中西文化鉴赏 通识课课件 3.1 建筑功能

中西文化鉴赏AppreciationofChineseandWesternCulturesUnit3TheArtofArchitecture（建筑艺术）课程信息章节教学目标中西文化鉴赏AppreciationofChineseandWesternCulturesUnit3TheArtofArchitecture（建筑艺术）文化拓展思政映射章节主题Focusofthisunit

TheArtofArchitecture（建筑艺术）Thetypes,featuresandaestheticsofChineseandwesternarchitecture中西建筑的分类、特征以及美学知识能力思政abilitygoals

ideologicalandpoliticaleducationgoals

tolearnsystematicallyChineseculturalknowledge系统学习中国文化知识toimprovecross-culturalcommunicationskills提高跨文化交际能力tounderstandthespiritualcoreoftheChinesenationreflectedinculturalthemes领会文化主题反映出的中华民族精神内核knowledgegoals

KnowledgegoalstolearntheEnglishexpressionsandbasicfeaturesrelatedtoChineseandwesternarchitecture掌握中西建筑基本特点及相关术语的英语表达AbilitygoalstobeabletocommunicateaccuratelyonculturaltopicsinEnglish能够使用英语就文化主题进行准确沟通和交流Ideologicalandpoliticaleducationgoalstounderstandthephilosophicalthoughtof"harmonybetweenmanandnature"containedinChinesearchitecture中国建筑“天人合一”的哲学思想tolearnthehistory,inheritanceanddevelopmentofChinesearchitectureandunderstandthetraditionalChineseaethetics通过学习中国建筑的历史、传承与发展，领会中华传统美学toinheritcraftsmanspirit传承“工匠精神”3.1TheDiversityofArchitecturalFunctions3.1TheDiversityofArchitecturalFunctionsLead-in（导入）：Brainstorming（头脑风暴）:

Q1:CanyounamesomewellknownChineseandwesternbuildings?Q2:Whataretheirfunctions?Itissaidthatarchitectureisnotonlyafrozenartbutalsoasymboloflandmarkofhumancivilizationofanationoranethnicgroup.Inthisepisode,we’llexploreandappreciatethediversityofarchitecturalfunctions.3.1.1TheFunctionofTypicalFolkHouses

1)CavesManlivedincavesinordertoprotectthemselvesfromwind,rain,stormsandwildanimalsinprehistorictimes.Sincehumanbeingsenteredthecivilizedsociety,differenttypesandstylesofdwellingshavebeenconstructedandapplied.NowadayscavesarestillusedasdwellinginShaanxiProvince,GuansuProvince,HenanProvinceandShanxiProvinceinChina.Theykeeppeoplefromheatinsummerandcoldinwinter.ThereareothertypicaltraditionalfolkhousesinancienttownsinChina,suchasZhouzhang,Wuzhen,FenghuangandLijiang.

ZhouzhuangFenghuang2)FamousArchitecturialStylesinChinaGenerallyspeaking,thereareeightfamousarchitecturalstylesinChina.Amongthem,sevenarefolkhouses.TheyarecourtyardbuildingsinNorthofChina,Hui-stylearchitectureinAnhuiProvince,JiangnanFolkHousesinSouthofChina,Lingnanarchitecture,Shanghaiarchitecture,WesternSichuanFolkHousesandQiongLongarchitectureinSichuanProvince.FamousArchitecturialStylesinChina

CourtyardBuildingsinNorthofChina

Hui-styleArchitectureinAnhuiProvinceJiangnanFolkHousesinSouthofChinaLingnanArchitectureShanghaiArchitectureWesternSichuanFolkHousesQiongLongArchitectureinSichuanProvince3)TypicalFolkHousesinWesternCountriesTypicalFolkHousesinWesternCountriesincludetheMediterraneanarchitecture,Spanisharchitecture,GothicarchitectureandEnglisharchitectureandsoon.TheMediterraneanArchitecture

SpanishArchitecture

GothicArchitectureEnglishArchitecture4)ModernBuildingsWiththeincreaseofpopulationandthedevelopmentoftechnology,thestylesoffolkhouseshavechangeddramaticallyinthepastdecades.Numeroustallapartmentbuildingswithelevatorsareconstructedbecausetheycanaccommodatemoreresidentsinlargecities.

