2022年全国卷高考英语模拟试题卷无听力含答案(二)

2022年全国卷高考英语模拟试题卷无听力

班级：姓名：座号：

一、阅读理解（共15题，每题2分，共30分）

IfyouliveinNewYorkCity,chancesarethatyoucancomeacrossamostspecial

sight一apublictrashcontainingalarge,colorfularrangementofflowers,making

itlooklikeagiantvase.Theyhavebeenpoppingupallaroundthecity,stopping

peopleintheirtracksandputtingasmileontheirfaces.

TheyaretheworkofLewisMiller,alocalfloraldesignerwhousesleftover

flowersanddecorativeplantsfromweddingsandothereventstoaddabitofcolor

tothesidewalksofthecity.LewiscameupwiththeideainOctober2016,whenhe

andhisteambrought2,000flowerstotheJohnLennon"Imagine“MemorialinCentral

Parktocreatesomecolorfulvisions.Theenergytheygotfrompassers-byinspired

himtocontinuetheproject.Now,hecreateswhathecalls〃FlowerFlashes”.

Believeitornot,therearethepreparationstheyhavetomake.Theirworkall

startswithlotsandlotsofpicturesofemptygarbagecans,locatedin

well-trafficked（人流量大的）areasofNewYork.Choosingtherightonetobeautify

canbetricky,butLewisusuallykeepsaneyeoutfornearbyhand-paintedinteresting

architecture,touseasanappealingbackdrop.Then,earlyinthemorning,Lewis

andhisteamwilltraveltothechosentrashcantoarrangetheflowersandplants

necessaryfortheincredibletransformation.

"They'reourflowerstoNewYork,〃saidIriniGreenbaum,directorofspecial

projectsatLewisMillerDesign."That'sreallythemessage-togiftflowersto

NewYorkersfornootherreasonthantomakethemsmile.Ifthey'rereallyearly

risersandtheycomewhilewe'remakingthem,theyaskuswhatit'sfor,andwe

say,‘It'sforyou.'Theytrulydon'tbelieveus一thatdisbeliefisveryNew

York."

Afterfinishingthejob,theyleavethesignature〃LMDXNYC"neareachoftheir

colorfulvases,sothatcuriouspeoplecansearchonlineandfindtheirpagetosee

theirothertrashcanarrangements.EverythingispaidforoutofLewis'ownpocket,

buthesaysthatseeingthesmilesonpeople'sfaceswhentheyseetheunusualflower

arrangementsisalltherewardheneeds.

1.WhatmotivatedLewistocontinuetosetupz，FlowerFlashes”?

A.Therubbish?slowrecyclingrate.B.Thecitizens'positiveresponse.

八g,D.TheCentralPark'sbad

C.Ihegovernmentsstrongsupport..

environment.

2.Whatdotheteam'spreparationsindicate?

A.Theypayalottoworkontheproject,

B.They'vebeautifiedmanygarbagecans,

C.Theycanhardlyfindemptygarbagecans.

D.Theyneedconsiderabledecorativematerials.

3.WhichwordscanbestdescribeLewis?

A.Helpfulandcalm.B.Generousandbrave.

C.Ambitiousandhonest.D.Selflessandcreative.

Foodanddrinkmakersareaddingcaffeine（咖啡因）toagrowingnumberofproducts.

Isitsafeforkidstoconsumetheseproducts?

Youmayhaveheardadultssaytheycan'tgetgoinginthemorningwithouta

cupofcoffee.Onereasonwhytheymayfeelthatwayisthatcoffeecontainscaffeine,

asubstance（物质）knowntoimproveandincreaseenergy.Caffeineoccursnaturally

incoffee,tea,andcocoabeans,whichareusedtomakechocolate.Butnowfoodmakers

areaddingcaffeinetomanyproducts,frompopcornandpotatochipstowater."It's

possibleforallofthiscaffeineconsumptiontoaddupandbecomedangerous,“says

VirginiaStallings,adoctorattheChildren'sHospitalofPhiladelphia.

