北京市东城区2022年高二《英语》上学期期末试题与参考答案

北京市东城区2022年高二《英语》上学期期末试题与参考答案一、每小题1分，共10分A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Bornin1930，YuanLongping____1____(graduate)fromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953.Sincethen，findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.In1973，hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworld___2___grewricewithahighoutput.Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduce20%moreofthecropinthesamefields.Nowmorethan60%oftherice____3____(produce)inChinaeachyearisfromthishybridstrain.答案：1.graduated2.who##that3.producedB阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyandthe___4___(large)organofit.Youhavethreelayersofskin___5___actasabarrieragainstdisease，poisonsandthesun'sharmfulrays.Thefunctionsofyourskinarealsoverycomplex:itkeepsyouwarmorcoolitpreventsyourbodyfrom___6___(lose)toomuchwater;itiswhereyoufeelcold，heatorpainanditgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.答案：4.largest5.which/that6.losingC阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thinkabouthowmuchtimeyouspentoutsidelastweek.Really“outside.”___7___(walk)fromthecarintotheclassroomdoesn'tcount.Nowthinkabouthowmuchtimeyouspentindoors—playingvideogamesontheInternetorwatchingTV.Kidsspendtwofewerhoursperweek___8___sportsandoutdoor____9____(activity)intheearly2010sthanthekidsdidintheearly1990s.Somekidsarestayinginsidebecauseit'sdifficulttofindaplacetogo.Allkindsofareasareoff-limitstotweensandteens.Evenwhenspaceisavailable，personal____10____(safe)isanissue.答案：7.Walking8.on9.activities10.safety二、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。“Ifyoucouldhaveanythreethings，whatwouldyou___11___?"Eleven-year-oldRubyChitseylovesaskingthatquestion.Evenmore___12___shethensetsouttorealizesomeone's_____13_____.Rubyhaslongbeenclosetoolderpeople.Hermother，AmandaChitsey，isanurseatanursinghomeinHarrison.Rubyoften____14____heratworkafterschool.“SoIfeelfreetogouptothemandask___15___theyneedanything，"shesays.LastMay，Rubynoticedaresident(居住者)namedPearlstaringoutofawindow.Sheseemed___16___.“Whatareyoulookingat?Rubyasked.Pearl，hereyesfillingwithtears，saidshewaswatchingher____17____beingledawaybyhisnewowner.Pearldidn'tknowwhenshewouldseehimagain.RubylearntthatPearldidn'thaveenoughtopayanyoneto____18____herpetatthenursinghome.RubyandAmandaalsoaskedaroundand___19___thatmanynursinghomeresidentsareunableto___20___eventhesmallestluxuries(奢侈品).SoRuby___21___todosomethingaboutit.Shestartedbyaskingresidentswhatthreethingstheywantedmostintheworld.Amanda____22____thattheywouldaskforcars，housesandotherthingsan11-year-oldwouldn'tbeabletoprovide.___23___，theyaskedforchocolatebars，McDonald'sfries，andevenjustpantsthatfitproperly.“Itbrokemeasahuman，"Amandasays.“Weleftthenursinghomethatdayandwentstraight____24____astoreandboughtasmanyitemsaswecould."Usingtheirownmoney，theChitseysgrantedthewishesofabout100peopleinthreemonths.Thentheystartedaskingfor____25____.PeopleofHarrisonresponded___26___somuch，sothatAmandasetupaGoFundMepage，ThreeWishesforRuby'sResidents，hopingtocollect$5，000.They___27___theirgoalinamonth.AfterGoFundMenamedRubyaKidHeroand___28___herstoryinternationallythispastJanuary，ThreeWishesraised$20，000in24hoursandmorethan$250，000infivemonths.Earlierthisyear，ThreeWishesforRuby'sResidentslauncheditsfirstnationwidebranch.Oneofitsnew____29____istosetupacommunallaptop(平台)ineachstate.Rubydoesn'tplantostopthere.