2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题板块2第3讲构词法教师用书新人教版

第3讲构词法考点1形容词变副词的规律1．一般情况加ly。如：real→really;careful→carefully;polite→politely;quick→quickly2．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，将y改为i，再加ly。如：angry→angrily;busy→busily;heavy→heavily3．以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probable→probably;possible→possibly4．部分以“辅音字母＋e”结尾的词，去掉e再加ly。如：true→truly5．以ic结尾的，加ally。如：basic→basically；energetic→energetically有的名词＋ly→形容词，如：friend→friendly;day→daily考点2动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词ableaccept→acceptable可接受的；comfort→comfortable舒适的；fashion→fashionable时髦的almusic→musical音乐的；origin→original最初的；person→personal个人的；私人的fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的；forget→forgetful健忘的；harm→harmful有害的ibleaccess→accessible易得到的；horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的；response→responsible有责任的；负责的iveeffect→effective有效的；生效的；attract→attractive有吸引力的；impress→impressive给人深刻印象的ouscontinue→continuous不断的；持续的；anxiety→anxious忧虑的；curiosity→curious好奇的sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的；trouble→troublesome麻烦的ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的；health→healthy健康的；wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的erneast→eastern东方的；向东的ishchild→childish孩子气的；fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的；self→selfish自私的icscience→scientific科学的；economy→economic经济的；history→historic历史上著名的aryimagine→imaginary想象中的考点3动词变名词的后缀后缀例词alapprove→approval赞成；批准；arrive→arrival到来；到达；survive→survival幸存anceenceappear→appearance出现；外貌；perform→performance表演；节目；exist→existence存在；生存；prefer→preference偏爱ion；tion；ationcompete→competition比赛；竞争；invite→invitation邀请；请柬；explain→explanation解释(ss)iondiscuss→discussion讨论；辩论；decide→decision决定；admit→admission接纳；准许入学inghear→hearing听力；听觉；begin→beginning开始mentachieve→achievement功绩；成就；argue→argument辩论；论据；treat→treatment对待；治疗ureturefail→failure失败；未做；press→pressure压力；mix→mixture混合；混合物yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈；discover→discovery发现其他choose→choice选择；vary→variety多样化；种类；tend→tendency趋向；趋势考点4形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshort→shortage不足；短缺cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效；fluent→fluency流利；流畅；private→privacy隐私；私密domfree→freedom自由；自在；wise→wisdom明智；智慧cedifferent→difference差异；silent→silence沉默nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点；kind→kindness仁慈；好意；careless→carelessness粗心大意thgrow→growth成长；生长；warm→warmth温暖；热情ytyitydifficult→difficulty困难；safe→safety安全；real→reality现实考点5表示人的后缀后缀例词erteach→teacher老师；village→villager村民；strange→stranger陌生人；(注意：cook→cooker炉灶，炉具)arlie→liar说谎者eeemploy→employee受雇者；雇员；interview→interviewee被面试者；train→trainee受训练的人；学员orinvent→inventor发明家；act→actor男演员；educate→educator教育家；教师essact→actress女演员；host→hostess女主人；女主持人eseChina→Chinese中国人；Japan→Japanese日本人nAmerica→American美国人；Australia→Australian澳大利亚人ianmusic→musician音乐家；history→historian历史学家；politics→politician政治家；政客istnovel→novelist小说家；special→specialist专家；tour→tourist旅行者；观光者antserve→servant仆人；participate→participant参加者；assist→assistant助手；助理考点6表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀disagree→disagree不同意advantage→disadvantage缺点illegal→illegal不合法的logical→illogical不合逻辑的impolite→impolite无礼的patient→impatient不耐烦的informal→informal非正式的convenient→inconvenient不方便的irregular→irregular不规则的responsible→irresponsible不负责任的mislead→mislead误导understand→misunderstand误解nonsmoker→nonsmoker不吸烟者stop→nonstop直达的unusual→unusual不寻常的willing→unwilling不愿意的后缀lesshope→hopeless绝望的end→endless没完没了的考点7变动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀enable→enable使能够large→enlarge扩大rich→enrich使充实后缀enbroad→broaden(使)变宽ripe→ripen(使)成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽ifyclass→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化iseapology→apologise道歉emphasis→emphasise强调考点8-ed形容词和-ing形容词一些动词，如amaze,move,excite,disappoint,encourage,puzzle,surprise,confuse,interest,satisfy,please,shock,astonish,disturb,bore等，其-ing形式和-ed形式都能转化为形容词。Thestorywasverymovingandweweredeeplymoved．这个故事非常感人，我们都被深深地感动了。此类形容词作定语修饰表情和声音时的区别：动词-ing形式用来说明主语的特性，表示该表情或声音令人怎么样，因此译作“令人……的”；动词-ed形式用来说明发出该表情或声音的人所处的一种状态。Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．(2022·全国甲卷)Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmoremeaningful(meaning)．2．(2022·浙江卷1月)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly(rough)200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—havepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago．3．(2021·浙江卷6月)In1844theyboughtitfor$1，200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheirmarriage(marry)ceremonyin1842．4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb．Itwillundoubtedly(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!5．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,wealthy(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart．Ⅱ．语法填空(2022·厦门模拟)ManyexcellentwarshipcrewshavebeentrainedontheaircraftcarrierLiaoning．Astheonlyfemaledeckoperationofficeronit,RemilaDabulofKazakethnicity(哈萨克族),whosestory1．wasreported(report)bythemediainJanuary,hasattractedmuchpublicattention．Beforeworkingonthedeck,Remilawasaradarandtelephone2．operator(operate)．ButwhenshefirstsawaJ-15fightertakingoff,theideaofworkingalongsideitcrossedhermind．3．Soeagerwasshetobeacrewmemberthatsheovercamemanydifficultiesandultimatelybecame4．qualified(qualify)．Duringherwork,Remilawearsabluehelmet,goggles,andbluesuits．AfteraJ-15lands,5．whatsheneedstodoiscarrytheheavywireafter6．getting(get)signalsandruntothefightertotakeaseriesofactionsforaquickinstallation．“Thehigherriskourworkis,the7．firmer(firm)beliefweshouldhave，”saidRemila．Shehasputherbelief8．intopracticeinherdailysecurityandguaranteework．Thisyear,Remilaspenther9．fifth(five)SpringFestivalaboardthecarrier．Remilasaid,“ImissmyparentsinXinjiang．Ilovemycareerand10．am(be)willingtoshouldertheresponsibilitytosafeguardthehappinessandpeacefullifeofmillionsoffamiliesinthemotherland．”Ⅲ．写作运用根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中的词性转换。DearTom，Atpresent，therearemanyforeignerslearningChinese,becauseChina1．isplayinganimportant