Studiesshowthattoomuchcaffeinecancauseinabilitytosleep,andaracing

heartbeat.WhatJsmore,caffeineishabit-forming.Thosewhoconsumeitregularly

andstopsuddenlymayexperienceheadachesandfeeltired.

Oneofthebiggestproblemsisthelargeamountofcaffeineaddedtoso-called

energydrinks,likeRedBui1.A12-ouncecanofcolahasabout35milligramsof

caffeine.AsimilarservingofRedBullcontainsmorethantriple（三倍）thatamount.

Emergency-roomvisitsrelatedtoenergy-drinkconsumptionwereupfrom10,068visits

in2007to20,783in2011.

Teenagersshouldbeawareofcaffeine'seffectsonhealthandonthebrain.

Take,forexample,teenagerswhoconsumecaffeinetostayawakeandstudyforatest.

Theeffect?Researchshowstheymayrememberlessofwhattheyjuststudied.

Sowhatcanbedonetoprotectyoungpeoplefromtheharmfuleffectsofcaffeine?

MichaelJacobsonoftheCenterforScienceinthePublicInterest,saystheFDAneeds

tosetlimitsoncaffeine,especiallyinenergydrinks.Theamountofcaffeineshould

beprintedonfoodlabelstowarnconsumers.Doctorssaykidsshouldavoidcaffeine.

Ifyouneedextraenergy,trythesenaturalmethodsinstead:eatingright,exercising,

andgettingplentyofsleep.

4.Accordingtothetext,it'sdangeroustoaddmore___todrinks.

A.teaB.chocolateC.yoghurtD.caffeine

5.WhatshouldtheFDAdoinprotectingtheconsumers?

A.Drawupaprojectaboutphysicalexercise.

B.Forbidkidsfromhavingwaterwithcaffeine.

C.Createasetofstandardsoncaffeineproducts.

D.Notallowenergydrinkstoappearinthemarket.

6.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.ColahasmuchmorecaffeinetheRedBull.

B.Morepeoplearesufferingfromenergydrinks.

C.DrinkingenoughRedBullcanhelpsleepwell.

D.Havingtoomuchcaffeinecanimprovememory.

7.Thetextiswrittenmainlyforthose___.

A.whooftenhaveheadachesB.whoarecaffeine-productlovers

C.whousuallyfeeltiredD.whoarefoodanddrinkmakers

Fourbillionyearsago,ourthenyoungsungaveoutonly70to75percentas

muchenergyasitdoestoday.OtherthingsonEarthbeingequal,withsolittleenergy

reachingtheplanet?ssurface,allwaterontheplanetshouldhavebeenfrozen.

ButancientrocksholdampleevidencethattheearlyEarthwasswallowedinliquid

water.SosomethingmusthavemadeupforthereducedsolaroutputandkeptEarth's

waterwet.

Toexplainthis,athenpopulartheoryheldtheremusthavebeenhigher

concentrationsofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,mostlikelycarbondioxide,

whichwouldhavehelpedrelainagreaterproportionofthesolarenergythatarrived.

ButateamofEarthscientistshaveanalyzedthemineralcontentof

3.8-bi11ion-year-o1dmarinerocksandconcludedotherwise.Thereisnogeologic（地

质的）evidenceintheserocksforreallyhighconcentrationsofagreenhousegas

likecarbondioxide.Instead,theteamproposesthatthevastglobaloceanofearly

Earthabsorbedagreaterpercentageoftheincomingsolarenergythantoday's

less-scaledoceans,enoughtopreventafrozenplanet.Becausethefirst

landmasses（大陆块）thatformedonEarthweresmall,afargreaterproportionofthe

surfacewascoveredwithwaterthanthatoftoday.

Thekeypointofthetheoryisthatbecauseoceansaredarkerthancontinents,

particularlybeforeplantsandsoilscoveredlandmasses,seasabsorbmoresunlight.

