对外经济贸易大学英语学院《761基础英语》历年考研真题及详解

目录

2001年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2002年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2003年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2004年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2005年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2006年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2007年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2008年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2009年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2010年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2011年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2012年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2013年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2014年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2015年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761

基础英语考研真题及详解

2001年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761基础英语考研真题及详解

PartOe:Vocabulary

I.Checkthewordorphraseyoubelieveisclosestinmeaningtothekey

word.(7.5%)

l.Ravage

A.toenrage

B.toplunder

C.todevour

D.towearaway

【答案】B

【解析】ravage毁坏，掠夺。plunder抢劫，掠夺。devour（火灾等）毁

灭，破坏。wearaway磨损，（时间）消逝。

2．Edify

A.toscold

B.topraise

C.toimproveandenlighten

D.tohaveexceptionalpleasurefrom

【答案】C

【解析】edify教导，启发。enlighten启发，启蒙。scold责骂，斥责。

praise称赞，歌颂。exceptional例外的，特殊的。

3．Haggle

A.towrangleordispute

B.toscold

C.tolie

D.tobeg

【答案】A

【解析】haggle（就价格、条件等）争论，讨价还价。wrangle争论，争

吵；dispute辩论，争执。scold责骂，斥责。

4．Curtail

A.tocurlorintertwine

B.todepriveof

C.toconfuse

D.tocutshort

【答案】D

【解析】curtail缩减，减少。cutshort缩减，截短。curl（使）卷曲。

intertwine（使）缠绕。depriveof剥夺，使丧失。

5．Supplicate

A.tostrangle

B.togrowweak

C.tobeghumble

D.tocurse

【答案】C

【解析】supplicate哀求，祈求。beghumble谦卑地请求。strangle勒死，

绞杀。curse诅咒，咒骂。

6．Extol

A.toannounce

B.tocollect

C.toscoldorharass

D.topraise

【答案】D

【解析】extol赞美。praise称赞，歌颂。announce宣布。scold责骂；

harass烦恼。

7．Facilitate

A.totease

B.tomakeeasy

C.topretend

D.tocongratulate

【答案】B

【解析】facilitate使容易，使便利。makeeasy使轻松，变得容易。tease

取笑，欺负。pretend假装，装扮。congratulate祝贺，庆祝。

8．Cavort

A.toprancearound

B.tofling

C.tofindfaultwith

D.toenjoyinacarefreemanner

【答案】A

【解析】cavort腾跃。prance腾跃，欢跃。fling猛投，抛，掷。findfault

with挑剔，找…的毛病。carefree轻松愉快的，不负责的。

9．Sully

A.tokeephidden;makesecret

B.tohinder

C.todefile;soil

D.toputtheblameonsomeone

【答案】C

【解析】sully弄脏，玷污（名誉等）。defile玷污，亵渎；soil弄脏，污

辱。hinder妨碍，阻止。puttheblameonsomeone把责任推到别人的头

上。

10．Usurp

A.tochargehighinterestrates

B.tointrudeupon

C.todisturb

D.toseizepowerorposition

【答案】D

【解析】usurp篡夺，侵占。chargehighinterestrates以高利率计费。

intrudeupon打扰，侵入。disturb扰乱，妨碍。

11．Goad

A.toannoy

B.toinciteorspur

C.toargue

D.tobeg

【答案】B

【解析】goad驱策，激励。incite激励，煽动；spur鞭策，刺激。annoy

招惹，使烦恼。argue争论，说服。

12．Augment

A.tourge

B.todispute

C.topromise

D.toincrease;addto

【答案】D

【解析】augment增加，增大。urge催促，力劝。dispute争论，反对。

13．Inundate

A.toflood;deluge

B.tobreakdown

C.toretreat

D.toenterintoanagreement

【答案】A

【解析】inundate淹没，泛滥。deluge淹，浸。breakdown失败，毁坏。

retreat撤退，退却。enterintoanagreement达成一致，订约。

14．Waive

A.toforgo

B.todemand

C.tolookfor

D.tobeirresolute

【答案】A

【解析】waive放弃。forgo作罢，放弃。irresolute犹豫不决的。

15．Confound

A.toimpress

B.tobringtogether

C.tofrustrate

D.toconfuse;perplex

【答案】D

【解析】confound混淆，使迷惑。confuse迷惑，使糊涂；perplex困惑。

impress使铭记，留下印象。bringtogether使和解。frustrate挫败，使泄

气。

II.Checkthewordorphraseyoubelieveisbesttofinintheblankineach

sentence.(7.5%)

1．Theteacher________thedozingstudenttopayattention.

