主题阅读02 工作职业(解析版)-【暑假提能】2021年暑假新高二英语素养提升专练之主题阅读系列(全国通用)

优点英语【暑假提能】2021年暑假新高二英语素养提升专练之主题阅读系列(全国通用)主题阅读02工作职业1OnNov2,Williams-Cole,aseniorinterdisciplinary(跨学科的)major,swornin(宣誓就职)asthemayorofCampHill,Alabama,US,makinghimtheyoungestpersoninhistorytoholdtheoffice,accordingtoWVTM13,anNBCaffiliate(分支机构).Williams-Colewasprompted(促使)torunformayorbecausehewantedtobringchangestohishometown,atownoflessthan1000people.ThecitizensofCampHillhaveseenasaddeclineoftheirtownwithmanyemptystorefronts,treesgrowinginsidewhatusedtobebusinessesandweedssprouting(发芽)fromsidewalks,accordingtoWSFA12News,Alabama’ssource.“Mymainthingsistocreateafoundationandclearupanydebtswehavetogetourtownfinanciallystable.”Williams-ColetoldAuburnUniversity.“Whiledoingthat,Iwanttocarryoutthingsthatwillincreaseunityinthetown,likedoingquarterlytownhallmeetingsthataremoreinformalandthatcelebratethecommunity.Weneedtoopenupthefloorforpeopletocomplainiftheywant,becausetheyhavetherighttodothatastaxpayers.”Williams-Colehasdesignedadetailedschedulesothathewouldhaveenoughtimeforbothhisstudiesandhisdutiesasamayor.Hehopestousehiseducationandhispositionasmayortohelpotherpeople,especiallychildren.Hesaidhewouldwanttobecomeanadministratorataboardingschool,whichgiveschildrenholistic(全面的)learningthatisessentialtocontemporarysociety.“Coleisdifferent.”MikeFellows,LeeCountyCircuitCourtJudge,toldAuburnUniversity.”“He’sobviouslywillingtodoalotofextraworktoservehiscommunity.Hecaresenoughtodoit,andIthinkthatsaysalotabouthim.”TheyoungmanissettograduateinMay2021.Heplanstoattendeithergradschoolorlawschool,newsoutletCBSreported.1.WhydidWilliams-Colerunformayor?A.HewantstogetsomeworkexperienceB.Thetown’senvironmentissufferingbadlyC.HewantstocontributetohishometownD.It’sapartofhisgraduationproject.2.WhatdoesWilliams-Coleplantodoafterbeingelected?A.Createopportunitiesforpeopletobeheard.B.Hiremoreteachersatboardingschools.C.Holdregularmeetingswithlocalbusiness.D.Setupnewcompaniestopromoteeconomicdevelopment.3.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesWilliams-Cole?A.DemandingB.PatientC.ResponsibleD.Humorous【答案】1.C2.A3.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国阿拉巴马州坎普希尔市新上任市长的工作愿景。1.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Williams-Colewasprompted(促使)torunformayorbecausehewantedtobringchangestohishometown,atownoflessthan1000people.”可知，Williams-Cole竞选市长主要是想给家乡带来变化，为自己的家乡做贡献，故选C。2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Weneedtoopenupthefloorforpeopletocomplainiftheywant,becausetheyhavetherighttodothatastaxpayers.”（我们需要让人们有机会抱怨，因为作为纳税人，他们有权这样做。）可知，Williams-Cole将倾听民众的心声，故选A。3.推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“Mymainthingsistocreateafoundationandclearupanydebtswehavetogetourtownfinanciallystable.”可知，Cole想要建立一个基金会，清理我们所有的债务；“Weneedtoopenupthefloorforpeopletocomplainiftheywant,becausetheyhavetherighttodothatastaxpayers.”倾听民众的呼声，由此可以判断，Cole是一个有责任心的人。故选C。2FemalescientistswithPhDsearnsubstantiallylessthantheirmalecounterpart(职位相当的人).Asurveytrackedmorethan55,700peoplewhoearnedPhDsbetween2018and2019.Overall,about35%ofallPhDrecipientsreportedhavingapermanentjoblinedupatgraduation,amongwhichmenreportedanaverageannualsalaryof$95,000.Womenreportedasalaryof$72,500,agapof$22,500.Inasimilarsurveyin2020,theoverallgendergapinsalarieswas$18,000.Menwereover-representedinrelativelyhigh-payingfieldssuchascomputerscienceandengineering,butinequalitycontinuedtoexistevenwithinfields.Menwithpermanentjobsinthelifesciences,forexample,reportedanexpectedmediansalaryof$87,000,comparedwith$80,000forwomen.Inmathematicsandcomputerscience,menreportedanexpectedmediansalaryof$125,000;forwomen,thatfigurewas$101,500.Salariesandcareerpathscanvarygreatlyfromonescientificdisciplinetoanother,saysMichaelRoach,aneconomistatCornellUniversity.RoachislookingcloselyintodifferencesincareeroutcomesforUSPhDholders.Roachsaysit’sclearthatwomen,onaverage,earnlessthanmenevenwhenallotherfactorsaretakenintoaccount.Inindustrialresearchanddevelopment,therearedifferencesthatcan’tbeexplainedbyabilityordegreeorthestatusofauniversity.Therootcausesofthosedifferencesremainunclear,Roachsays.Onepossibilityisthatmenaremorewillingtonegotiateforhighersalaries.Roachnotesthatsomewomenmighthavetomakesacrificestostartfamilies,butitwouldbeamistaketoblameallincomegapsonlifestyledecisions.“Alotofmenwanttospendmoretimewiththeirfamiliestoo,”hesays.ThereportshowsthataPhDimprovesoverallcareerandsalaryprospects,buttheactualvalueclearlydependsonthefieldofstudy,thedemandsofthemarketplaceand,forreasonsthatstillaren’tclear,thepersonholdingthedegree.Researchersarestilllookingatthefactorsthatmightkeepwomenfromachievingthesamelevelofsuccessthatequallyqualifiedmenareabletoachieve.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacauseofthesalarydifferences?A.Gender. B.Negotiationskills.C.Thefieldofstudy. D.EarningaPhD.5.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whichofthefollowingislikelytoearnthehighestsalary?A.Amanworkinginmathematics.B.Awomanworkingincomputerscience.C.Amanworkinginthelifesciences.D.Awomanworkinginthelifescience.6.WhatdoesRoachprobablyagreewith?A.Theincomegapsaremainlycausedbylifestyledecisions.B.Lifestyledecisionsmaynotbetheonlycauseofincomegaps.C.Menaremorelikelytospendtimewiththeirfamiliesthanwomen.D.Womenaremorelikelytospendtimewiththeirfamiliesthanmen.7.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Todiscussmethodstopreventsalarydifferences.B.Topraisetheresearchers’effort.C.Toraiseawarenessofgenderpaygap.D.Tostresstheimportanceofeducationalbackgrounds.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【解析】本文为一篇说明文，作者就男女收入差问题进行了介绍和分析。4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段关键句“Onepossibilityisthatmenaremorewillingtonegotiateforhighersalaries.”（一种可能是男性更愿意为更高的薪水进行谈判。）可知，此处作者表达的是协商的意愿造成了薪水的区别，而非协商技能。故选B项。5.推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Menwereover-representedinrelativelyhigh-payingfieldssuchascomputerscienceandengineering,butinequalitycontinuedtoexistevenwithinfields.”（在计算机科学和工程等相对高薪的领域，男性的比例过高，但即便是在各个领域，不平等仍然存在。）及“Menwithpermanentjobsinthelifesciences,forexample,reportedanexpectedmediansalaryof$87,000,comparedwith$80,000forwomen.Inmathematicsandcomputerscience,menreportedanexpectedmediansalaryof$125,000;forwomen,thatfigurewas$101,500.”（例如，在生命科学领域拥有固定工作的男性的预期薪资中值为8.7万美元，而女性为8万美元。在数学和计算机科学领域，男性的预期薪资为12.5万美元；对于女性来说，这个数字是10.15万美元。）可知，数学和计算机领域比生命科学领域收入高，同等专业领域中男性比女性收入高。因此，在数学领域工作的男性更可能赚得最高的工资。故选A项。6.推理判断题。根据文章第四段关键句“Roachnotesthatsomewomenmighthavetomakesacrificestostartfamilies,butitwouldbeamistaketoblameallincomegapsonlifestyledecisions.‘Alotofmenwanttospendmoretimewiththeirfamiliestoo,’hesays.”（罗奇指出，一些女性可能不得不做出牺牲来组建家庭，但将所有收入差距归咎于生活方式的决定是错误的。“很多男人也想花更多的时间和家人在一起，”他说。）可知，罗奇认为生活方式并不是收入差的唯一理由。故选B项。7.推理判断题。根据文章第一段关键句“FemalescientistswithPhDsearnsubstantiallylessthantheirmalecounterpart.”（拥有博士学位的女性科学家的收入远低于男性同行。）