Anotherkeycomponentofthetheoryistheclouds.Notallcloudsarethesame.Clouds

reflectsunlightbackintospacetoadegree,coolingEarth,buthoweffectivethey

aredependsonthenumberoftinyparticlesavailabletoserveasnuclei（水汽凝

结核）aroundwhichthewaterdropletscancondense（凝结）.Morenucleimeanmore

dropletsofasmallersize,whichmakeforadensercloudandagreaterreflectivity

onthepartofthecloud.

Mostnucleitodayaregeneratedbyplantsoralgae（藻类）andpromotethe

formationofnumeroussmalldroplets.ButtherewerenJtmanyplantsandalgaeuntil

muchlaterinEarthJshistory,sotheircontributionsofpotentialnucleitothe

earlyatmosphereabout4billionyearsagoprobablywereminimal.

Weputtogethersomemodelsthatdemonstrate,withtheslowcontinentalgrowthand

withalimitedamountofclouds,youcouldkeepwaterfromfreezingthroughout

geologichistory.Theconclusionfromallthisisthathavinghighcarbondioxide

concentrationsdoesn,tmakesense.ThetheoryofalowerEarthlyreflectivity

counterbalanced（抵消）theweakersunandprovidedEarthwithwarmconditionswithout

theneedfordramaticallyhigherconcentrationsofgreenhousegassesinthe

atmosphere.

8.WhatwasEarth1ikefourbillionyearsago?

A.Thesunreleasedlessenergy.B.Moretreescoveredtheground.

C.AllwateronEarthwasfrozen.D.Therewasstrongercarbondioxide.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword〃retain"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Replace.B.Consume.C.Prevent.D.Store.

10.WhatmightaccountforstoppingEarth'swaterfromfreezingfourbillionyears

ago?

A.Alargequantityofalgaeintheoceans.

B.Aconsiderableamountofgreenhousegases.

C.Theclouds'weakerabilitytoreflectsunlight.

D.Therocks'strongerabilitytoabsorbsunlight.

11.What'stheauthor?spurposeofwritingthepassage?

A.Toexplainhowcloudsreflectsunlight.

B.ToexplorewhatkeepsEarthJswaterunfrozen.

C.Tojustifysometheoriesaboutglobalwarming.

D.ToshowthegreatchangesEarthhasexperienced.

WhatDoestheLengthofYourFingersSayAboutYou?

Areyouthepeace-lovingtypeortheambitiousgo-getter?Yourfingerlength

mightbeaclue.Takealookatyourfingers.WouldyoubelievemeifItoldyou

thatthelengthofyourfingersinrelationtooneanothercanpredictyour

personality?IknowthatitsoundslikeoneofthosesillytestsyouseeonFacebook,

butIhavetoadmitthatitisexactlycorrectforme.Here,showitworks.

Lookatyourthreemiddlefingersofyourhand.Isyourindexfingerlongerthan

yourringfinger?Isyourringfingerlongerthanyourindexfinger?Orarethetwo

ofthesamelength?Findthesituationthatbestmatchesyourhandandseeifwhat

followsisanaccuratedescriptionofyourpersonality.

•Longerringfinger:TheSweetTalker

Ifyourringfingerislongerthanyourindexfinger,researchshowsthatyou're

likelyacharmingtype,andyoucanprobablytalkyourselfoutofanysituation.

Othersoftenfindthispersonalitytypeirresistibleandwillgotogreatlengths

tohelpyou.You'remorelikelytotakerisks,andyou'regoodatproblem-solving.

Peopleinthiscategorymakegreatengineers,soldiersandcrossword-puzz1esolvers.

•Longerindexfinger:The(Over)ConfidentOne

Ifyourindexfingerislongerthanyourringfinger,chancesareyouarefull

ofconfidence—possiblyeventothepointofbeingover-confidentandproud.You

arenotnecessarilyintroverted(内向的)，butyoudoenjoyLimetoyourself,

especiallywhenyou'retryingtocompleteaproject.Youareadreampursuerwho

canmakethingshappen,butyoumaybeshywhenitconiestotakingthefirststep

inarelationship.Youarealsoprobablyhappywithwhatyouhave,butyou'realways

wishingformore.

