石油产品运动黏度测定法和动力黏度计算法

石油产品运动黏度测定法和动力黏度计算法本方法适用于测定液体石油产品（指牛顿液体）的运动黏度，其单位为m2/s，通常在实际中使用为mm2/s，运动黏度可由测得的运动黏度乘以液体的密度求得。注：本方法所测之液体是剪切应力和剪切速率之比----常数，也就是黏度与剪切应速率和剪切无关，这种液体称为牛顿液体。1方法概要本方法在某一恒定的温度下，测定一定体积的液体在重力下流过一个标定好的玻璃毛细管黏度计的时间，黏度计的毛细管常数与流动时间的乘积，即为该温度下测定液体的运动黏度。在温度t时运动黏度用符号ut表示。该温度下运动黏度和同温度下液体的密度之积为该温度下液体的动力黏度。在温度t时的动力黏度用符号qt表示。2仪器与材料每支黏度计必须按JJG155《工作毛细管黏度计坚定规程》进行检定并确定常数。测定试样的运动黏度时，应根据试验的温度选用适当的黏度计，务使试样的流动时间不少于200s，内径0.4mm的黏度计流动时间不少于350s。带有透明壁或观察孔的恒温浴，其高度不小于180mm，容积不小于2L，并且附设着自动搅拌装置和一个能够准确地调节温度的电热装置。在0℃和低于0℃测定运动黏度时，使用桶形开有看窗的透明保温瓶，其尺寸与前述的透明恒温浴相同，并设有搅拌装置。根据测定的条件，要在恒温中注入一种液体，如表C5。表C5在不同温度使用的恒温液体测定的温度恒温浴液体50----10020----500------200-----—50透明矿物油、丙三醇（甘油）或25%硝酸铵水溶液（该溶液表面会浮着一层透明的矿物油）水水与冰的混合物，或乙醇与干冰（固体二氧化碳）的混合物乙醇与干冰（固体二氧化碳）的混合物；在无乙醇的情况下，可用无铅汽油代替注：恒温浴中的矿物油最好加有抗氧化添加剂，延缓氧化，延长使用寿命。符合GB/T514《石油产品试验用液体温度计技术条件》分格为0.1℃。测定30℃以下运动黏度时，可以使用同样分格值的玻璃合金温度计或其他玻璃液体温度计。分格为0.1s用于测定黏度的秒表，毛细管黏度计和温度计都必须定期检定。3试剂℃，分析纯。3.295%乙醇：化学醇。4准备工作温度计要利用另一只夹子固定，务使水银球的位置接近毛细管中央点的水平面，并使温度计上要测温的刻度位于恒温浴的液面上10mm处。使用全浸式温度计时，如果它的测温刻度露出恒温浴的液面，就依照式计算温度计掖柱露出部分的补正数，才能准确的量出液体的温度；Δt=Rh(T1-T2)式中R-----常数，水银温度计采用，酒精温度计采用h-----露出在浴面上的水银柱或酒精柱高度，用温度计的度数表示：T1-----测定黏度时的规定温度T2-----接近温度计液柱部分的空气温度，（用另一支温度计测出）。试验时取T1减去Δt作为温度计上的温度读数。5试验步骤将恒温浴太正到规定的温度，把装好试样的黏度计浸在恒温浴内，经恒温如C6规定的时间。试验的温度必须保持恒定到±0.1℃。表C6黏度计在恒温浴中的恒温时间试验温度℃恒温时间min80．10040，50200-----—5020151015试样的液面在扩张部分3中流动时，注意恒温浴正在搅拌的液面要保持恒温度，而且扩张部分中不应出现气泡。℃测定黏度时，这个差数不应超过算术平均值的±1.5%；在低于15----30℃测定黏度时，这个差数不应超过算术平均值的±2.5%。然后，取不少于三次的流动时间所得的算术平均值，作为试样的平均流动时间。6计算在温度t时，试样的运动黏度Vt(mm2/s)按式(6)计算7精确度用下式规定判断试验结果的可靠性（95%置信水平）。同一操作者，用同一试样重复测定的两个结果之差，不应超过表数值：表7重复性数值测定黏度的温度℃重复性%10-------15算术平均值的低于15------30算术平均值的低于—30-----—60算术平均值的由不同操作者，在两个试验室提出的两个结果之差，不应超过表的数值表C8再现性数值测定黏度的温度，℃再现性%100---15算术平均值的2.28报告表C9运动黏度与恩氏黏度换算表Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度1.001.101.201.301.401.501.601.701.801.902.002.102.202.302.402.502.602.702.802.903.003.103.203.303.403.503.603.703.803.901.001.011.021.031.041.051.061.071.081.091.101.111.121.131.141.151.161.171.181.191.201.211.211.221.231.241.251.261.271.284.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.704.804.905.005.105.205.305.405.505.605.705.805.906.006.106.206.306.406.506.606.706.806.901.291.301.311.321.331.341.351.361.371.381.391.401.411.421.421.431.441.451.461.471.481.491.501.511.521.521.531.541.551.567.007.107.207.307.407.507.607.707.807.908.008.108.208.308.408.508.608.708.808.909.009.109.209.309.409.509.609.709.809.901.571.581.591.601.611.621.631.641.651.661.671.681.691.701.711.721.731.731.741.751.761.771.781.791.801.811.821.831.841.8510.010.110.210.310.410.510.610.710.810.911.011.211.411.611.812.012.212.412.612.813