A.admonished

B.administered

C.adjudicated

D.adjusted

【答案】A

【解析】admonish训诫，警告。administer管理，执行。adjudicate判

决，裁定。adjust调整，校准。

2．Hisexplanationdidnot________ofanymisunderstanding.

A.permeate

B.permit

C.perplex

D.perpetrate

【答案】B

【解析】permit允许，容许。permeate透入。perplex困惑。perpetrate犯

（罪，错误），行诈。

3．Hefollowedhis________andgavethestrangeralift.

A.impulsion

B.impulse

C.conscientious

D.conscious

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他本着良心，对陌生人施以援手。conscientious有

（凭）良心的，诚心诚意的。impulsion冲动。impulse冲动，推动力。

conscious有意识的，有知觉的。

4．Manyalcoholicsare________drinkers.

A.compatible

B.competent

C.competitive

D.compulsive

【答案】D

【解析】compulsive强迫（性）的，不由自主的。compatible协调的，

一致的。competent有能力的，胜任的。competitive竞争的。

5．Thecomputerwas________alowbuzz.

A.dismissing

B.emitting

C.admitting

D.omitting

【答案】B

【解析】emit发出，辐射。dismiss解散，让离开。admit容许，承认。

omit省略，疏忽。

6．Shehasafriendly,________personality.

A.genuine

B.genitive

C.generative

D.genial

【答案】D

【解析】genial亲切的。genuine真实的，诚恳的。genitive领属关系的。

generative生产的，再生的。

7．Thewoundedmanclungtolife________.

A.tenaciously

B.tantalizingly

C.tenably

D.tendentiously

【答案】A

【解析】tenaciously顽强地。tantalizingly……得令人着急。tenably合理

地，可维持地。tendentiously有倾向地，有偏见地。

8．Idon’tseehowyourstatement________tomyquestion.

A.retains

B.detains

C.pertains

D.abstains

【答案】C

【解析】pertain适合，属于。retain保持，保留。detain拘留，留住。

abstain戒除，放弃。

9．Anneloudly________herbeliefsintoeveryconversation.

A.obtrudes

B.obsesses

C.obviates

D.obtains

【答案】A

【解析】obtrude强行，强加。obsess迷住，使困扰。obviate消除，排

除。obtain获得。

10．Tombragsabouthiswork,buthisbossconsidershima________.

A.nonsense

B.nonevent

C.nonentity

D.nonchalant

【答案】C

【解析】nonentity不存在的东西，无足轻重的人。nonsense谬论，无意

义的事。nonevent大肆宣扬即将来临而并未发生的事。nonchalant冷淡

的，若无其事的。

11．Ed’swifehasawayofbreakingintoseriousconversationswith

_______smalltalk.

A.impertinent

B.pertinacious

C.pertinent

D.impertinacious

【答案】A

【解析】句意：Ed的妻子有一种习惯，就是用不相关的闲聊来打断严肃

的谈话。impertinent无关的，不恰当的。pertinacious固执的，难消除

的。pertinent有关的，中肯的。impertinacious为生造词。

12．Thepowertoconfirmpresidentialappointments________inthe

Senate.

A.reseats

B.reserves

C.resides

D.resits

【答案】C

【解析】句意：对总统的任命给予批准的权力归属于参议院。

reside（权力等）属于。reseat使复位，使再坐。reserve储备，保存。

resit（考试不及格后）再考，重考。

13．TheNileRiver________siltovertheagestoformadelta.

A.deposited

B.demoted

C.deported

D.depraved

【答案】A

【解析】句意：尼罗河常年的泥沙沉淀形成了三角洲。deposit沉淀，堆

积。demote使降级。deport将……驱逐出境。deprave使堕落，使腐败。

14．Hewaselectedbya________ofthetwopoliticalparties.

A.infusion

B.fusion

C.confusion

D.injunction

【答案】B

【解析】fusion（政党的）联合。infusion注入，灌输。confusion混乱，

混淆。injunction禁令。

15．Hehadwrittena________ofasymphonybeforehisdeath.