•Indexandringfingerofthesamelength:ThePeacemaker

Ifyourindexfingerandringfingerareroughlyofthesamelength,youare

likelytoavoidconflictatallcostsandseektokeepthepeaceinyourrelationships.

Youarewell-organized,faithfulandsympathetic.Butdeepdownunderallofthat

caringandpeace-loving,youalsohaveahot-temperedsidethatcanappear

unexpectedlywhenyou'repushedtoofar.Youwilltryyourhardesttoavoidafight.

Howwelldothesedescriptionsmatchyourpersonality?Iwassurprisedatthe

accuracyinmycase,butI'mnotgoingtotellyouwhichoneitwas!

13.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethattheauthor

A.isverycharmingandhelpful

B.alwaystrieshardtoavoidafight

C.oftentakessillytestsonFacebook

D.thinksthedescriptionssuithimwell

14.Whatdoesthepassageintendtotellus?

A.Howaccuratethedescriptionofthetestis.

B.Thelengthoffingerscanrevealpersonality.

C.Whyyourfingersarenotofthesamelength.

D.Personalityisdeterminedbyyourfingerlength.

15.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?

A.Apopularmagazine.B.Anofficialreport.

C.Apublicadvertisement.D.Abiologytextbook.

评卷人得分

二、七选五（共5题，每题2分，共10分）

Youhavelotsofemotions.Atdifferenttimes,youmaybehappy,sad,orjealous.

Angerisjustanotherkindofemotionthatyoufeel.It'sOKtobeangryattimes.

Infact,it'simportanttogetangrysometimes.16Otherwiseyou'11belike

apotofboilingwaterwiththelidlefton.Ifthesteamdoesn,tescape,thewater

willfinallyboiloverandblowitstop!

17

Manythingsmaymakeyouangry.Youmaygetangrywhensomethingdoesn,tgoyour

way.Maybeyougetmadatyourselfwhenyoucan'tdoyourhomeworkorwhenyoulose

animportantgame.Whenyouhaveahardtimereachingagoal,youmaygetangry.

HowcanItellwhensomeoneelseisangry?

Whensomeoneisangry,hemaygoawayorstoptalkingtoyou.Orhemaybecomequiet

suddenly.18Inthiscase,youshouldgetawayassoonaspossible.

WhatshouldIdoifIgetangry?

Don'tlosecontrolifyougetangry.Takingitoutonothersneversolvesanything.

19Whatcanyoudotokeepthesituationfromhappeningagain?Ifyourscience

homeworkistoohard,askyourteacheroraparentforhelpinstead.Ithelpsto

talkaboutyourangerwithanadult,suchasaparent,ateacher,orarelative.

20

A.Whatmakesyouangry?

B.Howdoyouknowyouareangry?

C.Butangermustbereleasedintherightway.

D.Therearedifferentwayspeoplereleaseanger.

E.Somepeoplescreamandtrytoharmanyonecloseby.

F.Instead,admittoyourselfthatyouareangryandtrytofigureoutwhy.

G.Onceyoutalkaboutanger,thosebadfeelingsusuallystarttogoaway.

评卷人得分

三、完形填空（共20题，每题1.5分，共30分）

ShahrokhZahiricouldeasilychoosetostopstudyingduetohisfather'sdeath

andhisfamily*sfinancialproblems.But,withallthe21inhislife,Shahrokh

completedhisdiplomainliterature.Andtheinterestingthingwasthathewas_22

tryingtogetintouniversitytostudyamajorinlaw.Thisfieldofstudywasreally

23forsomeonewhowasworkingaswell.