并结合全文来看，文章主要是围绕男女收入差的问题进行了介绍和分析，因此，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是提高对性别收入差距的认识。故选C项。3EachyeartheHayFestivalattractssomeoftheworld’sleadingwriters,artistsandthinkers,totalk,sharetheirthoughtsandideasandmeetaudiences.EnsuringguestsarewarmlyreceivedandwelllookedafterduringtheirstayhasalwaysbeenatopmissionandoneoftheFestival’skeyjobs.Alleventsmanagementstudentvolunteersneedtobeattentiveandhelpful.Inreturn,theygetthechancetomeetsomeamazing,creativepeople,andexperiencethedailyrunningofafast-movinginternationalfestival,wheretime-keepingisimportantand,aboveall,performersandaudienceleavehavinghadathoroughlyenjoyable,stimulating(启发性的)andthought-inspiringday.Werequirevolunteersintwoareas:EventsManagementEventsmanagementstudentvolunteershelpoutwithawiderangeofdutiesincludingmeetingandgreetingauthors,assistingwithbooksignings,accompanyingartiststoevents,stagemanagementassistanceandmanningreceptiondesks.CreativeWorkshopsCreativeworkshopsstudentvolunteersassistauthors,illustratorsandworkshopleadersinthesettingupandrunningofworkshops.Theserolesmayinterestthosewhohaveaparticularinterestinvisualartsand/orillustration.DatesThe2021festivaldatesareThursday15July—Sunday25July.Applicantswillneedtobeavailableforthedurationofthefestival.Whocanapply?Wearelookingfor24youngpeoplebetweentheagesof18and25,whocandemonstrateapassionfortheartsandinterestineventsmanagement.PleasesendaCVandashortcoveringlettertoellen@(forEventsManagement)oradrian@(forCreativeWorkshops).Theclosingdateforbothapplicationsis28May2021,andwewillletapplicantsknowwhetherthey’vebeensuccessfulasearlyaspossibleinJune2021.Pleaseindicatewhichroleyouareapplyingfororexpressapreference.Ifshortlisted(入围),you’llneedtobeavailableforashortSkypeinterview.8.WhatisthepriorityoftheHayFestivalsduty?A.Tomeetcreativepeople.B.Toserveguestswell.C.Toreceivemorevisitors.D.Toexchangeideas.9.Whatmustbementionedintheapplicationletter?A.Thedesiredrole.B.AvailableTime.C.Acoveringletter.D.Personalinterests.10.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_________.A.eventsmanagementstudentvolunteersassistauthors,illustratorsandworkshopleadersinthesettingupandrunningofworkshops.B.youngpeoplewhoareenthusiasticaboutartsandeventsmanagementwillhaveanadvantage.C.the2021festivalwilllastabouthalfamonth.D.ifanapplicantisshortlisted,hecanhavethevolunteerjobdirectly.【答案】8.B9.A10.B【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章对HayFestival的志愿者招募进行了详细介绍。8.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“EnsuringguestsarewarmlyreceivedandwelllookedafterduringtheirstayhasalwaysbeenatopmissionandoneoftheFestival'skeyjobs.(确保客人在入住期间受到热情的接待和良好的照顾一直是HayFestivals的首要任务,也是HayFestivals的主要工作之一。)”可知，HayFestivals的优先任务是好好服务客人。故选B。9.细节理解题。根据最后一段倒第二句“Pleaseindicatewhichroleyouareapplyingfororexpressapreference.”(请注明您所申请的职位或表达您的偏好。)可知，所申请的职位必须在申请信中提出。故选A。10.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Wearelookingfor24youngpeoplebetweentheagesof18and25,whocandemonstrateapassionfortheartsandinterestineventsmanagement.(我们正在寻找24位年龄在18至25岁之间，对艺术有热情，对活动管理有兴趣的年轻人。)可知，对艺术和活动管理有热情的年轻人将会有优势。故选B。