湖南大学外国语与国际教育学院211翻译硕士英语专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

目录

2010年湖南大学211翻译硕士英语考研

真题及详解

2011年湖南大学211翻译硕士英语考研

真题及详解

2012年湖南大学211翻译硕士英语考研

真题及详解

2013年湖南大学211翻译硕士英语考研

真题及详解

2010年湖南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

PartIVocabularyandStructure(30)

SectionA

Eachofthefollowingsentencesisincompleteandisfollowedby4choices

markedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.

(20×0.5′=10points)

1．Afterworkingforthefirmfortenyearshefinally_____therankof

deputy&rector.

A.achieved

B.approached

C.attained

D.acquired

【答案】C

【解析】attain通常是达到一定的等级和职位，比如：rank，level。

acquire，主要指习得，通过学习模仿才能得到，所以后面常跟宾语如，

knowledge，habit。achieve尽管是达到，但更强调达到后的成就感，

achievesuccess。

2．Thepersonheinterviewedwas_____hisformerschoolmate.

A.nootherthan

B.nomorethan

C.noneotherthan

D.nonetheless

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他采访的人不是别人，正是他以前的同学。noneother

than意思是“恰是，不是别人而正是…”，用以指人。nootherthan表

示“不是别的(事)，正是”，指事物。nonetheless依然。

3．Ifnot_____withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-

temperedandgrumblesallthetime.

A.beingtreated

B.treated

C.betreated

D.havingbeentreated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果杰克得不到他感觉自己应得的尊重的话，他就会脾

气暴躁，一直抱怨。这里treat的逻辑主语不是Jack，而是别人，Jack应

该是“被对待”，因此要用过去分词形式。

4．Itwassuggestedthatallgovernmentministersshould_____information

ontheirfinancialinterests.

A.discover

B.uncover

C.tell

D.disclose

【答案】D

【解析】disclose侧重揭露或公开鲜为人知或保密的事。uncover只用于

贬义，一般译作“揭露”。

5．Thepolicemenwentintoaction_____theyheardthealarm.

A.promptly

B.presently

C.quickly

D.directly

【答案】D

【解析】句意：警察一听到警报，就采取了行动。directly在这里

是“一……就”的意思，引导时间状语从句，相当于assoonas，同样用法

的还有immediately，instantly。

6．Eveniftheyareonsale,theserefrigeratorsareequalinpriceto,ifnot

moreexpensivethan,_____attheotherstore.

A.anyone

B.theothers

C.that

D.theones

【答案】D

【解析】代词one可以用来替代前面提到过的名词，以避免重复。如果

它替代的名词是复数，则用ones。本题中它代替refrigerators，为特指，

故用theones。

7．_____,hedoesgetinitiatedwithhersometimes.

A.Ashelikeshermuch

B.Muchthoughhelikesher

C.Thoughmuchhelikeher

D.Muchashelikesher

【答案】D

【解析】这句话是as引导的让步状语从句，其句式为：名词/动词/副词/

形容词＋as＋主语＋谓语动词（助动词）/情态动词/be。

8．Expertsaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersonto_____healthy.

A.preserve

B.stay

C.maintain

D.reserve

【答案】B

【解析】句意：专家说步行是让一个人保持健康的最好的方式之一。

preserve,stay,maintain,reserve这4个词均有“保持”，“维持”之意。stay后

可接形容词作表语。stayhealthy保持健康。

9．Asforthewinter,itisinconvenienttobecold,withmostof_____

furnacefuelisallowedsavedforthedawn.

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.such

【答案】A

【解析】句意：至于冬天，天气很冷生活很不方便，因此把拨给的大部

分燃料节省下来留着黎明时使用。what引导宾语从句，whatfurnacefuel

isallowed是个整体，被分配的燃料。

10．Forthere_____successfulcommunication,theremustbeattentiveness

andinvolvementinthediscussionitselfbyallpresent.

A.is

B.tobe

C.willbe

D.being

【答案】B

【解析】therebe用作介词for的宾语时，要用theretobe的形式。

11．Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit

_____aswellaswehadhoped.

A.cameoff

B.wentoff

C.broughtout

D.madeout

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在深谷里建立发电站是一个大胆的设想，但是它却正如

我们所希望的那样得以实现了。comeoff举行，实现。gooff离开；进

行。bringout出版，生产。makeout理解；辨认出。

12．Whenanumberofpeople______togetherinaconversationalknot,

eachindividualexpresseshispositioninthegroupbywherehestands.