ButShahrokhstudiedhard24hegotintoTehranUniversity.Hewasliving

inQomandhetraveledtoTehranto25hisclassesthreetimesaweek.The_26

ofthedaysheworkedtosupporthisfamily.

Withallhisefforts,hislifewasonagoodpath27theageoftwenty-eight

whenhewasdiagnosedwithtuberculosis（结核病）.Hewasscared,butnever28

hope.Herememberedallthetroubleshehadmetinhislife,andsohestartedto

29__again,butthistimeitwasforhis30.Eventhoughhewasworkingtwojobs,

hetriedsohardtofightand31hesucceededindefeatingthedisease.

Hehad32dreams,buteventhoughhewastryingreallyhard,ashemoved

forwardhefeltasifhewasmovingfurtherawayfromhis33.ButShahrokhwas

34_andeventhoughhewasforty-twoyearsold,withgreat35heopenedupa

factory,producingnewproducts.Helistenedtohisheartwhichsaid,“Havefaith,

andyou,1136.〃

He37tostartupacompanyandunlessyou38hislifestory,youwouldn,t

believethatabrand,whichhasmorethanten39andmorethan10,000employees,

was40bysomeoneattheageofforty-twowithasmallamountofinvestment.

21.A.informationB.hardshipC.pleasureD.design

22.A.justB.neverC.stillD.even

23.A.difficultB.comfortableC.interestingD.expensive

24.A.becauseB.butC.andD.or

25.A.attendB.joinC.visitD.follow

26.A.sectionB.halfC.partD.rest

27.A.afterB.untilC.atD.during

28.A.searchedforB.turnedtoC.dependedonD.gaveup

29.A.developB.strikeC.fightD.leave

30.A.healthB.fortuneC.honorD.future

31.A.graduallyB.immediatelyC.suddenlyD.finally

32.A.badB.bigC.impracticalD.smal1

33.A.dreamsB.villagersC.classmatesD.relatives

34.A.embarrassedB.puzzledC.determinedD.disappointed

35.A.beliefB.courageC.cautionD.curiosity

36.A.changeB.arriveC.continueD.succeed

37.A.attemptedB.happenedC.managedD.refused

38.A.seeB.readC.watchD.observe

39.A.factoriesB.restaurantsC.hospitalsD.colleges

40.A.exhibitedB.inventedC.startedD.protected

第II卷（非选择题）

请点击修改第II卷的文字说明

评卷人得分

四、语法填空（共10题，每题L5分，共15分）

FormerHollywoodchildstarShirleyTemple41(die)onMondayathomein

Woodside,California,fromnaturalcauses.

Withhercharmandblondecurls,shewasoneof42(popular)starsof43

1930sinhitmovieslikeBrightEyesandStandUpandCheer.

Hersinging,dancingandactingwonoverfansworldwide.She44(give)aspecial

juvenileOscarin1935,45shewasjustsevenyearsold.Tothisday,sheis

stilltheyoungestperson46(receive)anAcademyAward.

ShirleyTemplestarted47(she)filmcareeratthreeyearsold.Between1934

481938sheappearedinmorethan20filmsandwasconsistentlythetopUSmovie

star.

Herfinalfilm,JKissforCorliss,isavailabletowatchonlineforfree.Thisis

thestar,sfinalmomentonthebigscreen.

Afterretiring49filmsin1950attheageof22,Templeonceagainbecamethe

focus50apoliticiananddiplomat(夕卜交官).

评卷人得分

五、短文改错（共1题，每题10分，共10分）

51.Somenoteswillrememberyouhowtopresentyourideaswhenyouaregivinga

speech.

评卷人得分

六、书面表达（共1题，每题25分，共25分）

52.假定你是李华。你的美国朋友John来信询问中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜

利70周年纪念大会举行的相关信息。请你给他回一封信,要点如下：

1.时间:9月3日；

2.地点:天安门广场；

3.庆祝现场简介；

4.你的观后感。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.开头语已为你写好。

参考词汇:阅兵amilitaryparade;70响礼炮a70-gunsalute;中国人民抗日战争the

ChinesePeople;sWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggression;世界反法西斯战争

theWorldAnti-FascistWar

DearJohn,

I'mgladtoreceiveyourletter.