4IleftuniversitywithagooddegreeinEnglishLiterature,butnosenseofwhatIwantedtodo.Overthenextsixyears,Iwastreadingwater,justtryingtoearnanincome.Itriedjournalism,butIdidn’tthinkIwasanygood,thenfinance,whichIhated.Finally,Igotajobasarightsassistantatafamouspublisher.Ilovedworkingwithbooks,althoughthejobthatIdidwasdull.Ihadenoughsavingstotakeayearoffwork,andIdecidedtotrytosatisfyadeep-downwishtowriteanovel.AttendingaNovelWritingMAcoursegavemethestructureIneededtowritemyfirst55,000words.Ittakesconfidencetomakeanew-startthere’sadarkperiodin-betweenwhereyou’reneitheronethingnortheother.You’reoutfordinnerandpeopleaskwhatyoudo,andyou’retooashamedtosay,“Well,I’mwritinganovel,butI’mnotquitesureifI’mgoingtogetthere.”Myconfidencedived.Believingmynovelcouldnotbepublished,Iputitaside.ThenImetanagen(代理商)whosaidIshouldsendmynovelouttoagents.So,Ididand,tomysurprise,gotsomewonderfulfeedback.IfeltalittlehopethatImightactuallybecomeapublishedwriterand,aftersigningwithanagent,Ifinishedthesecondhalfofthenovel.Thenextproblemwasfindingapublisher.Aftertwo-and-a-halfyearsofnoincome,justwaitingandwondering,apublisherofferedmeabookdeal—thatpublisherturnedouttobetheoneIonceworkedfor.Itfeelslikeanunbelievablestrokeofluck—offate,really.Whenyousetouttodosomethingdifferent,there’snoendinsight,sotofindmyselfinapositionwhereInowhavemyownnameonacontract(合同)ofthepublisher—tobeapublishedwriter—isunbelievablyrewarding(有回报的).11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph？A.Iwasseekingtofindanadmirablejob. B.Iwaswaitingforgoodfortune.C.Iwasbeingaimlessaboutanappropriatejob. D.Iwasdoingseveraljobsformoreatatime.12.Whydidtheauthorbegintowriteanovel?A.Becausetheauthorwantedtofinishthewritingcourse.B.Becausetheauthoraimedtofulfillhisdream.C.Becausetheauthorwouldliketomeetreaders’needs.D.Becausetheauthorintendedtoearnmoremoney.13.Howdidtheauthorfeelhalfwaywiththenovel?A.Unsure B.Ashamed C.Confident D.Embarrassed14.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Goodluckmakesadifference.B.Hardworkcanleadtosuccess.C.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.D.Itpaystosticktoone'sdream.【答案】11.C12.B13.A14.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者大学毕业时获得英国文学学位,但是不知道自己该干什么。做过一些工作后明白自己还是乐意与书打交道,接着就是写小说、找代理人、签约、找出版商，最后终于成为一名作家。11.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“IleftuniversitywithagooddegreeinEnglishLiterature,butnosenseofwhatIwantedtodo…Finally,Igotajobasarightsassistantatafamouspublisher.（我在大学毕业时获得了英国文学的好学位，但对自己想做什么一无所知。在接下来的六年里，我一直在原地踏步，只是想挣点收入。我尝试过新闻业，但我觉得自己一点也不在行;然后是我讨厌的金融行业。最后，我在一家著名的出版社找到了一份权利助理的工作。）”可推知，作者对合适的工作没有目标。故选C。12.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Idecidedtotrytosatisfyadeep-downwishtowriteanovel.（我决定试着满足自己写小说的内心愿望。）”可推知，作者写小说是为了实现他的梦想。故选B。13.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I’mwritinganovel,butI'mnotquitesureifI'mgoingtogetthere（我正在写一部小说，但我不太确定我是否能写得那样好）”可知，作者在写小说的过程中并不确定是否能达到目标。故选A。14.主旨大意题。文章讲述作者大学毕业时获得英国文学学位,但是不知道自己该干什么。做过一些工作后明白自己还是乐意与书打交道,接着就是写小说、找代理人、签约、找出版商，最后终于成为一名作家。结合最后一段的“sotofindmyselfinapositionwhereInowhavemyownnameonacontract(合同)ofthepublisher—tobeapublishedwriter—isunbelievablyrewarding(有回报的).（发现自己现在处在一个在出版社的合同上有自己的名字的位置——成为一名出版作家——是难以置信的回报）”可知，通过坚持和努力找到自己的位置是值得的,D选项“Itpaystosticktoone'sgoal(坚持自己的目标是值得的)”符合文章主旨。故选D。