A.pad

B.pack

C.squeeze

D.cluster

【答案】D

【解析】句意：当很多人聚在一起讨论时，每个人都在这个小组里表达

自己的立场。clustertogether集中，聚在一起。

13．Accordingtowhatyouhavejustsaid,amItounderstandthathisnew

post_____noresponsibilitywithitatall?

A.shoulders

B.possesses

C.carries

D.shares

【答案】C

【解析】句意：根据你刚才说的，我是否可以理解为他的新职位不必承

担任何责任？carryresponsibility意为“承担责任”，主语可以是物也可以

是人。shoulderresponsibility意为“承担……的责任”，但其主语应为某人

而非某物。shareresponsibility意为“分担责任”。根据题意，选项C为正

确答案。

14．TheAmericandreamismost_____duringtheperiodsofproductivity

andwealthgeneratedbyAmericancapitalism.

A.plausible

B.patriotic

C.primitive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在美国的资本主义带来生产率的提高与财富增加的那段

时期，美国梦看起来最可信。plausible貌似可信的。patriotic爱国的。

primitive原始的。

15．Tom’smothertriedhardtopersuadehimto_____fromhisintentionto

investhissavingsinstockmarket.

A.pullout

B.giveup

C.drawin

D.backdown

【答案】D

【解析】句意：汤姆的妈妈竭力劝他放弃自己原来的想法，转而将积蓄

投入股票市场。backdownfrom放弃。pullout离开，撤离。drawin引

诱；进站。

16．France’s_____ofnucleartestingintheSouthPacificlastmonth

triggeredpoliticaldebatesandmassdemonstrations.

A.assumption

B.consumption

C.presumption

D.resumption

【答案】D

【解析】句意：法国上月在南太平洋恢复核试验触发了政治辩论和大规

模游行。resumption恢复；重新开始。presumption放肆，傲慢。

17．MyfavoriteradiosongistheoneIfirstheardonathick1923Edison

discI_____atagaragesale.

A.trifledwith

B.scrapedthrough

C.stumbledupon

D.thirstedfor

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我最喜欢的收音机歌曲是第一次听到的1923年艾迪逊唱

片上的一首歌，这是我在一次车库甩卖中偶然听到的。stumbleupon偶

然发现。triflewith玩弄；视同儿戏。scrapethrough勉强通过。thirstfor

渴望。

18．JeanWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-

Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatit_____inreligious,aswellas

worldly,frameofreference.

A.istobeanalyzed

B.hasbeenanalyzed

C.beanalyzed

D.shouldhavebeenanalyzed

【答案】C

【解析】在表示要求、愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的名词同位语从

句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即should+动词原形，should可

以省略。

19．Inspiteofthewiderangeofreadingmaterialspeciallywrittenor_____

forlanguagelearningpurposes,thereisyetnocomprehensivesystematic

programmeforthereadingskills.

A.adapted

B.acknowledged

C.assembled

D.appointed

【答案】A

【解析】句意：尽管有许多针对语言学习所专门创作或改编而来的阅读

材料，但是目前还没有关于阅读技巧全面而又系统的规划。adapt在这里

是“改编”的意思。

20．Thepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainly

not_____theirprospectofpromotion.

A.spur

B.further

C.induce

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】句意：雇员们追求休闲当然不会有利于他们晋升。further指推

动其他事物向前发展。

SectionB.

Cloze(20×0.5′=10points)

OnemajorreasonforGermany’shighunemploymentandtheevident

weaknessofbusinessinvestmentisthenatureofthetaxsystem,whichtends

to(21)_____bothindividualeffortandinvestment.(22)_____corporatetax

ratesare,infact,veryhighanditistheseratesthatpotentialinvestors

primarilylookat.However,theactualburden(23)_____bycompaniesisnot

asgreatasitmightseem,becausethetaxbaseisfairlynarrow.This

combinationinitselftendstoencouragetax(24)_____atboththepersonal

and(25)_____levels.Moreover,byinternationalstandards,firmsin

Germanyarestilltaxedquiteheavily.

