大学新标准英语课件：第四单元第一部分-1

Contents12346ActiveReading1ActiveReading1Somefamousquotesaboutnews:Whenadogbitesaman,thatisnotnews.Butifamanbitesadog,thatisnews.(JohnB.Bogart)Yes.Theeverydayislessinterestingthantheunusual.WarmingUpWhat’snews?WarmingUpCanyounamesomefamousinternationalnewspapers?WarmingUpWashingtonPostWins4Pulitzers,andNewYorkTimesGets3in2010TextActivereading1:NavigationTextOrganisationMediapower

3elementsNewsworthyMoreActivereading1:NavigationNewsworthy1stElement

2ndElement3rdElementHistoricalandinternationalsignificanceOdd,unexpected,humanImmediacyMediaPowerWhenitcomestoimmediacy...TheadvantageoverthepressMoreActivereading1:NavigationParas2&3:Exemplifying1stElement2ndElement9/11TheassassinationofKennedyOdd,unexpected,humanPara4:DefiningnewsParas5&6:InterpretingoddOdd≠hugeMousechasestory3rdElement3elementsMoreActivereading1:NavigationMediapowerPara8:TV-advantageoverthepressMediaPower3ElementsPara9:Internet-mediapowererodedPara10:conclusiononthefutureImmediacy:advantageofTVCameraposition:mediapowerImmediacy:blogs,self-broadcastsites,open-accesswebpagesPowerdevolvedtoordinarypeopleBackMakingtheheadlines1

Itisn'tveryoftenthatthemedia

leadwiththesamestoryeverywhereintheworld.Suchaneventwouldhavetobeofenormousinternationalsignificance.ButthisisexactlywhatoccurredinSeptember2001withtheterroristattackontheTwinTowersoftheWorldTradeCenterinNewYork.Itisprobablynotexaggeratedtosaythatfromthatmomenttheworldwasadifferentplace.Textmaketheheadlines:bereportedinmanynewspapersandonradioandtelevision成为报纸（电台，电视）上的新闻e.g.1.ascandalthatmadetheheadlinesforweeks连续几周大字标题报道的丑闻2.Suchdisastersasaircrashes,earthquakesandregionalblood-shedconflictsoftenmaketheheadlinesinourlife.

空难、地震和地区流血冲突等灾难常常成为我们生活中头条新闻。Words&Phrases……媒体……并不多见。

Itisn’tveryoftenthatthemedia...

LanguagePointsPrintisamediumofcommunication,filmisanother–putthemtogetherandwehavethemedia.(Latinwordsendingin-umhave-aplurals.NotmanyareinuseinEnglish:datum/data;memorandum/memoranda.)翻译：这正是……发生的情形。

Butthisisexactlywhatoccurred…

LanguagePointsTherearen’tmanystorieswhichcometopinnewspapersallaroundtheworld,buttheattackonNewYorkwasoneofthem.翻译：leadwithsth:ifanewspaperortelevisionprogramleadswithaparticularstory,thatstoryisthemainone（某个事迹或话题）开始（演讲、新闻广播或故事等）e.g.

1.TheWashingtonPostleadswiththelatestnewsfromIsrael.《华盛顿邮报》头版头条报道以色列的最新消息。2.We'llleadwiththedockstrike.我们将以码头工人罢工作为头条新闻。Words&Phrasesexaggeratev.describesomethinginawaythatmakesitseembetter,worse,larger,moreimportantetc.

thanitreallyis夸张；夸大；言过其实e.g.1.Heexaggeratedthedangersofthetripinordertofrightenthemnotintogoing.他夸大了旅行的危险，目的是恫吓他们，以使他们不敢去。2.Saywhateveryourmemorysuggestsastrue,butaddnothingandexaggeratenothing.把你记得的真实情况都讲出来；可是不要加点什么，也不要夸大。Words&Phrases2

