2022届高考英语一轮复习 阅读之说明文提升模拟训练

2022高考英语阅读之说明文提升模拟训练

（A）

Cosplayers（角色扮演者）caninvestconsiderabletime,moneyandeffortinto

makingbesthead-to-toepresentationsthatareone-of-a-kind.Butwhatinspires

cosplayerstopresentthemselveswithsomanydetailedartisticdesigns?Psychologists

trytorevealthefactsthroughresearch.

Whenacosplayerselectsaparticularcostume,he/sheisoftengettinginsidea

specificcharacter-orcombinationofcharacters—becausesomethingaboutthatrole

speakstothempersonally,accordingtoRobinS.Rosenberg,aclinicalpsychologistat

theUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.

Batman,fbrexample,canbeanespeciallymeaningfulcosplaychoicefor

someonecopingwithtrauma（创伤）.Thedarksuperherofaceddestructivetrauma

whenhewasachild—witnessingthecruelandviolentmurderofhisparents-whichhe

overcametobecomeahero."WhenpeoplearedressedasBatman,manytalkabout

havingexperiencedtheirowntraumaticexperiences,Rosenbergsaid."Hesurvived

andfoundmeaningandpurposefromhisexperience,andthatisinspiringtothem.”

RosenbergnotedthatWonderWomanisanotherpopularchoicewhichcallsup

manywomen'sfeelings,partlybecausesheholdsherowninthemale-dominated

worldofcostumedcomicssuperheroes.Forthosecosplayers,dressingasWonder

Womanisawayofcelebratingandembracingherpower,Rosenbergsaid.

Cosplayisatypeofperformance,whichfrequentlymovesstrangerstoapproach

thecharacterforconversationandphotos.SoitsurprisedRosenbergtodiscoverthat

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manycosplayerswereidentifiedasintroverts,"Whentheyworeacostume,they

becamemuchmoresociallyoutgoing,Rosenbergsaid.Sheexplainedthat,

sometimes,wearingacostumeallowsapersontoobtainconfidencetheydidn'tknow

theyhad,andhelpsthemovercomeshynessinreallife.

“Whenyoudoanykindofcostuming-butparticularlycosplay—ontheonehand,

itgivesyoupermissiontostepoutsideyourself,Rosenbergsaid."Butontheother

hand,itcanbringoutsomethinginyouthatdoesn'tusuallycomeout.”

1.WhatdoesRosenbergtrytoconveyinParagraph2?

A.Cosplayershaveaspeciallikingforcostumes.

B.Cosplayersplaydifferentroleswithinoneday.

C.Cosplayershavenothingtodobuttalktothemselves.

D.Cosplayersexpressthemselvesthroughcostumes.

2.BatmanandWonderWomanarecitedtorevealcosplayers9.

A.childhoodabuseB.needtorepairpersonaldifficulties

C.genderinequalityD.eagernesstodefeatotherpeople

3.WhydidRosenbergfeelsurprised?

A.Cosplayerschangedtheirpersonalityonceincostumes.

B.Cosplayerscouldn'twaittosocializewhencostumed.

C.Manycosplayersattractedstrangerstotalkwiththem.

D.Somanycosplayerswereconsideredaspessimisticpeople.

4.Whatmayserveasthemostsuitabletitleofthetext?

A.DevotiontocosplayB.Peopleincostumes

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C.BatmanorWonderWomanD.Psychologybehindcosplay

（B）

Pricingismorethananumber;it'saseriesofintegrated（综合的）strategies.

Formostbusinesses,managersputagreatdealofeffortintomakingandmarketing

theirproducts,butwheremanyfallshortisintransformingthevaluetheycreateinto

profits.

Alltoooftencriticalpricingdecisionsproveill-considered.Manycompanies

basepricingprimarilyontheircosts,leavingmoneyonthetableintheformofhidden

profits.Inrealitytheycouldmakemoreiftheyfocusedinsteadonthevaluethey

delivertocustomers.Baseballfansarewillingtopayover$100foraticketstub（票

根）forthebaseballgameinwhichCalRipkinbrokeLouGehrig'srecordofplaying

2,160gamesinsuccession.Forthem,theseticketshaveacollector'svaluewhichfar

exceedstheadmissioncostchargedthatdaytoentertheballpark.

Aproduct9scostsimplyrepresentsthefloororminimumpricethatshouldbe

charged.Everythingchargedabovethatfloorisobtainedfromtheperceivedvaluein

themindofthepurchaser.Thinkabouthowdiversepeopleare.Itwouldbesurprising

tofindtwopeoplewhovaluethesameproductidentically.Valueishighlysubjective

andintenselypersonal.Thus,aclearlyinter-linking,data-backedvalueanalysisisthe

keytodevelopingaworthwhilepricingstructure.