A.fragment

B.fraction

C.fiction

D.diction

【答案】A

【解析】fragment碎片，片断，(文艺作品等)未完成的部分。fraction小

部分，分数。fiction虚构，小说。diction措辞，用语。

PartTwo:Usage

I.Ineachofthesentencesbelow,choosethewordinparenthesesthatis

correctorpreferredusage.(15%)

1．Theweatherforecastsaysitis(apt,likely,liable)toraintoday.

【答案】likely

【解析】句意：天气预报说今天可能会下雨。

2．Sheisan(alumnus,alumni,alumna,alumnae)ofthelocalcollege.

【答案】alumna

【解析】alumna女毕业生，女校友。句意：她是一名当地学院的毕业

生。

3．Thewordredhasanunpleasant(connotation,denotation)formany

people.

【答案】connotation

【解析】句意：“Red”这个词对很多人来说包含令人不愉快的内涵。

4．(Becauseof,Dueto)thebadweather,wearrivedlate.

【答案】Dueto

【解析】句意：都因为这糟糕的天气，我们迟到了。dueto因为，由

于。常指这个原因会造成不好的结果。

5．Onecouldsaythatallcatsare(egoists,egotists).

【答案】egoists

【解析】句意：可以说所有的猫都是自我主义者。

6．Theaudienceyawnedandseemed(disinterested,uninterested)inthe

speech.

【答案】uninterested

【解析】句意：听众开始大哈欠了，看起来他们对这演讲不感兴趣。

7．Mylittlesonis(anxiously,eagerly)lookingforwardtoChristmas.

【答案】eagerly

【解析】句意：我的小儿子急切地盼望圣诞节的到来。

8．Hehasa(contemptible,contemptuous)attitudetowardsloppywork.

【答案】contemptuous

【解析】句意：他对无聊的工作表现出轻蔑的态度。contemptuous轻蔑

的。contemptible可鄙的。

9．TheGrandCanyonisof(incomparable,uncomparable)beauty.

【答案】incomparable

【解析】句意：大峡谷的壮美无与伦比。

10．My(ophthalmologist,optometrist)willsoonbeoperatingonthecataract

inmylefteye.

【答案】ophthalmologist

【解析】句意：我的眼科医师马上会为我的左眼做白内障手术。

ophthalmologist眼科医师。optometrist验光师。

11．Golfisthe(vocation,avocation)ofaprofessionalgolfer.

【答案】vocation

【解析】vocation职业，行业。avocation（个人）副业，业余爱好。

12．Yourworkforthecommitteehasbeenmost(credible,creditable,

credulous).

【答案】creditable

【解析】句意：你为委员会所做的工作是最值得称赞的。creditable值得

赞扬的，应予肯定的。credible可靠的。credulous轻信的。

13．Thisisthemost(historic,historical)buildinginthetown.

【答案】historic

【解析】句意：这是这座城镇里历史上最为有名的建筑。historic历史上

著名的，有历史性的。historical与历史有关的，历史（上）的。

14．Ican’tstandyour(continual,continuous)interruption.

【答案】continual

【解析】句意：我不能忍受你反复打断我的讲话。continuous和continual

的区别：(1)搭配区别：continuous可以做表语或定语becontinuous或

continuous+名词；continual只做定语continual+名词；(2)词意的不同：

continual反复，不停止（happenrepeatedly），如continualknocksonthe

door反复的敲门声；continuous连续性的=unbroken(lackofinterruption)，

如acontinuousline一条不间断的线。

15．Ifyouhaveacoughaccompanied(by,with)afever,seeadoctor.

【答案】with

【解析】句意：如果你咳嗽伴有发烧，就要去看医生。这里accompany

在被动语态中，当指的是人时，用在它后的介词是by，指伴随他人。

如：ShewenttoEuropeaccompaniedbyhercolleague.她和她的同事一道

去欧洲。不是指人的情况则用with，如：Thesalmonwasaccompanied

withadeliciouslettucesalad.伴有可口的生菜沙拉的鲑鱼。

II.Fillinthemissingwords:(20%)

I

TakeforinstancetheeveningofDecember31,1994,whenIbeganmy

assignment(1)theforeignaffairscolumnistforTheNewYorkTimes.I

startedthecolumn(2)writingfromTokyo,andwhenIarrivedatthe

OkuraHotel(3)alongtranspacificflight,Icalledroomservice(4)

onesimplerequest:“Couldyoupleasesendme(5)fouroranges.”Iam

addicted(6)citrusandIneededafix.Itseemedtomeasimple(7)

orderwhenItelephoneditin,andthepersonontheotherend(8)to

understand.Abouttwentyminutes(9)therewasaknockatmydoor.A

roomservicewaiterwasstandingthere(10)hisperfectlycreased

uniform.Infrontofhimwasacart(11)byastarchedwhitetablecloth.