Areformofcorporatetaxation,therefore,shouldstartby(26)_____taxrates,

cutting(27)_____andbroadeningthetaxablebase.Theresultingpositive

impactongrowthwouldbereinforcediftherewerealsoasubstantial

(28)_____ofthenetburden.

Howdothecurrentplansforareformofcorporatetaxation(29)_____these

goals？Theoveralltaxburdenoncompaniesistobebroughtdown

significantly,withthe(30)_____of35%beingset.Tothis(31)_____,a

dramaticreductioninthecorporatetaxon(32)_____earningsisplanned.

Therelateddropinrevenuesistobe(33)_____bychangesintherules

governingtaxbreaks.

Anapproachincorporatingthesebasicfeatureswould,beawelcomestep.If

realizedinitspresentform,itshouldensurethattheobjectiveofmakingtax

ratesmoreattractiveforbusinessesisachieved.Atthesametime,however,it

wouldbe(34)_____ifanexcessivebroadeningofthetaxablebasemadeit

impossibletoattaintheequallyimportantgoalofprovidingrelief.

ComprehensivetaxreformisneededinGermanyto(35)_____investment

andtocreatenewjobs,thusputtingtheeconomyonahighergrowthpath.

Thedropinrevenuescausedbythetaxreliefgrantedtobothcompaniesand

(36)_____would,(37)_____,beatleastpartiallyoffsetbythelargervolume

oftax(38)_____producedbyeconomicgrowth.Thegapsthatremained

shouldprimarilybeclosedthroughspendingcuts.Ifmeasureofthissort

provedinadequate,then,asalast(39)_____,anincreasein(40)_____taxes

couldperhapsbeconsidered.

21．A.spur

B.encourage

C.lessen

D.discourage

22．A.Nominal

B.Artificial

C.Real

D.False

23．A.kept

B.paid

C.borne

D.accepted

24．A.payment

B.avoidance

C.aversion

D.control

25．A.corporate

B.company’s

C.corporated

D.corporation

26．A.increasing

B.inducing

C.reducing

D.deducing

27．A.subsidiaries

B.subsidies

C.bonuses

D.awards

28．A.freezing

B.tightening

C.loosening

D.easing

29．A.reflect

B.measureupto

C.incorporate

D.comeupto

30．A.floor

B.top

C.bottom

D.ceiling

31．A.end

B.purpose

C.side

D.means

32．A.earned

B.disposable

C.retained

D.taxable

33．A.offset

B.writtenoff

C.paidoff

D.repelled

34．A.comprehensive

B.unfortunate

C.objective

D.adaptable

35．A.exacerbate

B.deteriorate

C.broaden

D.spur

36．A.consumers

B.societies

C.households

D.individuals

37．A.ontime

B.overtime

C.intime

D.intruth

38．A.receipts

B.relief

C.revenues

D.grants

39．A.means

B.resort

C.approach

D.methodology

40．A.progressive

B.direct

C.regressive

D.indirect

【答案与解析】

21．B所选动词的宾语为“individualeffortandinvestment”，因此应该选

encourage。

22．A下文说到这些税实际上很高，但是“thetaxbaseisfairly

narrow”，由此可见并不是真正地高。nominal名义上的；有名无实的。

23．C空白处动词的宾语为burden，因此要选borne（忍受；负荷）。

24．B前文说到税看起来很高，但实际上税基很窄，由此可见二者的结

合鼓励了他们合法避税。taxavoidance（合法）避税。

25．Aand前为personal，因此该空应该填corporate（企业的）。

26．C根据文意可知，该空应该与“cutting”意思相近，

与“broadening”意思相反。

27．B这里的意思应该是“降低税率，减少补贴，扩大征税基础”。

subsidy补贴；津贴。subsidiary子公司。

28．D前半句说到“对经济增长的积极作用将加强”，因此这里应该

是“减少”负担。

29．B根据后面的“goals”可知，应该选measureupto（符合；达到）。

30．D由后面的upto可知，这里应该是最大值，即“上限”。ceiling上

限。

31．A空白处后面说到了具体的措施，由此可见是为了达到前一句话

所说的内容。tothisend为了这个目的。

32．Cretainedearnings为会计术语，意思是“留存收益”。

33．A这里的意思是“收入的相关下降将会被税收减免规则的改变所抵

消。”