Yours,

LiHua

参考答案

1.B

【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的〃stoppingpeopleintheirtracksandputting

asmileontheirfaces〃和第二段中的〃Theenergytheygotfrompassers-byinspired

himtocontinuetheproject.Now,hecreateswhathecallsTlowerFlashes'"

可知，路人的积极反应激励着LewisMiller继续进行这个项目。故选B。

2.A

【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段对他们开展这个项目的准备工作的介绍,尤其是〃Their

workallstartswithlotsandlotsofpicturesofemptygarbagecans〃〃Choosingthe

rightonetobeautifycanbetricky〃〃Then,earlyinthemorning,Lewisandhisteam

willtraveltothechosentrashcan〃等信息可知，他们在开展这个项目的过程中需要进

行大量的准备工作。由此可推知,他们为开展这个项目付出了很多。故选A。

【干扰项分析】文中的“Theirworkallstartswithlotsandlotsofpicturesofempty

garbagecans，z，/Choosingtherightonetobeautifycanbetricky”说明了他们首先需

要收集大量的空垃圾桶的图片,而选择合适的图片来美化垃圾桶是很费事的,且下文紧接着

阐述了如何选择合适的图片来美化垃圾桶,故文中重在突出对垃圾桶进行美化是有难度的，

并不是说他们已经美化了许多垃圾桶或他们很难找到空的垃圾桶,故可排除B项和C项;D项

在文中无相关的信息支撑,故可排除。

3.D

【解析】考查推理判断。通读全文,尤其是第一段中的〃amostspecialsight—apublic

trashcontainingalarge,colorfularrangementofflowers,makingitlooklikea

giantvase”和最后一段中的〃EverythingispaidforoutofLewis'ownpocket,buthe

saysthatseeingthesmilesonpeople,sfaceswhentheyseetheunusualflower

arrangementsisalltherewardheneeds”可知，LewisMiller自掏腰包开展这个项目，

只为看到路人脸上的笑容;他创造性地把垃圾桶进行美化，从而使这些垃圾桶成为纽约街道

一道亮丽的风景线。由此可推知,他是无私且具有创造力的。故选及

【备注】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纽约市的特殊景色一一用花装扮的公共垃圾桶,

这些都是LewisMiller带领他的团队亲手装扮的。他们不求任何回报，只为博路人开心一笑。

4.D

第9页

【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子It'spossibleforallofthiscaffeine

consumptiontoaddupandbecomedangerous,可知给饮料中加入咖啡因是危险的。选D。

5.C

【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子MichaelJacobsonoftheCenterforScience

inthePublicInterest,saystheFDAneedstosetlimitsoncaffeine,especially

inenergydrinks.可知FDA应该给咖啡因产品设立一个标准来保护消费者。选C。

6.B

【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段的句子Emergency-roomvisitsrelatedtoenergy-drink

consumptionwereupfrom10,068visitsin2007to20,783in2011..可知更多的人因

为能量饮料受苦。故选B。

7.B

【解析】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知文章介绍现在很多功能饮料里面加了咖啡因，这对

人们的健康有害，可知文章主要是写给对功能饮料有瘾的人。故选瓦

【备注】文章介绍现在很多功能饮料里面加了咖啡因，这对人们的健康有害。

8.A

【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Fourbillionyearsago,ourthenyoungsungave

outonly70to75percentasmuchenergyasitdoestoday”可知，四十亿年前，当时太

阳散发的能量只相当于现在的70%—75%。由此可见,相比现在,当时的太阳释放了更少的能

量。

【易错点拨】考生易误选D项。考生可能会根据文中的〃theremusthavebeenhigher

concentrationsofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,mostlikelycarbondioxide”