(12)thetableclothwerefourtall(13)offresh-squeezedorangejuice,

(14)glasssetregally(15)asmallsilverbowlofice.

【答案】

(1)as

(2)by

(3)after

(4)with

(5)up

(6)to

(7)enough

(8)seemed

(9)later

(10)in

(11)covered

(12)on

(13)glasses

(14)each

(15)in

II

Ibelievethat(16)youwanttounderstandthepost-ColdWarworldyou

(17)tostartbyunderstandingthatanewinternationalsystem(18)

succeededit—globalization.(19)is“TheOneBigThing”peopleshould

focuson.Globalizationisnottheonlything(20)eventsintheworld

today,buttothe(21)thatthereisaNorthStarandaworldwideshaping

(22),itisthissystem.Whatisnewisthe(23);whatis(24)is

powerpolitics,chaos,clashingcivilizations(25)liberalism.(26)what

isthedramaofthepost-ColdWarworldistheinteraction(27)thisnew

system(28)alltheseoldpassionsandaspirations.Itisacomplexdrama,

(29)thefinalactstillnotwritten.

【答案】

(16)if

(17)have

(18)has

(19)That

(20)influencing

(21)extent

(22)force

(23)systems

(24)old

(25)and

(26)and

(27)between

(28)and

(29)with

III

Electionsalonewillneverbeenoughtoensure(30)governance;Russia

andPakistanareproof(31)ofthat.Atthesame(32),justinstalling

modernoperating(33)andsoftwareinacountry,(34)holdingregular

electionsthatcan(35)corruptleaders,willneverbe(36)either.That

iswhytheWisest(37)indevelopingcountrieswillbe(38)who

understandquickestthatwithouttheherdtherewillbeno(39),and

withoutbetterso,wareand(40)systemstherewillbenoherd.

【答案】

(30)good

(31)enough

(32)time

(33)system

(34)without

(35)remove

(36)enough

(37)leaders

(38)those

(39)growth

(40)operating

PartThree:ReadingandWriting

I.Readthefollowingessayandanswerthequestionsbriefly.(25%)

Inrecentyearsitseemsthatlanguageasitrelatestosoftwareprogramming

hascometobeworthmoreinthejobmarketthanamasteryofEnglishor

Chinese.Butnaturallanguageisn’tjustthegiftofthegab.It’salsoatalent

necessaryforcommunication,whichisdistinctfrommereconversation.

Communicationcanbeverbalorwritten.Intheworkingworld,theabilityto

communicatewellisknownasasoftskill.Softskillshavealwaysbeen

criticaltoprofessionslikejournalism,advertisingormedicine.Nowthey’re

provingtobejustasimportanttohigh-techindustriesandbusinesses.

Effectivecommunicationisn’ttheonlysoftskillemployerscrave.Inter-

personalskills,liketheabilitytocreateandmaintainarapportwithothers,

arehighonthelist,too.Timemanagement,initiative,workingwellunder

pressure,andimageorappearance-especiallyasitbearsonnon-verbal

communication-arealsoessential.

Technologyhasmeanttheblurringoftraditionallinesbetweenworkersand

departmentsatmanycompanies,particularlysmall,informationtechnology

start-ups.Businessesarelessdepartmentalized.E-mail,forexample,now

allowsallkindsofworkersandmanagerstocommunicatedirectlywithone

another.Technicalsupportstaffwhoonceworkedinobscuritymanynow

interactdailywithsalesandmarketingstaff,andwithcustomersandclients.

Obviously,employerswantprogrammersordeveloperswhoareatthetopof

theirtechnicalgame.Butincreasingly,theyalsowantemployeeswhocan

articulatetheirgoalsclearly,writeevocatively,workwellwithothersand

buildrelationships,takeinitiative,andrepresentacompany’simageofitself.