34．C句意：然而，与此同时，如果过度扩大应税税基使提供救济的同

等重要目标无法实现，这也是有可能客观出现的情况。

35．D空白处动词后的宾语为investment，因此应该选spur。

36．C这里说到的是“税收减免对公司和造成的收入下降”，这里应该填

的是征税的对象，因此应该填households（家庭，家户）。

37．C这里的意思是应该税收减免造成的收入下降应该“及时”被税收收

入所抵消。intime及时。

38．A该空填的内容应该与收入下降所抵消，因此应该填“收入”。

39．Basalastresort作为最后手段；万不得已。

40．D前文提到的措施都是针对直接向纳税人征收的税，即直接税，

最后说到如果这些措施都不可行，那就可以考虑增加“间接税”。indirect

tax间接税。

SectionC

Directions:Thereisanunderlinedpartineachofthefollowingsentences.

Choosefromthe4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andDtosubstitutetheunderlined

partmostapproximatelyandappropriately.Writeyouranswerontheanswer

sheet.(10×0.5′=5points)

41．Thegovernmenthasissuedanewbookletlayingdownguidelinesfor

safetyatwork.

A.inscribing

B.subscribing

C.ascribing

D.prescribing

【答案】D

【解析】句意：政府发布了一本新的小册子，为工作安全制定了指导方

针。laydown放下；制定。prescribe规定。inscribe题写；题献。

subscribe签署；赞成。ascribe归因于。

42．Adespotisarulerwhokeepsallpowertohimselforherself.

A.hooligan

B.rascal

C.tyrant

D.swindler

【答案】C

【解析】句意：暴君是一个把所有权力都握在自己手里的统治者。

despot专制君主，暴君。tyrant暴君。hooligan流氓，恶棍。rascal流氓，

无赖。swindler骗子。

43．TheyfoundithardtounderstandthatTomwhohadoncestrongly

detestedpetdogscouldbesoengrossedinpetraisingthesedays.

A.destitute

B.absorbed

C.engulfed

D.captured

【答案】B

【解析】句意：汤姆曾经一度非常讨厌宠物狗，现在却对宠物的饲养十

分痴迷，这让他们很难理解。engrossedin埋头于，热衷于。absorbedin

专心；热衷于……。destitute穷困的；无的。

44．LastSundayshecametovisitusoutoftheblue.

A.unexpectedly

B.unhappily

C.untidily

D.unofficially

【答案】A

【解析】句意：上星期天，她意外来访。outoftheblue突然地；意外

地。unexpectedly出乎意料地，意外地。untidily不整洁地；凌乱地。

45．Theywerefuriouswhenoneoneoftheirbestmanagerswaspoachedby

anothercompany.

A.headhunted

B.punched

C.plundered

D.probed

【答案】A

【解析】句意：当最好的经理之一被另一家公司挖走时，他们非常愤

怒。poach偷猎；窃取。headhunt猎头，物色人才。punch开洞；以拳重

击。plunder掠夺；抢劫。probe探查。

46．Theinkhadfadedwithtimeandsopartsoftheletterwereunreadable.

A.indelible

B.inscrutable

C.illegible

D.illegitimate

【答案】C

【解析】句意：墨水随着时间的推移已经褪色，所以这封信的某些部分

无法阅读。illegible难辨认的；字迹模糊的。indelible难忘的；擦不掉

的。inscrutable神秘的；不可理解的。illegitimate私生的；非法的。

47．Shebristledatthesuggestionthatshehadbeendishonest.

A.bridled

B.bridged

C.breathed

D.boasted

【答案】A

【解析】句意：她对别人关于她不诚实的说法十分愤怒。bristleat

对……感到愤怒。bridleat为……所激怒，生……的气。boast夸口说，

自吹自擂说。

48．TheRomanssubduedalargepartofEuropeandtheMiddleEast.

A.submitted

B.surpassed

C.conquered

D.oppressed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：罗马人征服了欧洲和中东的大部分地区。subdue镇压，

制服。conquer战胜，征服。surpass超越；胜过。oppress压迫，压抑。

49．Thewaitressesdislikedservinghimhisdinnerbecauseofhisvery

fastidioustaste.

