottrell,1955)“Theabilitytorelateeffectivelytoselfandothers”(Bochner&Kelly,1974)

What’sCommunicationCompetence?

1.DefinitionofCommunicationCompetence2.“Theabilitytodemonstrateaknowledgeofthesociallyappropriatecommunicativebehaviorinagivensituation”(Backlund,1978,p.26)Effectiveness&Appropriateness.TwoElementsAboutAppropriateness

AllenandWood(1978)offeredonesetofrulesforappropriateness:Sayjustenough—nottoolittleortoomuch.Don’tsaysomethingthat’sfalse—orspeakaboutsomethingforwhichyoulackevidence.Relateyourcontributiontothetopicandsituation.Beclearaboutwhatyouaresaying,andsayit“withdispatch.”

①quantity②quality

③relevancy④mannerofmessagesendingininteractionFourElementsofAppropriateness

Dimensions&Components

3.InterculturalCommunicationCompetencePersonalAttributesSelf-DisclosureSelf-AwarenessSelf-conceptSocialRelaxationCommunicationSkillsMessageSkillsFlexibilityInternationalManagementSocialSkillsPsychologicalAdaptationFrustrationStressAlienationAmbiguityCulturalAwarenessSocialValuesSocialCustomsSocialNormsSocialSystems

Personalityattributereferstothetraitsthatconstituteanindividual’spersonality.①Self-Concept②self-disclosure

③self-awareness④socialrelaxation

PersonalityAttributes

4.Fourmaintraitsaffectinginterculturalcommunicationcompetence1)Self-ConceptSelf-Conceptreferstothewayinwhichweviewourselves.Oneofthemostimportantelementsofself-conceptisSelf-Esteem.Ehrlich(1973)showedthatpeoplewithhighself-esteemgenerallyfeelmorepositivelytowardoutgrouppersonsthandothosewithlowself-esteem.

Self-EsteemHighSelf-esteemLowSelf-esteemMentalHealthQualityofrelationshipsSuccessSocialeffectivenessHappinessAnxietyDepressionPsychosomaticsymptomsUnderachievement2)Self-DisclosureSelf-Disclosure

referstothewillingnessofindividualstoopenlyandappropriatelyrevealinformationaboutthemselvestotheircounterparts.Self-disclosureisoneofthemainelementsofindividualcompetenceincommunication,anditcanleadtoachievementsofpersonalcommunicationgoals(Bochner&Kelly,1974;Parks,1976)Womantendtoengagein“rapporttalk”toshareexperiencesandestablishbonds.Mentendtoengageinreporttalktoshareinformation,tonegotiateandpreserveindependenceAppropriateSelf-disclosureSelf-disclosethekindofinformationyouwantotherstodisclosetoyou.Self-disclosemoreintimateinformationonlywhenyoubelievethedisclosurerepresentsanacceptablerisk.Continueintimateself-disclosureonlyifit’sreciprocated.Moveself-disclosuretodeeperlevelsgradually.Reserveintimateorverypersonalself-disclosureforongoingrelationships.Reciprocalself-disclosurehasthegreatestpositiveeffects3)Self-Awareness

“KnowThyself.”--SocratesSelf-Awareness

istheabilitytomonitorortobeawareofourselves(Spitzberg&Cupach,1984).Ithelpsindividualsadjustmoresmoothlytoothercultures(Brislin,1979;Triandis,1977).AboutSelf-Monitoringaconceptcloselyrelatedtoself-awareness,facilitatescompetentinterculturalcommunication.AccordingtoSnyder(1974),whenwearehighinself-monitoringwestayparticularlysensitivetoourcounterparts’expressionsandself-presentation,andknowhowtousethesebehavioralcuestoguideourownself-presentations.4)SocialRelaxationSocialRelaxationistheabilitytoreveallittleanxietyincommunication.Anxiety,accordingtoHermanandSchield(1961),usuallyoriginatesfromourlackofsecurityinenteringanewsituation.Thenewsituationpresentsuswithaseriesofcriseswhenwefirstenterthehostculture(Gudykunst&Hammer,1987)Symptomsofsocialanxietyundueperspirationshakiness,posturalrigidityvocalunevennessloweredresponsetendencies--(Spitzberg&Cupach,1984).SummaryWebecomemorecompetentininterculturalcommunicationasweacquirethefollowingpersonalattributes:(1)apositiveself-concept(2)appropriateself-disclosure,(3)self-awareness(4)lessanxietyandmoresocialrelaxation.Communicationskillsaretheverbalandnonverbalbebehaviorsthatenableustobeeffectiveininteractionswithothers.Suchbehaviorsininterculturalcommunicationincludemessageskillsbehavioralflexibilityinteractionmanagementsocialskills.