Softskills-or,astheymighthavebeencalledinanotherera,peopleskills.

Yetwhatdoes“effectivecommunication”mean?First,understandthatitcan

heverbal,non-verbalorwritten.Communicationcanincludetelephonelinks,

telecommunicationexchanges,E-mail,theInternetorwritingreports.Thus,

communicationandconversationarenotthesameanimal.Butatthesame

time,languageexpertssayconversationisoftenmorethan90percentnon-

verbal.Wordsalonemakeuponlyatinyportionofthemessagespeoplesend

oneanother.

InhisDictionaryofCybernetics,KlausKrippendorff,oftheAnnenberg

SchoolofCommunicationsattheUniversityofPennsylvania,writesthat

non-verbalcommunicationis:processesofcommunicationwithouttheuseof

languageproper.”

“Bodymovements,gesture,smellsbutalsosuchextra-linguisticfeaturesof

speechasintonation,speed,pause,”Krippendorffsaid.“Non-verbal

communicationisexpressiveandmanifestasopposedtobeingabout

somethingoutsidethecommunicator.Non-verbalcommunicationtendsto

providethecontextofverbalcommunicationandhasthepowerto

disambiguate(butalsotoinvalidate)thecontentoflinguisticexpressions.

Sothewaywetalk-orespeechpatterns,ourexpressions,oureyemovements-

arecriticaltoprovidingthecontextandclaritythatwordsalonecannot.But

howdoestheaverageworkerlearntodothiswell?

Unfortunately,mostofthelarge,popularcareerandjobsitesontheWorld

WideWebaredevotedtofinding,applyingforandwinninganewjob.Most

donottellworkerswhoalreadyhaveajobhowtoimprovetheirsoftskills.

Smaller,andmoreobscure,subject-specificsitesexist,butyouhavetohunt

forthem.LeadingEdgeCommunications,forexamplehasasitedevotedto

promotingpublicationsandseminarsoneffectivebusinesscommunication.

Butisalsooffersanintriguingpageofwrittenexercisesdesignedtoteach

peopletocommunicatebetter.TheWritingCenteralsooffersbooksand

seminarsonwritingbetteratwork,andSummerInstituteforLanguages

offersatutorialonwhatconstituteswrittencommunication.

Whatelsecanaworkerdo?First,seekoutamentoramongprojectleaders,

managersorothermoreseniors,moreexperiencedcolleagues.Second,many

businessesoffercommunications,assertivenessandteam-buildingtraining

courses.Inaddition,somecareerandrecruitingexpertsadviseclientstotake

publicspeakingclasses,signupforwritingcoursesthroughuniversity

extensionprograms,andeventryoutforcommunity-theater.Also,though

manypeoplewhoalreadyhavejobsthinkanemploymentagencyorcareer

counselorhasnothingtoofferthem,suchconsultantsoftenadviseon

communication,interpersonalandimagestrategies.

Image?Appearancecanbeanimportantpartofsoftskills.Rememberthat

mostcommunicationisnon-verbal.Thatcancertainlybetrueduringajob

interview.Aninterviewermaybecomeyournewbossorcolleague,and,as

everyoneknows,comestoanopinionaboutyoubasedinpartonappearance.

Interviewerswanttohireapplicantswiththebestshotoffittingintothe

company’sculture-andmostworkplaceshaveadistinctculture.Appearance,

fromthewayacandidatedressestohisbodylanguage,cantellan

intervieweralotaboutanapplicant’sbackground,education,personalityand

outlook.

Infactsoftskillsmaybeadecidingfactoratajobinterview,whichisoften

thevenueforanemployertotestacandidate’scommunicationorinter-

personalskills.Canthiscandidateclearlyandeloquentlyexpresshisgoals,or

hisideasofhowhewillcontributetothecompanyifhired?Whenaskedhow

hewouldsolveatechnicalproblem,ishisanswerwell-expressedandeasyto

understand?Howmuchinputdidhehaveonprojectsatpreviousjobsand

whatkindofleadershiprolesdidhetake-meaning,didhetakeinitiative,

workwellwithateam,andcommunicatefrequentlyduringtheold

assignment?Doesheestablisharapportwiththeinterviewerandothershe

meetsduringthehiringprocess?Doesheseemabletobuildrelationships?