Butitisnotjustthehistoricalandinternationaldimensionthatmade9/11memorableand(touseawordthemedialike)newsworthy.Itwastheshockandhorror,too.Sostriking,sosensational,wasthenewsthat,yearsaftertheevent,manypeoplecanstillrememberexactlywheretheywereandwhattheyweredoingwhentheyfirstheardit.Theycanremembertheirownreactions:Formanypeopleacrosstheglobetheirfirstinstinctwastogoandtellsomeoneelseaboutit,thusprovidingconfirmationoftheoldsayingthatbadnewstravelsfast.Text使9/11值得纪念……具有新闻价值的是……

...thatmade9/11memorableand...newsworthy.LanguagePointsThesuffix-worthymeansdeservingof,suitablefor.(Seealsoblameworthy,creditworthy,noteworthy,trustworthy.)翻译：这一消息极度震撼，极具爆炸性。

Sostriking,sosensational,wasthenews...LanguagePointsAnexampleofinversion.ThenormalsentenceisThenewswassostrikingandsosensational...Frontingtheadverbphrasessoastogivethememphasistriggersaprocessofinversion,whichoperatesjustlikeaquestion.Deliciousindeedwasthemealshecookedthatnightisasimilarexample.翻译：……坏事传千里。

...badnewstravelsfast.LanguagePointsThisisaproverbcommentingonthefactthatonecanrarelyhopethatnewsofone’stroubleswon’tspreadquickly.翻译：3

Andsoitiswithallmajornewsstories.IrememberwhenIwasatprimaryschooltheteacherannouncingpale-facedtoastartledclassofsevenyearoldsPresidentKennedyisdead.Ididn'tknowwhoPresidentKennedywas,butIwassoupsetathearingthenewsthatIwentrushinghomeafterwardstotellmyparents(whoalreadyknew,ofcourse).Infact,thisisoneofmyearliestmemories.Textstartleda.suddenlyfrightenedorsurprisedbysomething受到惊吓的；吃惊的e.g.Iwasstartledtosee

mygirlfriendinthesame

classroom.看到我女朋友在同一个教室吓了我一跳。Seealso:

startle.Words&PhrasesKennedy

肯尼迪（1917–1963）

Words&PhrasesJohnFitzgeraldKennedy,

oftenreferredtobyhisinitialsJFK,wasthe35thPresidentoftheUS,servingfrom1961untilhisassassinationin1963.HedefeatedthenVicePresidentandRepublicancandidateRichardNixoninthe1960U.S.presidentialelection.KennedyistheonlypresidenttohavewonaPulitzerPrize.EventsduringhispresidencyincludedtheCubanMissileCrisis,thebuildingoftheBerlinWall,theSpaceRace,theAfricanAmericanCivilRightsMovementandearlystagesoftheVietnamWar.Today,KennedycontinuestorankhighlyinpublicopinionratingsofformerU.S.presidents.Words&Phrases4

Sowhatexactlyisnews?Theobjectiveimportanceofaneventisobviouslynotenough–thereareplentyofenormousglobalissuesoutthere,withdramaticconsequences,frompovertytoglobalwarming–butsincetheyareongoing,theydon'tallmaketheheadlinesonthesameday.9/11,incontrast,wasnotjustinternational,butodd,unexpected,and(inthesensethatitwaspossibletoidentifywiththeplightofpeoplecaughtupinthedrama)veryhuman.Text4

那么，新闻到底是什么？一个事件光有客观重要性显然不够——世界上有大量全球性的大问题，都会造成戏剧性的后果，从贫困问题到全球变暖问题——但由于它们都是进行中的，并不都会在同一天成为头条。对比之下，9/11不仅具有国际性，而且奇特怪异、出人意料，还（可能使读者对身陷那场悲剧中的人们的痛苦感同身受，从这个意义上讲）极具人性。Textongoinga.

stillhappeningorbeingdone进行中的e.g.1.Heinterruptedtheongoingdiscussionandannouncedanotice.他打断正在进行的讨论，宣读了一项通知。2.Ihavehadanongoingheadachethesedays.我最近总头疼。Words&Phrasesodda.1)unusualorunexpectedinawaythatattractsyourinterestorattention奇特的；古怪的；异常的2)anoddnumberisawholenumberthatcannotbedividedexactlybytwo,forexample1,3,5,7etc.奇数的，单数的

(antonym:even)3)nothappeningfrequentlyorregularly偶尔的，非经常的Whatdoesoddmeaninthefollowingsentences?1.