“Iconsider____30____tobemyhobby，”shesays，“andI'mverygoodatit."11.A.want B.make C.use D.offer12.A.entertaining B.amazing C.convincing D.attracting13.A.wishes B.promises C.plans D.influences14.A.asks B.calls C.visits D.attends15.A.if B.what C.that D.how16.A.angry B.sad C.bored D.sick17.A.nurse B.car C.dog D.grandson18.A.lookinto B.lookat C.lookfor D.lookafter19.A.suspected B.added C.predicted D.discovered20.A.accept B.approach C.afford D.appreciate21.A.remembered B.decided C.regretted D.announced22.A.explained B.concluded C.observed D.worried23.A.Otherwise B.Therefore C.Instead D.Besides24.A.across B.at C.on D.to25.A.donations B.praises C.instruction D.comfort26.A.peacefully B.gratefully C.enthusiastically D.naturally27.A.changed B.set C.hit D.kept28.A.spread B.created C.finished D.heard29.A.chances B.goals C.battles D.lessons30.A.bravery B.calmness C.optimism D.kindness答案：11.A12.B13.A14.C15.A16.B17.C18.D19.D20.C21.B22.D23.C24.D25.A26.C27.C28.A29.B30.D三、阅读理解(第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AGetatasteoftheamazingworldofengineeringDoyouwanttohelpshapethefutureofeverythingfromentertainmentandtransporttosportandtheenvironment?Thenyoumightwanttothinkaboutthefascinatingworldofengineering.Tomorrow'sEngineersWeekisrunning4-8February2020，andistheperfecttimetogetanideaofwhatengineeringisallabout.Engineersarethepeoplewhousescientificknowledge，rangingfromlong-establishedscientificlawstocutting-edgediscoveries，tosolveproblemsandimprovelifeforallofus.Tomorrow'sEngineersWeekaimstogetyoungpeopleinterestedinthisexcitingcareer.Italsowantstochangethewaywethinkaboutengineers.Oneplacetofindoutmoreaboutengineersisthewebsite.uk，whereyoucanmeet16youngengineerswithamazinganddifferentjobs.There'sHalvard，whobuildsfarmrobots;andOlivia，whousesherchemicalengineeringskillstocreatesoapsandshampooskindtotheskinandtheenvironment.Alicedigstraintunnelsdeepunderground.Michellebuildsrides.Asachild，shelovedthesethrillingrides.Attheageof14，sheattendedalectureonrollercoasterdesign，andthensherealizedthatengineeringwasagreatwaytoturnherpassionintohercareer.Ifyouwanttomeetsomeinspirationalengineers，askifyourschoolhassigneduptotakepartintheBigAssembly(大型集会)on6February.Don'tworryifnot，though，youcancheckitoutyourselfafterwardsonthe.ukwebsite.31.ThegoalofTomorrow'sEngineersWeekisto________.A.introduceyoungengineersB.announcethelatestdiscoveriesC.showthefutureworkofengineersD.attracttheyouth'sinterestinengineering32.Whichoftheengineersfanciesbuildingrollercoasters?A.Halvard. B.Olivia.C.Alice. D.Michelle.33.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainwhatengineeringisallabout.B.ToadvertiseTomorrow'sEngineersWeek.C.Toencourageschoolstosignupforanassembly.D.Tointroducethewebsite.uk.答案：31.D32.D33.BBDuringhisschool's“CollegeColoursDay”，afourth-gradeboyinFlorida，whodreamstobecomeastudentoftheUniversityofTennessee，wantedtowearashirtoftheuniversity，buthedidn'thaveone.Histeacher，LauraSnyder，suggestedthatheshouldwearanorangeshirttoshowhisspirit.Whenthedayfinallyarrived，theboywassoexcitedtoshowhisshirt-anorangeonewithapieceofpaperattachedtoit，onwhichwashishomemadedesignoftheUTlogo.Butbylunchtime，thespiritedfanwasintears.Somegirlsbullied(霸凌)himandmadefunofhisdesignthathehadpinnedtohisshirt.BacktoSnyder'sroom，heputhisheadondeskandwascrying，devastated.Inhopesofraisingtheboy'sspirits，SnyderplannedonbuyinghimanofficialUniversityofTennesseeT-shirt，andaskedfriendsonlineiftheyhadcontactswiththeuniversitywhocould“makeitalittleextraspecialforhim.”ThepostimmediatelywentviralandSnyderwascontactedbytheUniversityofTennesseeinformingherthattheywantedtosendtheboyacarepackageofswagandapparel(服装)insupportofhim.Thestory，however，didn'tendhere.TheUniversityofTennesseesaiditwasturninghis“U.T.”designintoanofficialT-shirtandhadpre-soldmorethan50，000shirtsonline.Theuniversitywon'tprofitfromtheshirts:Itisdonatingthemoneytoacharitydedicatedto(致力于)gettingridofbullyingofallforms.“WhenItoldhimthathisdesignwasbeingmadeintoarealshirtandpeoplewantedtowearit，hisjawdropped，"saidSnyder.