Canheprovidesomewritingsamples?

Recruitersandemploymentspecialistssaythatinthelastfewyears,ajob

applicant’sperformanceintheseareashasweighedmoreheavilyinthe

decisionofwhotohire.Inasurveylastyear,RHIConsulting,ahigh-tech

recruitingfirm,askedinformationtechnologymanagerswhattheylookedfor

inemployees.RHIsays85percentrespondedthattheywant“well-developed

softskills,”and68percentbelievethosesoftskillsaremoreimportantnow

thanfiveyearsago.

Questions:(PleaseanswerthemonyourAnswerSheet.)

1．Wheniscommunicationdifferentfromconversation?

2．Whatdoes“effectivecommunication”mean?

3．Whatcouldbeconsiderednon-verbalcommunication?

4．Whatfunctionscouldnon-verbalcommunicationserve?

5．Howcanyouimproveyoursoftskills?

【答案】

1．Communicationisdistinctfrommereconversation.Communicationcan

beverbal,non-verbalorwritten,includingtelephonelinks,E-mail,writing

reports,etc.Onthecontrary,conversationisoftenmorethan90percentnon-

verbal.Sofromthispointwecanseethatconversationconsistsonlyasmall

partofcommunication.

2．Effectivecommunicationmeanstheperformancethatpeopleuseverbal

andnon-verbaltoolstoprovidethecontextandclaritytothosewhotheyare

communicatingwith.

3．Non-verbalcommunicationisexpressiveandmanifestasopposedto

beingaboutsomethingoutsidethecommunicator,includingsmells,gesture,

bodymovements,etc.

4．Non-verbalcommunicationoffersthecontextofverbalcommunication

andispowerfultodisambiguatethecontentoflinguisticexpressions.

5．There’remanywaystoimprovethesoftskills.Wecanseekoutamentor

amongprojectleaders,managersorothermoreseniors,moreexperienced

colleagues.Also,wecanseekhelpfromexpertcounselors.Besides,wecan

takepublicspeakingclassesorsignupforwritingcourses.

II.ReadthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryinCHINESE.（25%）

RememberthegreatAsianeconomiccrisis?Inlate1997and1998,itseemed

tobetheperfectdoom-and-gloomstoryforfindesickleeschatologists:The

monetarycrisisthathadfirsteruptedinThailandinJuly1997wasrippling

throughoutEastAsia,toRussia,toLatinAmerica,andthen-watchout!Itwas

onlyamatteroftimebeforeitwouldbecomingtoAmerica.Anewword,

“contagion,”creptthemysteriouswaythecrisiswouldspread.

Lookingbackward,it’shardtoseewhatthefusswasabout.Mosteconomists

foresawlittledamagetotheU.S.fromAsia’sproblems.

Butthetimewasripeforpessimism.America’seconomicexpansionwasin

record-breakingterritory（thisyearitbecamethelongestexpansioninU.S.

history）,andforecasterswerenervouslyscanningthehorizonforsignsof

thenextrecession.Thestockmarket,alreadyatunheard-oflevels（Dow

8000!）,seemedlikenothingifnotabubbleabouttoburst.Allthebadnews

fromAsiahadtoaffecttheU.S.somehow,didn’tit?

Awell-publicizedbandofpessimiststhoughtso.DavidJones,chief

economistatAubreyG.Lanston,cuthisestimatefor1998realGDPgrowth

to1.6%inNovember1997（itturnedouttobe4.3%）.TheAsian

contagion,hetoldtheWallStreetJournal,wouldproduce“shockwavesof

pessimismemanatingeverythreeorfourweeksinthestockmarket.”

Theprognosesgotdrearier,andbyOctober1998anolessaugustfigurethan

formerFedChairmanPaulVolckerintonedataspeechinWashington,

“Suddenly,itallseemsinjeopardy.Allthatrealgrowth-allthetrillionsin

paperwealthcreation-isatrisk.Whatstartedasablipontheradarscreenin

Thailand-aboutasfarawayfromWashingtonorNewYorkasyoucanget-

hassomehowturnedintosomethingofafinancialcontagion.”