Harry’sbehaviourdidseemalittleodd.2.Fiveandnineareoddnumbers.

3.Sheknitsatoddmoments.Words&Phrases奇怪的奇数的偶尔的……还（可能使读者对身陷那场悲剧中的人们的痛苦感

同身受，从这个意义上讲）极具人性。...(inthesensethatitwaspossibletoidentifywiththeplightofpeoplecaughtupinthe

drama)veryhuman.LanguagePointsInthesensethatisusedwhenwecanseeouruseofaphrasemaycausemisunderstanding.Tosaysuchastoryofdeathanddestructionisveryhumanmayseemodd,butthewriterexplainsheisreferringtowhathappenedtoordinarypeoplewhowereinvolvedinthegreateventsratherlikebystanders,peoplewhowereperhapsdeliveringsandwichestothebuildingwhentheybecamepartofhistoryandwerecaughtupinthegreatdrama.翻译：5

Odddoesn'tmeanhuge.Takethestoryintoday'sChinaDailyaboutamouseholdingupaflightfromVietnamtoJapan.ThemousewasspottedrunningdowntheaisleofaplaneinHanoiairport.Itwaseventuallycaughtbyagroupof12techniciansworriedthatthemousecouldchewthroughwiresandcauseashortcircuit.Bythetimeittookofftheplanewasmorethanfourhourslate.Textholdup:1)causeadelayforsomeoneorsomething,ortomakethemlate耽搁；延迟；使停顿2)supportsomeoneorsomethingsothattheydonotfalldown支撑某物3)holdsomethinginahighposition,sothatitcanbeseen举起4)stealfromaperson,business,orvehiclebythreateningthemwithagunorotherweapon抢劫Words&PhrasesTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.Theroofisheldupbymassivestonepillars.屋顶是用几根粗大的石柱支撑着。2.Sheheldupherhandforsilence.她举手要求安静。3.Sorry,I’mlate--Iwasheldupatwork.对不起我来晚了，我被工作给耽搁了。4.Thecriminalsheldupthetrain.罪犯拦截了火车。Words&PhrasesHanoi河内（越南首都）

Hanoi,estimatedpopulationnearly6.5million(2009),isthecapitalandsecond-largestcityofVietnam.From1010until1802,itwasthemostimportantpoliticalcentreofVietnam.ThecityislocatedontherightbankoftheRedRiver.October2010officiallymarked1000yearssincetheestablishmentofthecity.Words&Phrasestechniciann.[C]someonewithtechnicaltrainingwhosejobinvolvesusingspecialequipmentormachines技术人员；技师e.g.1.alaboratorytechnician实验室技术人员2.Heisaprofessionalelectrictechnician.他是专业的电工技师。Wordfamily:technique

n.

technical

a.

Words&Phrases6

Notaneventwithmomentousinternationalconsequences,youmightsay,(apartfromafewpassengersarrivinglatefortheirappointmentsinanothercountry),butthereareechoesofthestoryacrosstheglobe,inonlineeditionsofpapersfromAsiatoAmerica,viaScotland(Mousechaseholdsupflight,intheEdinburghEveningNews).Textmomentousa.veryimportantbecauseofhavinganeffectonfutureevents重要的；重大的e.g.1.It’s

amomentousoccasion/event/decision.这是一个重大的时刻/事件/决定。2.I’veafeelingthisweekthatsomethingmomentousisgoingtohappen.我这个星期老是觉得有一件什么严重的事要发生似的。Wordfamily:

moment

n.Words&Phrasesechon.[C]1)asoundthatyouhearagainafteraloudnoise,becauseitwasmadenearsomethingsuchasawall回声；回响；反响2)

anideaorphrasethatislikeonethathasbeenexpressedbefore十分相似的东西，如出一辙的事物TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.