Adjustingyourpricewithvalueandadoptingamulti-pricemindsetarethe

fundamentalsofpricingforprofitsandgrowth.Thetraditionalsearchfortheperfect

pricehastobereplacedwithamulti-pricemindset.Onepricesimplyisnotthebest.

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Whatisrequiredisaseriesofstrategiestobenefitfromeachcustomer'sunique

valuationofaproduct.Forexample,managersinCambeanattractionsknow

vacationersfromsnow-coveredBostonwillvaluetheirhotelroomsmorehighlyin

JanuarythanthosefromsunnyFlorida.Therefore,theyadvertisetheirroomsfor$350

adayinBostonnewspapersifyouringupandusethepromotionalcode“Boston”.

Butifyouweretousethecode“Florida"instead,youmightgetthesameroomsfor

$250aday-thepricequotedinFloridaadvertisements.

1.Whatneedsimprovingformostbusinessesaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Makingproducts.B.Expandingmarket.

C.Diggingpricing.D.Decreasingcosts.

2.Whatcanweknowabouthiddenprofits?

A.Theyrootinpersonalpreferences.B.Theyvarywiththemarket.

C.Theyareoftenover-explored.D.Theyarecloselycost-related.

3.Whatcanweinferformthelastparagraph?

A.Themorepricesoffered,themoreprofitstobemade.

B.Businessesshouldoutweighpricingoveranythingelse.

C.Customersprefertobuythesameproductsatdifferentprices.

D.Properpricingoffersashortcuttogeneratingbignewprofits.

4.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Touncoverchallengesinbusiness.

B.Toblamecasualpricingdecisions.

C.Todecodetheartofpricing.

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D.Topromotemulti-pricemindset.

(C)

ThewarmcoastofCaliforniaisaplacewheremanywesternmonarchbutterflies

stayduringthecoldwintermonthsintheUnitedStates.Researchersfeartherecord

lownumberofmonarchsthisyearcouldmeantheinsectsareindangerof

disappearinginthenearfuture.

ResearchersfromtheXercesSocietysaidtheyfoundfewerthan2,000orange一

and——blackbutterfliesintheyearlycountthisJanuary.Thatnumbershowedabig

dropfromthetensofthousandsinrecentyears.Inthe1980s,thereweremillionsof

themintreesfromNorthernCalifornia^MarinCountytoSanDiegoCountynearthe

Mexicoborder.Lastwinter,itrecordedaround29,000butterfliesinitsyearlysurvey.

Thatwassimilartothewinterbefore,whenanall-timelowof27,000monarchswas

counted.

Everywinter,westernmonarchbutterfliesflysouthfromthenorthwesternU.S.

toCalifornia.AtthestartofNovember,theyarriveinCalifornia,oftengoingtothe

sameplacesandeventhesametrees.OncewarmerweatherarrivesinMarch,the

monarchsbegintheirjourneybacknorth,stoppingsomewherealongtheroutetolay

eggs.Afteregg-laying,theadultbutterfliesdieandthenorthwardmigration(迁徙)

iscontinuedbytheirnewgenerations.Thusthemonarchbutterfliesdisperseacross

thecountry.

Scientistssaythereareseveralcausesfortheextremelylownumbersof

butterfliesinthewesternstates.Homebuildingandchemicalusehavedestroyed

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milkweedplantsalongtheirmigratorypath.Theplantsareneededformonarch

butterfliestogrowanddevelop,whichistheonlyfoodmonarchswilleatandtheonly

placetheywilllaytheireggson.Climatechangeinfluencesthegrowthofwildplants.

Andhugewildfiresinthewestmayalsohaveinfluencedtheirmigration.

Luckily,somepubliccampaignshaveencouragedpeopletoplantmilkweedin

theiryardsandcities.Peoplecanalsohelpscientistscollectdata,whichiscriticalfor

developingconservationpoliciestoprotectmonarchs.Thentherearemanylarger一

scaleeffortstoprotecthabitatsandbettermanagelandforreproduction.

1.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?

A.Bymakingclassifications.B.Bycitingstatistics.

C.Byexplainingdefinitions.D.Byanalysingcauseandeffect.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"disperse"inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Spread.B.Gather.C.Disappear.D.Hide.

3.Whichwordbestdescribesmonarchbutterflies1relationshipwithmilkweed?

A.Inseparable.B.Independent.C.Unstable.D.Unfriendly.

4.What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Monarchbutterflies1lifehabits.

B.Monarchbutterflies*livinghabitats.

C.Effortstopreservemonarchbutterflies.

D.Threatstomonarchbutterflies1survival.

(D)

Buyingclothesforaspecialevent,hidingthepriceticketsandreturningthemto

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thestorethenextdayhasforyearsbeenthemethodofeconomicalshoppers.Today

peoplearedoingitjustforsocialmedia.