Welltoday,lessthanayearandahalfafterthatspeechandjustover2anda

halfyearssincethefirswhiffofcrisis,thefinalgradesarein,andthe

pessimistsflunked.NotonlydidtheU.S.survivetheAsiancrisis-itroared

throughitwithbarelyagearshift.Neitherthebigdropinexportsthatwas

forecastnotthemysteriouscontagioneffecteverhittheU.S..

ArecentpostmortembytheFederalReserveBankofSt.Louisfoundthat

merchandiseexportstoAsiafell12%in1998andnotesthat-otherthings

beingequal-thismighthavecutGDPgrowthby0.4%.Butasisoftenthe

case,otherthingswerenotequal,andeventhatmodestdeclinenever

materialized.Onereasonisthatmanufacturersfoundothermarketsfortheir

goods.InCalifornia,forexample,exportstoEastAsianaccountedfor47%

ofallmanufacturedgoodsin1997.In1998exportstotheregiondropped

18.5%,butexportstoallcountriesfellbyonly1.6%.FortheU.S.asawhole,

merchandiseexportsin1998grew3%.

Whatabout“contagion”?Itwasalwaysaslipperyterm,usedwhentherewas

noapparentchainofeventsthatcouldproduceseriousdamagetotheU.S.

economy.Theimplicationwasthatthebankingsystemwouldbethepointof

infection.

Butoverall,U.S.banksweren’tthatheavilyexposedtotheAsianeconomy.

ArecentstudybytheFederalReserveBoardfoundthattotalU.S.bank

exposuretodevelopingcountrieswas$195billiononJune30,1997,with

exposuretothefive“troubled”economies-Indonesia,SouthKorea,Malaysia,

thePhilippines,andThailand-at$55billion.Whilethat’salotofmoney,it

wasjust1.9%oftotalbankassets.Abankingsystemaswellcapitalizedand

profitableasAmerica’scaneasilyhandlebadloansinthatrange.“Forthe

mostpart,”thestudysays,“U.S.banksdidnotsufferlargelossesstemming

directlyfromemergingmarketcrisesinrecentyears.When（individual）

banksdidsufferlosses,theyweregenerallyabletooffsetthemwithearnings

fromotherbusinesssegments.”

Sothenexttimeyoureadsomegloomypredictionofeconomicmeltdown,

makesurethatwhoeverissellingithasareasonexplainingbothwhy-and

how-itwillhappen.

【答案】

1997年亚洲金融危机爆发时，全世界为此忙成一团。现在回过头来看，

它对美国并未造成太大影响，而当时的分析家们却未能预测到这一点。

因为当时美国的经济膨胀程度已经超过历史纪录，并且由于亚洲的金融

风波的影响，国内股票跌落8000点大关，一切看上去风雨飘摇。因此，

各大分析家和经济专家纷纷做出悲观的预测。

但如今，美国顺利地渡过了这次难关。出口、银行各方面都未受到巨大

损失，甚至可以说比以前更好。

因此，以后分析家们再有悲观的预测时，民众最好不要盲从。

2002年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761基础英语考研真题及详解

PartOe:Vocabulary

Eachsentenceinthisparthasawordorphraseunderlined.Beloweach

sentencearefourotherwordsorphrases.Youaretochoosetheonewordor

phrasewhichwouldbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitwere

substitutedfortheunderlinedword.(20%)

1．Andy’sjocularmannermadehimlovedbyallhiscompanions.

A.easygoing

B.jesting

C.intelligent

D.artistic

【答案】B

【解析】jocular诙谐的，爱开玩笑的。jesting开玩笑的，爱说笑话的。

easygoing悠闲自在的，随和的。intelligent聪明的，有才智的。artistic艺

术的，风雅的。

2．Theartstudentswereenthralledbythesheerbeautyoftheportraitwhich

hungbeforethem.

A.stimulated

B.entrenched

C.shocked

D.captivated

【答案】D

【解析】enthrall迷住。captivate迷住，迷惑。stimulate刺激，激励。

entrench固守，保护。shock使振动，震惊。

3．Sallywasmortifiedbyherdate’sunprecedentedbehavior.

A.eradicated

B.humiliated

C.overjoyed

D.shocked

【答案】B

【解析】mortify使感到羞辱，使蒙受屈辱。humiliate羞辱，使丢脸。

eradicate根除，扑灭。overjoy使大喜，使狂喜。shock使震惊。

4．Marvin’sdoctorsaidhewasobeseandhadtotakeimmediatemeasuresto

correcttheproblem.