Sheshoutedonthemountaintopandlistenedfortheecho.

她在山顶上大声喊着，然后聆听着回声。2.Thisideafindanecho

inmanyAfricancountries.这种观念在许多非洲国家中十分普遍。Words&Phraseschasen.&v.1)n.[C]theactionoffollowingsomeoneorsomethingquicklybecauseyouwanttocatchthem追逐；追赶e.g.

Theycaughtthepuppyafteralongchase.他们追了很久才把小狗逮住。2)

v.

followsomeoneorsomethingquicklyinordertocatchthem追逐；追赶e.g.1.

Heneverceasedtochaseafterhisdreaminhisvigorousyouth.在精力充沛的年轻时代他从未停止过追求自己的梦想。Words&Phrases7

Anotherelementofnewsworthinessisimmediacy.Thisreferstothenearnessoftheeventintime.Aneventwhichhappenedaweekagoisnotgenerallynews–unlessyou'vejustreadaboutit."When"isoneofthefive"wh"questions

traineejournalistsareregularlytoldthattheyhavetousetoframeanewsstory(theothersare"who","what","where"and"why");"today","thismorning",and"yesterday"areprobablyatthetopofthelistoftimeadverbsinanewsreport.Textelementn.[C]animportantbasicpartof

somethingcomplicated,forexampleasystemorplan

要素；基本组成部分e.g.1.Honestyisavitalelementofhersuccess.诚实是她取得成功的最重要因素。2.Besidesability,theotheressentialelementinpoliticalsuccessisluck.政治上的成功除能力以外，另一个必不可少的因素便是

运气。Wordfamily:elementary

a.Words&Phrasesimmediacyn.[U]aqualitythatmakesyoufeelasthoughsomethingishappeningnowandthatyouareinvolvedinit直接性；即时性e.g.

1.Itistheimmediacyofeventswhichmakestelevisionsopopular.正是时事报道的即时性使电视如此受到大众欢迎。2.Thepersonnelmanagerdoesn’tseemtorealizetheimmediacyoftheproblem.

人事部长似乎还没有意识到这个问题的紧迫性。Wordfamily:

immediate

a.Words&Phrases……五个“何”问题之一……

...oneofthefive“wh”questions...LanguagePointsQuestionsaskedwithwhen,where,what,who,why.翻译：trainee

n.[C]someonewhoistrainingforaparticularprofessionorjob受培训的人；学员e.g.

Thetraineepilotflewhisfirstsolotoday.那个受训的飞行员今天首次单独飞行。Wordformation:-ee:someonewhoisbeingtreatedinaparticularwayorsomeonewhoisinaparticularstateorwhoisdoingsomething.受动者；处在某种情况下的人；行动者e.g.employee electee examinee

雇员 被选出者 接受考试者

devotee escapee refugee

献身者 逃亡者 难民 Words&Phrasesframevt.&n.

1)vt.

expresssth.carefullyinaparticularway表达；表述e.g.shewonderedhowshewasgoingtoframethequestion.她不知道怎么来提这个问题。2)vt.putapictureorphotographinaframe给（画）等装框e.g.Willyouframethisphoto?

你要给这张照片镶上镜框吗?Words&Phrases3)n.