而误认为40亿年前,地球上含有浓度更高的诸如二氧化碳之类的温室气体，但是结合上文的

〃athenpopulartheory〃和下文第三段中否定该理论的相关信息“Thereisnogeologic（地

质的）evidenceintheserocksforreallyhighconcentrationsofagreenhousegas

likecarbondioxide〃可知，并没有证据能够证明当时地球上有浓度更高的诸如二氧化碳之

类的温室气体;C项与原文不符,故可排除。

9.D

【解析】考查词义猜测。根据前两段的内容,尤其是第二段中的〃Toexplainthis,athen

populartheoryheldtheremusthavebeenhigherconcentrationsofgreenhousegases

第10页

intheatmosphere,mostlikelycarbondioxide...thatarrived”可知，一种解释40亿

年前地球上是没有结冰的著名理论是当时大气中一定有高浓度的诸如二氧化碳之类的温室

气体,而这种温室气体帮助储存了到达地球表面的更高比例的太阳能,画线词retain意为“

保留，保持“，同D项含义相近。

【背景知识】温室效应,又称"花房效应”,是大气保温效应的俗称。温室效应是指透射阳光的

密闭空间由于与外界缺乏热交换而形成的保温效应,即太阳短波辐射可以透过大气射入地面,

而地面增暖后放出的长波辐射却被大气中的二氧化碳等物质吸收,从而产生大气变暖的效

应。大气中的二氧化碳就像一层厚厚的玻璃,使地球变成了一个大暖房。大气中的二氧化碳

浓度增加，阻止地球热量的散失,使地球的气温升高,这就是有名的"温室效应”。

10.C

【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段的内容可知,云的反射效率有赖于一些小颗粒的数量，

这些小颗粒充当了凝结小水滴的核。核越多意味着小水滴越多，云层就越厚,云层的反射率就

越高，而到达地球表面的太阳能也就越少;再结合第五段的内容可知,现在许多的核来源于植

被或藻类，但是直到地球历史的晚期大量的植被和藻类才出现,所以40亿年前,它们对早期

大气中的潜在的核的贡献是极小的。言外之意便是,40亿年前,较薄的云层促使更多的太阳

能到达了地球表面,从而使地面的温度升高,阻止了水的结冰,故选C。

【干扰项分析】根据第五段中的"Butthereweren'tmanyplantsandalgaeuntilmuch

laterinEarth,shistory,sotheircontributionsofpotentialnucleitotheearly

atmosphereabout4billionyearsagoprobablywereminimal”可知，40亿年前藻类的

数量是很少的,再结合第四段的内容可知，较多的藻类会促使较厚的云层的出现,从而加强云

层对太阳光的反射,引起地球表面温度降低而非升高,更谈不上会阻止水结冰了，故可排除A

项;根据第二、三段的内容可知，大气中更高浓度的温室气体阻止了地球上的水结冰这一理

论遭到了否定，故可排除B项；根据第三段中的"Thereisnogeologic（地质的）evidencein

theserocksforreallyhighconcentrationsofagreenhousegaslikecarbondioxide”