5HousekeepingServices—Theyarelookingforaresponsible,professional,detail-oriented,experiencedhousekeepertotakecareofallcleaningdetailsofalocalbusinessinAngwin.Thispersonwillbeneededapproximately2-3timesperweekforabout8hoursperday.Pleaseemailthemforadditionalinformationandbereadytoprovideresumeandworkhistory.Driver’slicenserequiredandtheabilitytoliftatleast50pounds.Paywillbe$20-$25perhour.Tocontactthem,emailrecruitingangwin@.CaregiverPosition—Lookingforacaregivertohelpwitha91-year-oldwomanwholivesinCalistoga.ShespeaksbothEnglishandSpanish,butSpanishisherpreference.Shesleepsquiteabitduringthedaysothereistimetodohomework.Shecannotbeleftalonebecausesheisafallrisk.Shewalkswithawalkeronherown.Pleasecall9257858500ifinterested.WorshipMusicLeader—FirstPresbyterianChurch(FPC)inNapaislookingforsomeonewhowillselectsongsandusemediaforchurchservicesonSundays.Applicantsmustbeabletocommit8-10hoursperweekforserviceandmeetingsaswellasbeingavailableeverySundayfrom9:00amto12:00pm.Thepayisabout$18anhour.DetailedjobinformationwillbepostedonthePayrollOffice’swindow.Ifinterested,sendyourcoverletterandresumetoDavidStokeratdavid@.CateringCompany—OakAvenueisapremiercateringcompanyinSt.Helenasearchingforpassionatepeopletojointheirtalentedteamofchefsandserviceprofessionals.Hoursareflexibleandcanworkaroundstudents’schedules.Part-timepositionsavailableforaspiring(有抱负的)chefs,bakers,servicehelpers,andcaptains.PleasesendabriefcoverletterandresumetoMaritza@orcall7079639278formoreinformation.15.Toworkasahousekeeper,oneneedsto_________.A.bequalifiedtodriveB.bealocalinAngwinC.workabout8hoursperweekD.beabletospeaktwolanguages16.Whatdoweknowaboutthecaregiverposition?A.TheapplicanthadbetterspeakSpanish.B.TheapplicantmustspeakEnglishverywell.C.Theapplicantcannotdohomeworkwhileonduty.D.Theapplicantcanleavethewomanaloneoccasionally.17.Ifyouwanttobecomeagreatbaker,whichshouldyoucontact?A.9257858500.B.7079639278.C.David@.D.Recruitingangwin@.【答案】15.A16.A17.B【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个兼职工作。15.细节理解题。由HousekeepingServices部分中的“Driver’slicenserequired”可知，该工作要求申请者有驾驶证。故选A。16.细节理解题。由CaregiverPosition部分中的“ShespeaksbothEnglishandSpanish,butSpanishisherpreference.”她会同时说英语和西班牙语，但她更喜欢说西班牙语。可知，申请者最好会说西班牙语。故选A。17.细节理解题。由CateringCompany部分中的“Part-timepositionsavailableforaspiring(有抱负的)chefs,bakers,servicehelpers,andcaptains.”兼职职位提供给有抱负的厨师、面包师、服务助手和船长，以及“call7079639278”。如果你想成为一个出色的面包师，你应该打7079639278。故选B。6Forthepastdecade,NoutsadyhasbeenworkingwiththePowerConstructionCorporationofChina(POWERCHINA)andgrownintoanexperiencedandreliablestaffmemberofitsLaos'branchcompany.Noutsady,bornin1986incentralLaos'hillyHinHeupDistrict,wenttothecapitalVientianealoneattheageof21tolookforajobandgoonwithherstudy.In2009,withsoundknowledgeofaccountingandfavorableEnglishcommunicationskills,shestoodoutfrommanyapplicantsandbecameanemployeeofPOWERCHINA'sLaoCementIndustryCo.,Lid.Noutsadyshowedhertalentandabilitysoonintheaccountingposition,completingnearly200paymentsformorethan50downstreamcarrierseverymonth,timelyandaccurately.WorkingandspendingtimetogetherhasbroughtNoutsadyandherChinesecolleaguescloser."IfeelgreatwithPOWERCHINA,andIwilltrytoachievethesamelikePOWERCHINAto'keeppromisesandmakepromisesvaluable'andstartanewlifehere,"Noutsadytoldreporters.Whentalkingaboutthecementproductsofthecompany,Noutsadyisfullofpride."WeareoneoftheearliestcementproducersinLaos,"shesaid."Fromthemanyhydropowerplantsaroundthecountrytothebroad450thAnniversaryAvenueinthecapitalandthesplendidLaoNationalConventionCenter,evenmanyhousebuildingsinmyhometown,ourcementisused."Inthelastdecade,theLaoladyhasnotonlyseenthedevelopmentofthecementcompany,butalsosetupherownsmallfamily.Now,Noutsadyliveswithherdaughterinacomfortableapartmentprovidedbythecompany.Attheendof2019,shewashonoredasanoutstandingforeignemployeeofPOWERCHINA."AnothernewdecadehasbegunandIwillvalueitevenmore,lovingmydaughte