[C]astructurethatformsaborderforapictureormirrorandholdsitinplace框架，边框e.g.door/window/picture

frame门框/窗框/画框Words&PhrasesSimilarly,aneventwhichisabouttohappen("today","thisevening"or"tonight")mayalsobenewsworthy,although,bydefinition,itisnotunexpectedandsolesssensational.Text8

Whenitcomestoimmediacy,thosemediawhichcanpresentnewsinrealtime,suchasTV,radio,andtheInternet,haveanenormousadvantageoverthepress.Toseeaneventunfoldinginfrontofyoureyesisratherdifferentfromreadingaboutitatbreakfastthenextmorning.TextButTVnewsisnotnecessarilymoreobjectiveorreliablethananewspaperreport,sincetheimagesyouarelookingatonyourscreenhavebeenchosenbyjournalistsoreditorswithspecificobjectives,oratleastfollowingsetguidelines,andtheyareshownfromauniqueviewpoint.Byplacingthecamerasomewhereelseyouwouldgetadifferentpicture.Thisiswhyitisusualtotalkofthe"powerofthemedia"–thepowertoinfluencethepublic,moreorlesscovertly.Text但是，电视新闻未必比报纸报道更客观或更可靠，因为你在屏幕上看到的图像是经记者或编辑根据特殊的目的，或至少是按照预定指示筛选过的；它们是从一个独特的视点展现给观众的。如果把摄像机移到别的地方，你就会看到另一番景象。这就是为什么人们通常会谈到“媒体霸权”——或多或少地暗中影响公众。Text……至少是按照预定指示……

...oratleastfollowingsetguidelines…LanguagePointsSetguidelinesarerulesandprincipleswhichhavebeendecidedupon.翻译：covertlyad.

secretly隐蔽地；秘密地e.g.Itisadouble-facedbehaviortoagreeovertlybutopposecovertly.阳奉阴违是一种两面派行为。Wordfamily:

covert

a.e.g.Theyhavebeensupplyingcovertmilitaryaidtotherebels.他们一直在向叛军秘密提供武器援助。Antonym:

overtly

Words&Phrases9

Butperhapsinthethirdmillenniumthispowerisbeingeroded,oratleastdevolvedtoordinarypeople.Theproliferationofpersonalblogs,thepossibilityofself-broadcastingthroughsitessuchasYouTube,andthegrowthofopen-accesswebpages(wikis)meansthatanyonewithanythingtosay–orshow–cannowreachaworldwideaudienceinstantly.Textmillenniumn.[C]aperiodof1,000years千年；千年期e.g.

1.Peoplecelebratingthe

millenniumfilledthestreets.街上满是庆祝新千年的人们。2.TheBibleisanassemblageofliteratureofimmensevarietybynumerousauthors,composedovermorethanamillennium.《圣经》是一部出自许多作家之手、内容包括千年以上的五花八门的综合性文学著作。Words&Phraseserodev.1)graduallyreducethestrengthorimportanceofsomething,ortobegraduallyreducedinthisway（逐步）削弱，损害e.g.Repeatedexamfailurehaderodedherconfidence.考试屡屡不及格削弱了她的自信心。2)graduallydamagethesurfaceofrockorlandsothatitbeginstodisappear,ortobegraduallydamagedinthisway侵蚀；腐蚀e.g.Hightidesareerodingthecoast.汹涌海浪侵蚀着海岸。Wordfamily:

erosion

n.[U]Words&Phrasesdevolvev.takepowerorresponsibilityfromacentralauthorityorgovernmentandgiveittosmallerandmorelocalregions下放（权力）；移交（职责）e.g.

1.WhenthePresidentisill,hisdutiesdevolveupontheVice-President.总统生病时，其职务交由副总统代理。2.TheEducationDepartmentshoulddevolvemoreresponsibilitytoschoolswithaviewtoimprovingtheirmanagement.教育署应把更多职权下放给学校，藉以改善学校管理。

Words&Phrasesproliferationn.asuddenincreaseinnumberoramount（数量）激增，剧增e.g.

1.theproliferationofweaponsofmassdestruction大规模杀伤武器的增长2.Theyarefacedwithacontinuingthreatofnuclearproliferation.他们面临着核扩散的持续威胁。Wordfamily:

proliferate

v.e.g.Healthfoodshopsproliferateinthisregion.

保健食品店在这个地区增加了。Words&Phrasesinstantlyad.immediately立即；马上e.g.Thepolicecametomyhelpinstantly.警方立刻来帮助我。Wordfamily:instant

a.&