A.fancy

B.capricious

C.meticulous

D.corpulent

【答案】C

【解析】句意：服务员不喜欢为他提供晚餐，因为他的品味非常挑剔。

fastidious挑剔的；苛求的。meticulous一丝不苟的；小心翼翼的。

capricious反复无常的；任性的。corpulent肥胖的。

50．Ifthegrandjuryindictsthesuspecthewillgototrial.

A.agrees

B.charges

C.abdicates

D.confesses

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果大陪审团起诉嫌疑犯，他将出庭受审。indict控

告，起诉。charge指控，控告。abdicate退位；放弃。confess承认；坦

白。

SectionD

Directions:Fillineachblankbyreferringtothewordgiveninthe

paraphrasesandchangingtheformofthewordifnecessary.Pleasewrite

youranswersontheanswersheet.(10×0.5′=5points)

51．WhetherornotHugowasawall-painter,therecordsofhisactivitiesas

carverandmanuscriptpainterattesttohis_____.(versatile).

【答案】versatility

【解析】versatile为形容词，意思是“多才多艺的，万能的”，这里应该

填入其名词形式。

52．Medicine’sfinesthourbecomesthedawnofitsdilemmas.Forcenturies,

medicinewasimpotentandhence_____.(problem).

【答案】unproblematic

【解析】句意：医学的最佳时期是其困境的曙光。几个世纪以来医学的

无能从今以后将不成问题。由第一句话可知，医学即将走出困境，

hence表示“今后”，因此这里应该填一个有积极意义的形容词。

53．Whatanignominiousdestinyformedicineifitsfutureturnedintooneof

bestowingmeagerincrementsof_____life.(enjoy)

【答案】unenjoyed

【解析】句意：如果医学未来只是起延长痛苦的生命的作用，那么它的

命运将多么可耻啊！ignominious的意思是“可耻的”，因此空白处应该填

一个消极的形容词。

54．Medicinehasledtovastlyinflatedexpectations,whichthepublichas

eagerlyswallowed.Yetastheseexpectationsgrowunlimited,theybecome

_____.(fulfill)

【答案】unfulfillable

【解析】句意：药物给公众带来了过高的期望。然而，随着这些期望的

无限增长，它们也变得越来越无法实现。由句意可知，公众对药物的期

望越来越高，这些期望也就越来越无法实现。

55．Therushtoopenhitherto_____areastomasstourismisnotbeing

welcomedbyeveryone.Indigenousandenvironmentalgroupssaythatmany

partsoftheAndeswillsufferiftheybecomeover-developed.(access)

【答案】inaccessible

【解析】由句中的“open”即后文的“manypartsoftheAndes”可知，这里

说的是“人迹罕至的”地区。

56．Thefourstagesidentifiedinmakingachangearecalled_____(resisting

thechange),contemplation(weighingtheprosandconsofthechange),

action(exercisingwillpowertomakethechange),andmaintenance(using

willpowertosustainthechange).(contemplate)

【答案】precontemplation

【解析】由句子可知，这一阶段在contemplation之前，给出的提示词又

是contemplate，因此是“前预期阶段”。

57．Investorsseekingacheap,no-frillswaytosell_____sharesneedlook

nofurtherthanthepostbox.(private)

【答案】privatization

【解析】privatizationshares私有化股份。

58．Thefirstchapterdiscussesaspectsofthe_____oftechnologicalchange

andthengoesontoconsiderwhattheliteraturehashadtosay.(concept)

【答案】conceptualization

【解析】这里的意思是“第一章讨论了技术变革的概念化”。

conceptualization概念化；化为概念。

59．Medical_____isdesignedtobeunsatisfying.Theprolongationoflife

andandthesearchforperfecthealth(beauty,youth,happiness)areinherently

self-defeating.(consume)

【答案】consumerism

【解析】“Theprolongationoflifeandthesearchforperfect

health”为“medical_____”的内容，因此填consumerism。

60．Noamountofgovernmentexhortationor_____willcompletely

eliminatetheproblemofoldpeoplewhohaveinsufficientmeanstomake

endsmeet.(paternal)

【答案】paternalism

【解析】由or前的exhortation可知，这里应该填入一个名词。paternalism

家长式统治。

PartIReadingComprehension(40points)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagefollowedby5questions.