Communicationskills

5.1)MessageSkillsMessageskillsrequirethatweacquirenotonlyaknowledgeofthehostlanguagebutalsoshowtheabilitytouseit.Descriptiveness

referstoouruseofconcreteandspecificfeedbackasopposedtoourjudgementofanother’sbehaviors.Supportivenessincludesheadnods,eyecontact,facialexpressions,andphysicalproximity(Hammer,1989).VideoProblemswillarisefromthelackofmessageskillsMiniCase1:PresidentObama'sbowtoEmperorofJapanCriticssaidthatThiswasa"letmeshowyouhowlowIcango"typeofbow.

"Letmeshowyouthebackofmyhead"typeofbow.”What’syouropinion?2)BehavioralFlexibilitytheabilitytoselectanappropriatebehaviorindifferentcontextsandsituations.(Bochner&Kelly,1974)theabilitiesofaccuracyandadaptability;theabilitytoperformdifferentbehavioralstrategies(Parls.1976)Itincludesfeelingcomfortable(Wheeless&Duran,1982).Whythereporterwentawayduringtheinterview?Howtomaintainaconversationeffectively?MiniCase2:ABritishkidtellthestoryofChristmas!3)InteractionManagementtheabilitytospeakinturninconversationtheabilitytoinitiateandterminatetheconversationappropriately

①nointerruptions②oneperson

③alternateturns④fullattention(Wiemann,1977)EffectiveCommunicativeInteractionInteractioninvolvementperceiveatopicinvolveourconceptofselfandself-reward(Spitzberg&Cupach,1984)

①responsiveness

②perceptiveness

③attentiveness(Cegala,1981,1984)

ThreeCompetenciesGroupDiscussionWhenyoufirstcametoNUAA…Howlongdidittaketoadapttocollegelife?Howmanystagesdidyougothroughduringthisprocess?Whatattitudeshouldwehavetowardspeoplecomingfromdifferentplaceswithdifferentaccents?Culturalshockreferstotheabilitytoacclimatetoanewculture.Itentailsacomplexprocessthroughwhichweacquiretheabilitytofitinthenewculturalenvironment(Kim&Gudykunst,1988).

PsychologicalAdjustment

6.Lysgaard(1955)proposedtheU-curvehypothesistoexplainthethreestepsofpsychologicaladaptation.AdjustmentHoneymoon0-2monthsCulturalShock3-9monthsAdjustmentRecovery

ExcitementandcuriosityLovethefoodandpeopleThefunwillneverend…Nervousness,confusion,isolationHateeverythingaboutthehostcultureThistripwillneverend.Adjustmentandre-evaluationofviewsUnderstandingbeginstodevelopThingsaren’tsobad,justnew.EnjoymentandcapacityfordualculturalidentityLookhowmuchI’velearned.9-48months＞48monthsInsomnia

Fatigue

SymptomsDisorientation

Alienation

Nervousness

AlcoholDrug

SolutionsSmokingTip2MakefriendsGetalocal"informant“&asameculturebuddyTip1DosomethingfamiliarMakeyourfavoritefoodWatchyourfavoritemoviesListentomusicinmothertongueTip3BeatouristExploretheplaceFindsomethingthatyoulikeaboutthecultureTip4BeoccupiedFocusonstudyTrysomethingthattakescourageeverydayCu