可知,岩石中也并未发现诸如二氧化碳之类更高浓度的温室气体,故可排除D项。

11.B

【解析】考查作者意图。通读全文,尤其是最后一段的内容可知，作者在本文中主要针对40

亿年前,在太阳光比现在弱的情况下，地球上的水却不会结冰这一现象否定高浓度的二氧化

碳这个理论,提出了一种新的地球反射率低的理论。故作者写作本文的目的是探索什么使40

亿年前地球上的水不会结冰。故选Bo

【备注】本文是一篇科普说明文。作者通过科学分析，提出了地球的低反射率可以保持水不

会结冰的观点。

【全文翻译】

第11页

40亿年前,当时早期的太阳散发的能量只有现在的70%—75%。在地球上其他的事物（与

现在）一样的情况下，由于到达地球表面的能量太少，地球上所有的水本应都结冰。但是古老

的岩石上却有足够的证据表明，早期的地球（确实）浸泡在液态水中。因此,一定有某个东西弥

补了减少的太阳光的输出量，保持地球潮湿。

为了解释这一点,一个当时很流行的理论认为,大气中一定有某种高浓度的温室气体,极有可

能是二氧化碳,帮助留住了大部分到达（地球）的太阳能。

但是一群地球科学家分析了38亿年之久的海洋岩石上的矿物质，否定了这一理论。没有地质

上的证据表明这些岩石中含有像二氧化碳之类的高浓度的温室气体。反而，这群科学家认为,

相比现在规模较小的海洋,早期地球上广袤的海洋吸收了更高比例的到达（地球）的太阳能，

足够可以让地球不结冰。因为地球上最初形成的大陆块面积较小,所以被水覆盖的地表面积

比例比现在大得多。

这个理论的关键之处在于,因为海洋比陆地颜色要深一些,尤其是在植被和土壤覆盖大陆块

之前,所以海洋吸收的太阳光也就多一些.另外一个关键就是云彩。不是所有的云彩都是相

同的。云彩也会一定程度地向太空反射太阳光,冷却地球,但是反射效率有赖于一些小颗粒的

数量，这些小颗粒充当了凝结小水滴的核。核越多意味着小水滴越多，云层就越厚,云层的反

射率就越高。

现在大部分的核来自植被或者藻类,有助于大量小水滴的形成。但是直到地球历史的晚期，

才有大量的植被和藻类出现,所以,它们对大约40亿年前的早期大气中的潜在的核的贡献是

极小的。

我们把这些理论模式放在一起就是为了证明：因为各大陆增长缓慢以及云彩数量有限，你是

可以在（整个地球的）地质历史上保持水不会结冰的。根据以上的推论可以作出如下结论:高

浓度的二氧化碳的理论是说不通的。不需要大气中极高浓度的二氧化碳,地球反射率低理论

抵消了极弱的太阳光，给地球提供了温暖的环境。

12.A

【解析】细节理解题。根据・Longerringfinger:TheSweetTalker部分中“Ifyourring

fingerislongerthanyourindexfinger,researchshowsthatyou'relikelyacharming

type…You'remorelikelytotakerisks,andyou'regoodatproblem-solving.People

inthiscategorymakegreatengineers,soldiersandcrossword-puzz1esolvers.”

可知，研究表明，如果你的无名指长于食指，你可能是个魅力型人物，你也许在任何场合

都能侃侃而谈，这一类人能成为伟大的工程师，军人和填字谜研究家。感谢A。

13.D

第12页

【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"Howwelldothesedescriptionsmatchyour

personality?Iwassurprisedattheaccuracyinmycase,butI'mnotgoingtotell

youwhichoneitwas!"可知，这几种描述与作者自己的情况非常符合。故选D。

14.B

【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述从手指长度可以看出性格？这可不是算命，而是科学家

调查研究后的结果。故选B。

15.A

【解析】推理判断题。根据内容可知，这是一份调查研究，发表在杂志上更合适些；同时也

可以采用排除法。故选A。

【备注】从手指长度可以看出性格？这可不是算命，而是科学家调查研究后的结果。研究发

现，无名指比食指长的人，运动神经更发达，方向感也更强；食指比无名指更长的人，言语

记忆能力更强。不过，无名指长的人更容易患多动症和自闭症，食指长的人更容易患抑郁症。

16.C

【解析】上下文过渡句。根据下文"否则你就会像一壶盖着盖子的沸水，如果不及时释放蒸汽,

沸水便会溢出,掀翻盖子”可知,此处应是建议合理释放愤怒,因此选Co

17.A

【解析】段落主旨句。分析本文的结构可知，此处应为段落标题。下文提到“Manythingsmay

makeyouangry”多种因素会导致你愤怒，并且对此进行举例说明可知,本段的标题句应是”

是什么使你愤怒?”故选A。

18.E

【解析】细节支撑句。