A.anemic

B.fired

C.corpulent

D.petulant

【答案】C

【解析】obese肥胖的。corpulent肥大的，肥胖的。anemic贫血的。be

fired被解雇。petulant脾气坏的，易怒的。

5．Thatsoundsludicrous.Ithinkyourreasoningisfallacious.

A.basedontruth

B.basedonerror

C.basedonscience

D.basedonmeditation

【答案】B

【解析】fallacious谬误的，不合逻辑的。meditation深思熟虑。

6．Personswithmediocretalentshaveoftenachievedexcellentresults

throughhisindustry.

A.notverygood

B.notflexible

C.notcarnivorous

D.notplacable

【答案】A

【解析】mediocre普通的，平庸的。flexible柔韧的，灵活的。

carnivorous食肉的。placable易平息的，宽容的。

7．VictoriaHoltandWilliamShakespeareareprolificwriters.

A.productive

B.famous

C.esteemed

D.celebrated

【答案】A

【解析】prolific多产的，丰富的。productive生产的，多产的。famous著

名的。esteemed受尊敬的。celebrated著名的。

8．Americansteelproductionincreasedphenomenallyrightafter1900,from

10to25milliontons.

A.unexpectedly

B.consistently

C.successfully

D.extraordinarily

【答案】D

【解析】phenomenally明白地，非常地。extraordinarily格外地，突出

地。unexpectedly出乎意料地。consistently一贯地，一向。

9．Becarefulwiththelamp,it’sfragile.

A.broken

B.breakable

C.dirty

D.dangerous

【答案】B

【解析】fragile易碎的，脆的。breakable易破的，易碎的。broken破碎

的，不完整的。

10．Thewealthywidowwaswaswaryofswindlersouttofoolher.

A.watchfulfor

B.timidabout

C.tiredof

D.cautiousof

【答案】D

【解析】bewaryof留意，谨防。bewatchfulfor警惕，注意。betimid

about胆小，缺乏自信。becautiousof谨慎，小心。

11．Therewastranquilityallaboutuswhilewewererowingtheboat.

A.anxiety

B.exhilaration

C.uncertainty

D.calmness

【答案】D

【解析】tranquility宁静。calmness平静，安静。anxiety焦虑。

exhilaration令人高兴，愉快。uncertainty不确定，不可靠。

12．Johndidn’tenjoytherockconcertbecausehethoughtthetempowas

bad.

A.audience

B.rhythm

C.singer

D.atmosphere

【答案】B

【解析】tempo（音乐）拍子，节奏。rhythm节奏，韵律。audience听

众。atmosphere大气，气氛。

13．Thedirectorsfacedapredicamentintryingtomeetthedeadline.

A.anenigma

B.afailure

C.adilemma

D.anextension

【答案】C

【解析】predicament困境。dilemma进退两难的局面，窘境。enigma

谜，不可思议的东西。failure失败；故障。extension延长，扩充。

14．TheeconomyofDallas,Texas,isstronganddiversified.

A.inflated

B.stable

C.varied

D.well-regulated

【答案】C

【解析】diversified各种的，形形色色的。varied各种各样的，有变化

的。inflated膨胀的，（语言等）夸张的。stable稳定的。well-regulated井

然有序的，有规则的。

15．Nearlyhalfofthetown’sinhabitantsaredescendantsofindigenous

civilizations.

A.native

B.backward

C.hard-working

D.poor

【答案】A

【解析】indigenous本土的，土生土长的。native本地的，本国的。

backward向后的，相反的。hard-working勤勉的，努力工作的。poor贫

穷的。

16．AbrahamLincolnwasanexcellentwriterandwasabletoexpresshis

ideaslucidly.

A.clearly

B.cleverly

C.briefly

D.vigorously

【答案】A

【解析】lucidly清楚地，透明地。clearly明确的，清晰的。cleverly聪明

地。briefly简要地。vigorously经历充沛地。

17．Oncethoughtdoomedtoextinction,southernseaottersarenow

stringentlyprotectedthroughtheeffortsofnaturalistgroups.

A.rigorously

B.minimally

C.federally

D.guardedly

【答案】A

【解析】stringently严格地，迫切地。rigorously严格地，严厉地。

minimally最低限度地，最低程度地。federally同盟