“Hehadabigsmileonhisface，walkedtaller，andIcouldtellhisconfidencegrew!”Inrecognitionofthefourth-grader'sspirit，theuniversityhasalsoextendedanofferofhonoraryadmissionforhimtojointheClassof2032.Inaddition，hehasbeenawardedafour-yearscholarshipifhedecidestoattendUTin2028andmeetsadmissionrequirements.34.Howdidtheboyreacttohisschool's“CollegeColoursDay”?A.Hepreparedforitwithacreativedesign.B.Hedreamedofwinningaprizeontheday.C.Hewasafraidofbeinglaughedatontheday.D.Hewasshyofjoiningitwithoutauniversityshirt.35.Howdidtheboyprobablyfeelafterlunchonthe“CollegeColourDay”?A.Excitedandthankful. B.Confidentandhappy.C.Shockedandsad. D.Nervousandworried.36.WhatSnyderdidfortheboyshowsthat_________.A.astrongwillisvitaltosuccessB.apromisewillchangeone'slifeC.theyouthshouldbetreatedequallyD.caringlovecanmakeabigdifference答案：34.A35.C36.DCTobeclear，plasticbagsarerightlythoughtofasathreatthat'sharmfultohumanhealth.AccordingtotheNationalResourcesDefenseCouncil，overadecadeago，theaverageAmericanfamilytookhomealmost1，500plasticshoppingbagsayear，fillingourcabinets，kitchendrawers，andlandfills(垃圾填埋场).Todaythenumbersareslightlybetter:AccordingtoNationalGeographic，asof2018，shoppersintheUnitedStatesusealmostoneplasticbagperresidentperday.Thisisnotastoryontheevilofplastics，butonwhetherthereusablebagcanjustifyitsexistence.Althoughmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythantraditionalsingle-useplasticbags，reusablebags，dependingonwhattheyaremadeof，aremoreenergy-intensive(耗能)torecycle.AccordingtoareportbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram，“dependingonwhattheyaremadeof，reusablebagsmighthavetobedeconstructedinacostlyrecyclingprocesstoseparatethedifferentmaterials.Asaresult，inmanycases，reusablebagsarenotrecycled."Thatmeansdespitethebestintentions，millionsofreusablebagsdesignedtoreplacetheneedfortraditionalplasticshoppingbags，willalsoendupinlandfills.Anotherpointtoconsider，notallreusablebagsareequalintermsoftheirrecyclability.Thereareawiderangeofreusablebagoptionsonthemarket，andreusablebagstendtobemadeofmorethanonematerialtogivethebagaddedreinforcement(耐用)andaddedstreetfashion.Onalifecyclebasis，stronger，heavierbags-nomatterwhatmaterialtheyaremadeof-willhaveamoresevereenvironmentaleffect.That'sbecauseheavierbagsusemoreresourcestoproduceaswellasdistribute.Justlikeplasticbagsdid，reusablebagsmultiplyrapidly.Usedforpromotional(促销的)purposesandmarketingofallkinds，reusablebags'growingpopularitymeansbagsthathavebeenusedverylittle(ornotatall)canbefoundpiledinstreets，ingarbagecansincityparks，andbasicallyeverywhere.Therefore，consumershavecometoseethemasdisposable，defeatingtheirverypurpose.Intheend，thebestpracticeforreusablebagsistohavenohalfmeasures:Eitherusethemallthetimeordon'tusethematall.Usingareusablebagonceortwice，andthenthrowingitaway，doesn'tdotheenvironmentanyfavors.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Plasticbagsarerefusedbyenvironmentalists.B.ShopsinAmericahavelimitedtheuseofplasticbags.C.Theneedofstrongandfashionablereusablebagsismorethanthesupply.D.Reusablebagsdemandmoreresourcestoproduceandrecyclethanexpected.38.Thewords“verypurpose"inParagraph6refertotheintentionof__________.A.beingleftinlandfillsB.beingusedasmuchaspossibleC.replacingplasticbagsD.promotinggoodsonthemarket39.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoRecycleReusableBagsB.DisadvantagesofPlasticBagsC.ReusableBags?ThinkTwice!D.PlasticBags，LessPopular?40.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I:IntroductionCP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionA. B.C. D.答案：37.D38.B39.C40.A第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的六个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。