ModernFolkHouses3.1.2TheFunctionofReligiousWorshipTemplesandpagodasaresignificantarchitectureforworshipinChina.Comparativelycathedralsandchurchesareofgreatimportanceinwesterncountries.Forexample,therearetheConfuciusTempleinQufuShandongProvince,theShaolinTempleinZhengzhouHenanProvince,theWhiteHorseTempleinLuoyangHenanProvinceinChina.TherearetheTempleofZeusandtheParthenoninancientGreece,thePantheoninancientRome,theWestminsterAbbeyandStPaul’sCathedralinLondon,theGreatBritain.TheFunctionofReligiousWorship

TheConfuciusTempleinQufuShandongProvinceTheShaolinTempleinZhengzhouHenanProvinceTheWhiteHorseTempleinLuoyangHenanProvinceTheTempleofZeusinAncientGreeceTheParthenoninAncientGreeceThePantheoninancientRomeTheWestminsterAbbeyStPaul’sCathedral3.1.3TheFunctionofGovernmentBuildingsSomearchitecturesareservedasvenuesofgovernments,suchastheWhiteHouse,CapitolBuildingintheUnitedStates,theBuckinghamPalaceandtheParliamentbuildingintheGreatBritain.TheFunctionofGovernmentBuildings

TheWhiteHouseCapitolBuildingintheU.S.TheBuckinghamPalacetheParliamentBuildingintheU.K.3.1.4TheFunctionofPublicBuildingsThepublicbuildings,suchaslibraries,museums,artgalleries,concerthallsandstadiumsareofgreatsignificanceofacountry.Theyarebuiltorsponsoredbygovernmentorcompanies.Someofthemopentothepublicforfreeinsomecountries.Wearegoingtoappreciatesomeofthesearchitectures,suchasNationalMuseumofChina,ChinaGrandTheaterinBeijing,theBritishMuseumintheUK,theLouvreinFranceandtheMetropolitanMuseuminNewYork.TheFunctionofPublicBuildings

NationalMuseumofChinaChinaGrandTheaterinBeijing

TheBritishMuseuminUKTheLouvreinFranceTheMetropolitanMuseuminNewYork3.1.5TheFunctionofMonumentsSomebuildingsarebuilttocommemoratesomegreatleadersorheroesinthehistory,suchastheMonumenttothePeople’sHeroesinBeijing,WashingtonMonument,LincolnMemorialHallandJeffersonMemorialHallinWashingtonD.C.TheFunctionofMonuments

TheMonumenttothePeople’sHeroesinBeijingWashingtonMonumentLincolnMemorialHallJeffersonMemorialHall3.1.6TheFunctionofProjects&WorksSomeprojectsandworkswerebuiltfordifferentuses.TheGreatWallwasusedasadefenseworksinChinesehistory.RomanAqueductisaprojectforirrigationbuiltinancientRome.TheGreatPyramidwasbuiltasatombforPharaohinEgypt.TheFunctionofProjects&Works

TheGreatWallRomanAqueductTheGreatPyramid3.1.7TheFunctionofCommerceModernplazasandShoppingMallsarebothinChinaandinwesterncountries.TheWandaPlazascanbeseenalmostalloverChina.Skyscrapersofluxurioushotelsofficebuildingsandhospitalsareerectedinbigcitiesallovertheworld.TheFunctionofCommerce

WandaPlazasLuxuriousHotels

OfficeBuildings

Hospitals3.1.8TheFunctionofAcademyTherearefourfamousancientacademiesinChinesehistory.TheyareYingtianAcademyinHenanProvince,SongyangAcademyinHenanProvince,BailudongAcademyinJiangxiProvinceandYueluAcademyinHunanProvince.TheFunctionofAcademy

