高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

猜测词义

GuessingmeaningsinreadingcomprehensionthinkandguessTranslatethesesentencesHeisa

goodChristian.Heisagoodfather.Heisagoodchild.Heisagoodhusband.Sheisa

goodwife.Sheisagoodteacher.Sheisagoodfriend.他是一名虔诚的教徒。他是一名慈爱的父亲。他是一个听话的孩子。他是一个有责任心的丈夫。她是一个贤惠的妻子。她是一名敬业的老师。她是一个可靠的朋友。HeavynewsHeavyfoodHeavywaterHeavyappearanceHeavysleeperHeavysmoker晴天霹雳热量高的食物硬水粗陋的长相睡觉沉的人烟鬼Hisfatherhasdied.Hisfatherhaspassedaway.Hisoldmanhaskickedthebucket.Hisbelovedfatherhasjoinedtheheavenlychoir.他爹死了。他父亲去世了。他家老爷子蹬腿了。其父已驾鹤西游了。

词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.5.Theunderlined“…”couldbereplaced

by______.......1.Definition定义法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法8.CommonSense普通常识6.WordFormation构词法猜测词义7.Context上下文Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。

(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

(n.

牧羊人)

●信号词：be,becalled,mean,bedefinedas,tobe，referto,beconsideredas,represent,dealwith,or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway，namely,orrather;Punctuationmarks:,̶̶̶̶,()Ex.1

◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.

木匠

动物学家

夜班

2.Contrast对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。信号词:but,however,yet,unlike,otherwise,while,though,despite,inspiteof,incontrast,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA

(v.

不同意)3.Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;极大的)信号词:also,similarly,like,as/so…as,thesameas,justas4.CauseEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

(adj.

大的)信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusEx.3◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.

精明的

修剪5.Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

电器用具)信号词:such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistof6.WordFormation构词法：

英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)inter-（在…之间）

sub-（分支的，底下）co-（共同）

post-(后)trans-（超越;转换）under-（在…之下；低于)superabundant

post-earthquake(过剩的)immeasurable

misapplication(无法计量的)

worthless

non-available(无价值的)microblogunderestimate(微博

)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(震后的)(不能获得的)(误用)(低估)1)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.

A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expectB7.Context

上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。

Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnight．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astar2）Tomsawan

owllastnight．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astarTomsawan

owlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astarAABCAB(n.

猫头鹰)8.Commonsense

普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。

在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉剂(药)Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.vi.收缩了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。TipsInquiry-basedActivities(I)

探究活动(1)Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?猜你没商量!

1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.树枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

3.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活泼的B.好动的C.多嘴多舌的D.可爱的CCB

4.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.爱猫的B.古怪的C.闲不住D.动物保护主义者

5.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱BC6.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysay

thingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyour

Dad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”A.骄傲B.吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚BInquiry-basedActivities(II)

探究活动(2)Passage1

（2012年全国卷II）TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital，AddisAbaba，isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.Whatdothewords"areplica"inParagraph2referto？A.Apaintingoftheskeleton.B.AphotographofLucy.C.Acopyoftheskeleton.D.AwrittenrecordofLucy.CPassage2

（2012年辽宁卷）Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions（使命）oftenworkverylongdays........TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Whatdoestheword“mimic”inParagraph1probablymean?A.FindB.CopyC.ChangeD.LoseBPassage3（2011年广东卷）Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome？......ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog，andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung（lessthan6monthsforcats，ayearfordogs），itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Two-thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.

Theunderlinedword"swimmingly"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto_____.A.early

B.sweetly

C.quickly

D.smoothlyDPassage4

（2012陕西）Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However,itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.

Theunderlinedword“modest”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.relativelyhighB.extremelylowC.relativelylowD.extremelyhighCPassage5

(2012北京）Weekslater,standingbeforethisunfriendlymass,Iwastotallylost.Ohwell,Iloweredthepaperandsatdownatmydesk,burningtofindoutwhatIhaddonewrong.Asaclassmatebeganhisreport,itallbecameclear,“MyreportisonGeorgeWashington,themanwhostartedtheAmericanRevolution.”Thewholeworldbecamequite!HowcouldIknowthatshemeantthatGeorgeWashington?

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