Readthepassagecarefullyandthengivebriefanswerstothequestionsbelow

inthefewestwordspossible.(5×2′=10)

Passage1

Everysecond,1hectareoftheworld’srainforestisdestroyed.That’s

equivalenttotwofootballfields.AnareathesizeofNewYorkCityislost

everyday.Inayear,thataddsupto31millionhectares—morethantheland

areaofPoland.Thisalarmingrateofdestructionhasseriousconsequences

fortheenvironment;scientistsestimate,forexample,that137speciesof

plant,insectoranimalbecomeextincteverydayduetologging.InBritish

Columbia,where,since1990,thirteenrainforestvalleyshavebeenclearcut,

142speciesofsalmonhavealreadybecomeextinct,andthehabitatsof

grizzlybears,wolvesandmanyothercreaturesarethreatened.Logging,

however,providesjobs,profits,taxesforthegovernmentandcheapproducts

ofallkindsforconsumers,sothegovernmentisreluctanttorestrictor

controlit.

MuchofCanada’sforestryproductiongoestowardsmakingpulpandpaper.

AccordingtotheCanadianPulpandPaperAssociation,Canadasupplies34%

oftheworld’swoodpulpand49%ofitsnewsprintpaper.Ifthesepaper

productscouldbeproducedinsomeotherway,Canadianforestscouldbe

preserved.Recently,apossiblealternativewayofproducingpaperhasbeen

suggestedbyagriculturalistsandenvironmentalists:aplantcalledhemp.

Hemphasbeencultivatedbymanyculturesforthousandsofyears.It

producesfiberwhichcanbemadeintopaper,fuel,oils,textiles,food,and

rope.Formanycenturies,itwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountries

becauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships;

colonialexpansionandtheestablishmentofaworldwidetradingnetwork

wouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouthemp.Nowadays,ships’cablesare

usuallymadefromwireorsyntheticfibers,butscientistsarenowsuggesting

thatthecultivationofhempshouldberevivedfortheproductionofpaperand

pulp.Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproduced

fromlandusinghempratherthantrees,andmanyenvironmentalistsbelieve

thatthelarge-scalecultivationofhempcouldreducethepressureon

Canada’sforests.

However,thereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountriesoftheworld.

Thisplant,sousefulforfiber,rope,oil,fuelandtextiles,isaspeciesof

cannabis,relatedtotheplantfromwhichmarijuanaisproduced.Inthelate

1930s,amovementtobanthedrugmarijuanabegantogatherforce,resulting

intheeventualbanningofthecultivationnotonlyoftheplantusedto

producethedrug,butalsoofthecommercialfiber-producinghempplant.

AlthoughbothGeorgeWashingtonandThomasJeffersongrewhempinlarge

quantitiesontheirownland,anyAmericangrowingtheplanttodaywould

soonfindhimselfinprison—despitethefactthatmarijuanacannotbe

producedfromthehempplant,sinceitcontainsalmostnoTHC(theactive

ingredientinthedrug).

Inrecentyears,twomajormovementsforlegalizationhavebeengathering

strength.OnegroupofactivistsbelievesthatALLcannabisshouldbelegal—

boththehempplantandthemarijuanaplant—andthattheuseofthedrug

marijuanashouldnotbeanoffense.Theyarguethatmarijuanaisnot

dangerousoraddictive,andthatitisusedbylargenumbersofpeoplewho

arenotcriminalsbutproductivemembersofsociety.Theyalsopointoutthat

marijuanaislesstoxicthanalcoholortobacco.Theotherlegalization

movementisconcernedonlywiththehempplantusedtoproducefiber;this

groupwantstomakeitlegaltocultivatetheplantandsellthefiberforpaper

andpulpproduction.Thissecondgrouphashadamajortriumphrecently:in

1997,Canadalegalizedthefarmingofhempforfiber.Forthefirsttimesince

1938,hundredsoffarmersareplantingthiscrop,andsoonwecanexpectto

seepulpandpaperproducedfromthisnewsource.

1．WhyispulpandpaperproductionimportanttoCanada?

2．Whoissuggestingthatpulpandpapercouldbeproducedwithoutcutting

downtrees?

3．Whywastheplanthempessentialtoworld-widetradeinthepast?

4．Whydoagriculturaliststhinkthathempwouldbebetterforpaper

productionthantrees?

5．Whatchemicalingredientofcannabisplantsisapowerfuldrug?

【答案与解析】

1．Becausepulpandpaperproductionprovideslargebenefitsforboth

governmentsandconsumers.