KidsneedtomoveinschoolManyyearsago，whenmygirlswereinprimaryschool，theywerecrazyaboutthedancebreakstheywouldoccasionallyhaveduringtheschoolday.Theirteacherswouldputonavideo，whichencouragedthekidstogetupanddance，andthenthey'dgetbacktowork.____41____Manyteachersareincludingsomeformofmovementintotheschoolday.Arecentresearch，publishedinthejournalPediatrics，involvedmorethan10，000childrenbetweentheagesof4and13.____42____SusanKamin，leaderoftheresearch，said，“Activitybreaksduringtheschooldayalsoleadtofewerbehavioralissues，nottomentioncuttingdownonstressandanxiety."BreakthroughMagnetSchool，Connecticut，isinitsthirdyearworkingwiththeNationalAssociationofPhysicalLiteracy.PrincipalJulieGoldsteinsaidherthird-andfourth-graderswhoareactivelyengagedinthephysicalprogrammearethehighest-scoringstudentsinmathandreadinginthedistrict.____43____Forthisschoolyear，notonestudentfromthisgrouphasbeenreferredtoherofficeforaconversation.Beforetheprogramme，shemighthavehadoneortwoofficecoversationswithsomeofthemeverymonth.___44___“Iknowlotsofteacherswhosay，'Yeah，IwishIhadmoretimetodothis，'”Kaminsaid，“Eveninschoolsthatcanfindthetime，thereisstillsomeopposition(反对)becauseit'sadeparturefromthewaythingsusedtobe.It'sabigchangeforsomeoftheteachers.____45____Yettheschoolsthathavemadethechangeseetremendousresults.Sohowdoyoumovetheneedle?"A.Mykids'teachersarecertainlynotalone.B.They'renotsurewhethertomakethatleap.C.Thechallenge，though，ispersuadingmoreschoolstotakeaction.D.Teachchildrenthebasicsofmovementsothattheycanstayactiveforlife.E.Beyondtheacademical(学业的)benefits，therearebenefitsoutsidetheclassroom.F.Itshowsthatkidswhogetextraphysicalactivityinschooldobetterincognitive(认知的)performance.答案：41.A42.F43.E44.C45.B第三节：根据短文内容，回答问题，并将答案写在相应位置。Somewherearoundpuberty(青春期)，achangeinthebodyclockmakesithardforteenstofallasleepasearlyastheyusedto.Thisshiftisnaturalforteens.Butstayingupverylatecanpushateen'sbodyclockoutofsynchronization(同步)withthenaturalcycleoflightanddarkness.Itcanalsomakeithardforteenstogetoutofbedinthemorningandbringotherproblems，too.MaryCarskadon，asleepresearcher，saysthattoolittlesleepcanaffectateen'smoodandabilitytothinkorlearn.Butjustlikeanalarmclock，thebody'sbiologicalclockcanbereset.Infact，itautomaticallyresetsitselfeveryday.How?-byusingthebluelightenteringoureyes-thecolorofthemorningsky.Exposuretomorningsunlightisthebesttosynchronizethebody'sclockwiththeEarth'snatural24-hourcycle.Theproblemis，teensmayhavelimitedexposuretothemorninglight.Often，theyareonabusorinclassduringthepeakmorninghours.Sotogetmorninglight，researcherssuggest，studentsshouldhaveamorningbreak-sometimearound9a.m.or10a.m.togooutdoors.Also，theyshouldtrytospendafewminutesoutsidebeforegoingtoschool.However，forthesamereasonthatbluelightishelpfulinthemorning，itcanbedisruptive(扰乱性的)tothebodyclockwheneyesmeetitatnight.Computerscreens，TVsandotherelectronicdevicesallsendsomebluelight.Sotheiruseatnightcouldunknowinglypushtiredstudentstostayupevenlater.Butthereisalsoasimplesolution:wearingorangegoggles(护目镜).Theymaylookstupid，butthey'llblockoutbluelight.Wornintheevening，blue-blockergogglescanprotectstudentsfromgettingthesignalthatit'sdaytimewheninfactthebodyshouldbewindingdownforsleep.46.Whathappenstoteensatpuberty?47.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?48.Accordingtoresearchers，howcanteensadjusttothenaturaltimecycleinthemorning?49.Whyareorangegogglesadvisedtouseintheevening?50.Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?答案：46.Achangeinthebodyclockmakesithardforteenstofallasleepasearlyastheyusedto.47.Problemscausedbytoolittlesleep/thechangeofthebodyclocktoteens.48.Theycangooutdoorsaround9a.m.or10a.m.andalsospendafewminutesoutsidebeforegoingtoschool.49.Toblockoutbluelightandmaketeensnotgotobedtoolate.50.Tooffersolutionstoproblemscausedbyt