YingtianAcademyinHenanProvinceSongyangAcademyinHenanProvinceBailudongAcademyinJiangxiProvinceYueluAcademyinHunanProvince3.1.9TheFunctionofLandmarkSomearchitecturesareknownfortheirfunctionasasymboloralandmarkortimesofanationoranethnicgroup,forinstance,theOrientalPearlTowerinShanghaiinChina,BigBenandLondonBridgeintheUK,NotreDamedeParisinFrance,thePisaTowerandTheColosseuminItalyandSydneyOperaHouseinAustralia.TheFunctionofLandmark

TheTempleofHeavenTheForbiddenCityTheOrientalPearlTowerinShanghaiBigBenLondonBridgeNotreDamedeParisinFranceThePisaTowerTheColosseumSydneyOperaHouseSummaryTheFunctionofTypicalFolkHousesinChinaTheFunctionofReligiousWorshipTheFunctionofGovernmentBuildingsTheFunctionofPublicBuildingsTheFunctionofMonumentsTheFunctionofProjects&WorksTheFunctionofCommerceTheFunctionofAcademyTheFunctionofLandmark【KnowledgeDevelopment】（知识拓展）

世界建筑界与中国建筑界主要奖项普利兹克建筑奖（PritzkerArchitecturePrize）是建筑界著名奖项。1979年由杰伊·普利兹克和他的妻子辛蒂发起，被称为建筑界的诺贝尔奖，除了为获奖者颁发获奖证书和铜质奖章外，还奖励10万美元奖金。普利兹克建筑奖每年在世界范围内评选一位为建筑做出突出贡献的、在世的建筑师，并由美国总统颁发并致颁奖词。知名度比较高的美国华裔建筑师贝聿铭、中国建筑师王澍都曾获得此奖。密斯·凡·德罗奖（EuropeanUnionPrize-MiesvanderRoheAward）是另外一项在当代建筑界声誉极高的建筑奖。1986年设立，就已建成建筑评奖，每两年评选一次，参评作品通常是在欧洲建成的建筑作品。美国建筑师协会金奖(AIA)，1907年设立，由美国建筑师协会每年进行颁发，是当代美国建筑界的最高奖项，通常是为了表彰那些“对建筑的理论和实践有持久影响的建筑师”。英国皇家建筑协会奖RIBA奖（TheRoyalInstituteofBritishArchitects，简称RIBA）1834年设立，是另外一项重量级建筑奖。国内著名的建筑奖有梁思成建筑奖，2000年由中华人民共和国建设部和中国建筑学会创立，每两年评选一次，以中国近代著名的建筑家与教育家梁思成先生命名。梁思成先生参与设计的有作品有中华人民共和国国徽、人民英雄纪念碑和扬州鉴真纪念堂等等。他也是清华大学等国内知名大学的建筑系的创办者。此外他出版了很多建筑学类理论著作。他的妻子林徽因也参与人民英雄纪念碑的设计。梁思成建筑奖的设立意在鼓励中国建筑师在建筑设计方面不断创新，为提高中国建筑设计整体水平做出贡献。首届梁思成建筑奖的获得者即为中国工程院院士何镜堂，其设计作品的有深圳科学馆、上海世博会中国国家馆、侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆等等。

此外，还有中国建设工程鲁班奖（国家优质工程）（ChinaConstructionEngineeringLubanPrize（NationalPrime-qualityProject）），简称鲁班奖，是中国建筑行业工程质量的最高荣誉奖。1987年设立，每两年评选一次。

Usefulexpressionsarchitecture建筑cave窑洞courtyardbuildings

四合院Hui-stylearchitecture

徽派建筑JiangnanFolkHouses

江南民居Lingnanarchitecture

岭南建筑Shanghaiarchitecture

海派建筑WesternSichuanFolkHouses

川西民居QiongLongarchitecture

川西邛笼建筑TheConfuciusTemple

孔庙TheShaolinTemple

少林寺TheWhiteHorseTemple

白马