（第一段最后一句说到，由于伐木为政府提供了就业机会、利润和税

收，为消费者提供了廉价产品，因此政府不愿限制或控制它。）

2．Agriculturalistsandenvironmentalists.

（第二段最后一句说到，农业学家和环保主义者提出了一种可能的替代

方法：一种叫做大麻的植物。）

3．Becauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships.

（由第三段可知，许多个世纪以来，它对许多国家的经济都是至关重要

的，因为它被用来制造帆船上使用的绳索；没有大麻，殖民扩张和建立

世界范围的贸易网络将不可能完成。）

4．Becausefourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghemp

ratherthantrees.

（第三段最后说到在同样多的土地上，种植大麻所造的纸是种树造纸数

量的四倍。）

5．THC.

（倒数第二段最后说到了THC是毒品中的有效成分。）

SectionB

Directions:Thereare7passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

(30×1′=30points)

Passage2

Themostpreciousfluidonearthisnotoil,butwater.Waterisbasictolife

andhealth.Apersoncansurviveseveraldaysorevenweekswithoutfood,

butonlyashorttimewithoutwater.Over1billionpeopleworldwidehaveno

accesstosafedrinkingwater.Therearefewchallengesasimportantas

conservingtheworld’susablewaterandsupplyingcleandrinkingwaterand

waterforirrigationtothosewhoneedit.Yetthisworkisnotgettingdone.

Humansaredepletingtheearth’sstoreofusablewaterataratethatwillsoon

threatenourfoodsupply.Poorwatermanagementalreadykillsmillionsof

peopleayearandcondemnshundredsofmillionstohunger.

Thetechnologyexiststosolvetheseproblems.Providingslumswithdrinking

waterandsanitation,forexample,iseasytodoandacost-effectivewayto

preventdeathsanddisease.Butbecausethosewhosufferarepoor,their

accesstowaterisrarelyapoliticalpriority.Thereisnowanopportunityfor

progress.Morethan100waterministersfromaroundtheworld,alongwith

thousandsofwaterexpertsfromvillagerstoscientists,havegatheredinthe

Netherlands.Theconferencewillbeusefulifitcanpersuadegovernments

andinternationalbankstopaymoreattentiontoconservationandfair

distributionofwater.

In1980,theU.N.setagoalofsafedrinkingwaterforallby1990.Becauseof

internationalprodding,abouttwobillionnewpeoplereceivedcleandrinking

wateroverthesubsequent14years.Anewcommitmentisurgentlyneededto

spreadthesehealthgains,helppoorfarmersandconservetheworld’s

precioussupplyofusablewater.

6．Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto_____.

A.entertain

B.persuade

C.inform

D.tellastory

7．Theorganizationalpatternusedinthispassageisbestdescribedas_____.

A.chronologicalorder

B.simplelistingofideas

C.division/classification

D.spatialorder

8．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthepartsofthefollowingsentencefrom

thepassage?"Butbecausethosewhosufferarepoor,theiraccesstowateris

rarelyapoliticalpriority."

A.cause/effect

B.listingofideas

C.comparison/contrast

D.placeorder

9．Whichstatementfromthepassageisafact?

A.Themostpreciousfluidonearthisnotoil,butwater.

B.Fewchallengesareasimportantasconservingusablewater.

C.Anewcommitmentisurgentlyneeded.

D.Abouttwobillionnewpeoplereceivedcleandrinkingwater.

10．Theauthor’stoneinthispassagecanbestbedescribedas_____.

A.neutral

B.impassioned

C.opinionated

D.hostile

【答案与解析】

6．B本文主要介绍了水的重要性和如今存在的一些问题，最后呼吁人

们“spreadthesehealthgains,helppoorfarmersandconservetheworld’s

precioussupplyofusablewater”，由此可见本文的主要目的是劝说人们珍

惜宝贵的水。

7．B此题问道本文的组织模式是怎样的，文章中作者罗列了一些现象，

由此表达了他的观点，因此B项正确。chronologicalorder时间顺序。

spatialorder空间顺序。

8．A由这句话中的“because”可知，两个分句之间是因果关系。

9．D题目问道下列哪项陈述是事实。最后一段第二句说到，由于国际

上的努力，能够引用干净的饮用水的人新增了大约20亿。

10．C由文章中“Themostpreciousfluidonearthisnotoil,but

water.”，“Therearefewchallengesasimportantasconservingtheworld’s

usablewater...”可知，作者的说法夸张，因此他的语气是“武断的”。

Passage3

ExpertssaytheseprogramsareprobablytheonesusedtojamtheInternet’s

mostpopularsites:CalledTribalVillage,abbreviatedTFN,andTrinoo.They

areInternettimebombs.