AsurveyconductedbythecreditcardcompanyBarclaycardrevealedthatnearly

oneintenUKshoppersadmitstobuyingclothingonlytopostphotosonsocialmedia

fbrlikes.Afterthe“outfit（装束）oftheday“makesitonline,theyreturnittothestore.

AccordingtoBarclaycard,the“trybeforeyoubuy"policyofonlineretailers（零售商）

wherepeoplepayforclothingtheyorderonlineaftertheytryitonathomecouldbe

contributingtothisrisingtrend.

Buttheriseofsocialmediahasmeantthateveryone,notjustsuperstars,expects

tobuildandmaintainapersonalbrand.Sincewe'redocumentingourlivesand

postingthemonlinefbrpublicjudgment,gettingcaughtinthesameoutfitsmorethan

onceshouldbeavoided.Andthecostofallthoseoutfitsofthedayaddsup,which

makesreturningapopularway.

Therearebrandsthattailorclothesspecificallyforsocialmediashoppers,like

FashionNova,"Theseareclothesmadefbrsocialmedia:meanttobewornonce,

photographedandabandoned,AllisonP.Daviswroteinherreportaboutthebrand.

AnotherfavoriteofthesocialmediaageisRenttheRunway,whichletscustomers

rentdesignerclothingforafee.

Some,however,aremovingintheoppositedirection.Groupspromoting“work

uniforms"haveincreasedgreatlyinrecentyears,aimingtofreewomenfrom"the

annoyanceofclothingdecisions,,.Theconceptofthe"capsulewardrobe”（胶囊衣柜）,

whichcallsforpurchasingasmallnumberofhigh-qualitypiecesinsteadoflotsof

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trendythrowawayclothes,isalsomakingacomeback.

1.WhatdoesthesurveybyBarclaycardindicate?

A.SomeBritonssendoutfitsbackaftershoots.

B.Britonstryonclothesbeforeonlinepurchases.

C.Britonsfollowthefashionstarsclosely.

D.SomeBritonsover-orderandreturnclothes.

2.What'sFashionNova'sspecialservice?

A.Rentingchargeabledesignerclothes.

B.Offeringcustomerssingle-useclothes.

C.Creatinguniqueshoppingexperiences.

D.Helpingshoppersimprovetheirclothingstyle.

3.What'stheideabehindthe"capsulewardrobe^^?

A.Betterfewer,butbetter.

B.Lessaddition,butmoreenjoyment.

C.Lessuniformandmorefreedom.

D.Morechoicesandlessannoyance.

4.What'sthepurposeoftheauthortowritethetext?

A.Tocomparedifferentwearingtrends.

B.Tocriticizethe“trybeforeyoubuy“policy.

C.Toadvocatebuyinghigh-qualityclothes.

D.TointroduceBritain'snewwearingtrend.

（E）

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The.productionanddistributionoffoodaccountsfbraroundathirdofthe

world'stotalgreenhousegasemissions（排放）.Butasaconsumer?it'sdifficultto

measuretheclimateimpactofwhatyoueat.

ADublin-basedstartupcalledEvoccocouldsoonmakeitmucheasier.Itlets

userstrackandimprovetheclimateimpactofyourfoodpurchases.Userssimply

photographtheirgroceryreceiptsusingtheEvoccoapp,whichidentifiesthefood

productsbyreadingtheprintedtextandusingmachinelearning.Itthencalculatesthe

carbonfootprintbasedonthestore'slocationandbycheckingthetype,weightand

origino£afoodagainstadatabase.ThedatabaseismaintainedbyEaternity,alife

cycleassessmentcompanybasedinSwitzerland.Ifthereceiptdoesn'tcontainenough

dataonaproduct,itwillgiveanestimatebasedonsimilarproductsandreference

points.

TheappisavailableforfreeoniOSandAndroiddevices,whichhasbeen

downloadedmorethan1,000timessinceitslaunchattheendoflastyear.Aswellas

thepersonalshoppingapp一whichEvoccohopestolaunchintheUnitedStatesby

theendofthisyear—thecompanyisdevelopingadigitaltooltoselltofood

storekeepers,e-commerceplatformsanddeliveryappsthatwilltracktheclimate

impactofaproduct'sjourneythroughthesupplychain.Theaimistohelp

storekeepersprovideclimateimpactinformationdirectlytoconsumers,andmore

importantly,togiveEvoccoaccesstoproductdatatoimproveitsapp.

TheEvoccoappisnottheonlyapplookingtoreachthisclimate-conscious

market.There'sCapture,whichestimatesmonthlyCO2emissionsbyaskingusersa

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seriesofquestionsondiet,transportandotherfactors,aswellasYayzyandMy

Cai,bonAction,whichlinktoauser'sbankaccount,calculatingtheirfootprintfrom

trade.

1.WhatistheEvoccoappdesignedtodo?

A.Confirmtheoriginoffoodproducts.

B.Workouttheclimateeffectoffood.

C.Collectvarietiesofgroceryreceipts.

D.Monitorcustomers1shoppingpractices.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto?

A.Theproduct.B.Thereceipt.C.Evocco.D.Eatemity.

3.WhatdoweknowaboutthecompanyEvoccofromParagraph3?

A.Itprofitsagreatdealfromitsapp.

B.IthaslauncheditsappinAmerica.

C.Itistryingtogetitsappimproved.

D.Itpreferstosellitsapptostorekeepers.,

4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphimply?.

A.TheEvoccoappisstillfarfromsatisfactory.

B.Smarttoolsmaketrackingcarbonfootprinteasier.

C.Presentdigitalmarketsshouldbestrictlyrestricted

D.Environmentalawarenessboostsfoodindustryrapidly.

(F)

It'sbecomeanacceptedpartofkeepinguptodatewithextendedfamilyand

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friends,butifschoolchildrenwereintheirparents9shoes,themajoritywouldn'tshare

postsoftheirsonsanddaughtersonline.Over55%saidtheywouldnotuploadnews

about,orimagesoftheirchildrentotheirsocialmedia,accordingtoasurveyofover

16,000pupilsbyVotesforSchools.

Whilesomewereconcernedaboutbeingembarrassedorthecontentwhichcould

remainonlineindefinitely,othersexpressedconcernabouttheirpersonaldatabeing

revealed.Oneofthepupilssurveyedsaid,"Althoughourparentsmeanwell,sometimes

theconsequenceofapostcanbedisastrous.^^

Inresponsetothesurvey,children'smentalhealthcharityPlace2Beandlawfirm

MishcondeReyahaveproducedthreefilmsaheadoftheChristmasholidays—thebest

periodforparentaloversharing.

Inonevideo,aboutsafetyonline,10-year-oldAdavansaid,"Ifyoushareanything

withyourfamily,youknowwho'sgoingtoseeit.Butifyoushareitpublicly,thereare

millionsofpeoplewhocanseeyourpicture.”

JoeHancock,asecurityleadatMishcondeReya,encouragedparentstoshare

wisely."Simplesteps,suchascheckingyourprivacysettingsandaskingothersnotto

sharecontentofyourchildrenontheiraccountsiftheyhaven'tupdatedtheirprivacy

settings,areagoodstart.And,aswefoundoutfromthechildrenduringfilming,having

theirpermissioniskey,“hesaid.

Thestudymarksashiftawayfromtheusualdebateaboutteachingchildrentouse

theInternetsafely.SandraDavis,headofthelaw行rm'sfamilydepartment,said,

"Childrenaretheexpertsontherealandimmediateimpactofsharenting（晒娃）一the

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fullextentofwhichwecannotknowyet.Wemustensurewelistentochildrenandtake

theirviewsintoconsiderationnowinordertoavoidanyunintendedconsequences

furtherdowntheline.^^

1.What'smostpupils'attitudetowardssharingpostsaboutchildren?

A.Skeptical.B.Tolerant.C.Unwilling.D.Unconcerned.

2.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph2?

A.Summarizethepreviousparagraph.

B.Providesomeadviceforparents.

C.Predicttheconsequenceofsharingposts.

D.Givereasonsfortheresultofthesurvey.

3.WhatshouldparentsfirstpayattentiontoaccordingtoJoeHancock?

A.Safety.B.Consequence.C.Wisdom.D.Health.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Parentsshouldtakechildren'sopinionsintoaccount.

B.ParentsshouldteachchildrentousetheInternetsafely.

C.Childrenmustmakesuretolistentotheirparents.

D.Childrenshouldavoidunintendedconsequencesofsharenting.

（G）

Overthelastdecade,GrandpaRon,asthestudentscallhim,hasvolunteered

thousandsofhourseveryyeartobewithlocalschoolchildren一butitwasn'tuntil

classesmovedonlineduetoCOVID-19thatRonJacobsonrealizedhisimpact.That

impactreachedfardeeperthanbeingaschoolvolunteer.Andthosestudentswerenow

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missingthehugshegavethemeverymorning.

BackinMarch2020,Jacobsonhadalreadyvolunteeredfor900hoursduringthe

2019—2020schoolyearbythetimeCieEIum-RoslynElementaryinRonald,

Washington,closeditsdoorsandturnedtoonlineteaching.

Thesekidswhoreliedonmebeingthereforthemhadsuddenlylostme,“

Jacobsonsaid."Whentheystarteddoingtheirschoolworkonline,severalsaidthat

theymissedGrandpaRon.^^