AllisonTaylorofNetworkAssociatessays,"They’reroadmapsforpeopleto

copyfromandthenyouhavecopycatattacksoverandoverandover."We

foundtheminseveralplaces;they’reprepackaged.Thehackerdownloads

andhackstheprogramintoanumberofunsuspectingcomputers.

JohnVranesevichofAsays,"Thatsoftwareapplicationsimply

sitstheredormantuntilahackerhasgottenalargeenoughcollectionthathe

choosestoactivatethose,andthenfromhismachinehecanactivatethose

andpointthentoaspecifictarget."

Thetargetssofarthisweek,atleast,Yahoo,eBay,Amazon,CNN,Buy,

eTradeandzdNet.Thecostsaremounting.

PhilipAllinghamofZDTVsays,"There’sadvertisingrevenuethatcomes

fromthebanners,butmoreimportantly,providingnewsandinformationout

thereforourviewership.Theycan’tcomeandfindoutfromus;they’regoing

togosomewhereelse."

Thiskindofhackfloodsawebsitewithsomanyrequestsitcan’tcope.

SourcestellCNNthatYahoowashammeredwithrequestsatonegigabyte

persecond.That’slike104-millionpeopledialinginatonce.

ThewebsiteAntiOnlinepoststhesoftwarepubliclyhopingsomeonewill

createafix.

RichardPoweroftheComputerSecurityInstitutesays,"Theonlythingsyou

candoissecureyoursitewellenoughsothatyoursitecan’tbeusedbya

hackerasalaunchingpoint."

Andmanyfailedthetest.

AllisonTaylorsays,"Forthisattacktohappenonallthesecompanies,there

hadtobelotsofcomputersouttherethatwerevulnerable."

Webmastersareinatoughspot.

KevinPursegloveofeBaysays,"ThebasicaspectofanInternetsiteistobe

openandaccessibletothepublic."

Andvulnerabletowhatexpertsarenowcallinghacktivists.Whydothis?

Bestguess:acclaimfromotherhackers.

KevinPurseglovesays,"andiftheyweren’toutbreakingthesesitesand

tryingtotakethemdown,they’dbeouttaggingtheirinitialsontall

buildings."

RichardPowersays,"Itcouldbeahacktivistoranumberofhacktivistswho

aresickandtiredofthecommercializationoftheInternet."

Sofarallofthetargetshavebeenverylarge,andverycommercial.

11．Ahackeris______.

A.someonewhobreaksintoandusessomeoneelse’scomputer

B.someonewhobreakscommercials

C.someonewhofixessomeoneelse’scomputer

D.someonewhodoesnotknowaboutcomputers

12．Theprogramswhichwereusedbythehackerswere______.

A.madebythehackersandputoncomputers

B.notfoundbytheexperts

C.prepackagedandfoundonmanycomputers

D.hardtofind

13．Yahoo,eBay,Amazon,CNN,Buy,eTradeandzNetare______.

A.storesontheweb

B.largecommercialwebsites

C.smallcommercialwebsites

D.publicgovernmentwebsites

14．Ifsomeonesendsamessagethesizeofonegigabyte,______.

A.itisalarge.

B.itisverysmall

C.ittakeslittletimeforacomputertoread.

D.itisthesizeofashortnote.

15．Hackerscandothisbecause______.

A.computersarehardtoreach

B.everyonehastheircomputerslocked

C.computersarenotverysecure

D.companiesaskthemtodoit

【答案与解析】

11．A由第二段“Thehackerdownloadsandhackstheprograminto...”可

知，黑客可以入侵并使用别人的电脑。

12．C第二段中说到“Wefoundtheminseveralplaces;they’re

prepackaged.”，因此C项正确。

13．B由最后一段最后一句“Sofarallofthetargetshavebeenverylarge,

andverycommercial.”可知，这些网站都是“la