.013.213.413.613.814.014.214.414.614.81.861.871.881.891.901.911.921.931.941.951.961.982.002.012.032.052.072.092.112.132.152.172.192.212.242.262.262.302.332.3515.015.215.415.615.816.016.216.416.616.817.017.217.417.617.818.018.218.418.618.819.019.219.419.619.820.020.220.420.620.82.372.392.422.442.462.482.512.532.552.582.602.622.652.672.692.722.742.762.782.812.832.862.882.902.922.952.972.993.023.0421.021.221.421.621.822.022.222.422.622.823.023.223.423.623.824.024.224.424.624.825.025.225.425.625.826.026.226.426.626.83.073.093.123.143.173.193.223.243.273.293.313.343.363.393.413.463.463.483.513.533.563.583.613.633.653.683.703.733.763.78表（续）Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度27.027.227.427.627.828.028.228.428.628.829.029.229.429.629.830.030.230.430.630.831.031.231.431.631.832.032.232.432.632.83.813.833.863.893.923.953.974.004.024.054.074.104.124.154.174.204.224.254.274.304.334.354.384.414.434.464.484.514.544.5633.033.233.433.633.834.034.234.434.634.835.035.235.435.635.836.036.236.436.636.837.037.237.437.637.838.038.238.438.638.84.594.614.644.664.694.724.744.774.794.824.854.874.904.924.954.985.005.035.055.085.115.135.165.185.215.245.265.295.315.3439.039.239.439.639.840.040.240.440.640.841.041.241.441.641.842.042.242.442.642.843.043.243.443.643.844.044.244.444.644.85.375.395.425.445.475.505.525.545.575.605.635.655.685.705.735.765.785.815.845.865.895.925.955.976.006.026.056.086.106.1345.045.245.445.645.846.046.246.446.646.847.047.247.447.647.848.048.248.448.648.849.049.249.449.649.850.050.250.450.650.86.166.186.216.236.266.286.316.346.366.396.426.446.476.496.526.556.576.606.626.656.686.706.736.766.786.816.836.866.896.9151.051.251.451.651.852.052.252.452.652.853.053.253.453.653.854.054.254.454.654.855.055.255.455.655.856.056.256.456.656.86.946.966.997.027.047.077.097.127.157.177.207.227.257.287.307.337.357.387.417.447.477.497.527.557.577.607.627.657.687.7057.057.257.457.657.858.058.258.458.658.859.059.259.459.659.860.060.260.460.660.861.061.261.461.661.862.062.262.462.662.87.737.757.787.817.837.867.887.917.947.978.008.028.058.088.108.138.158.188.218.23.8.268.288.318.348.378.408.428.458.488.50表（续）Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度Mm2/s条件度63.063.263.463.663.864.064.264.464.664.865.065.265.465.665.866.066.266.466.666.88.538.558.588.608.638.668.688.718.748.778.808.828.858.878.908.938.958.989.009.0367.067.267.467.667.868.068.268.468.668.869.069.269.469.669.870.070.270.470.670.89.069.089.119.149.179.209.229.259.289.319.349.369.399.429.459.489.509.539.559.5871.071.271.471.671.872.072.272.472.672.873.073.273.473.673.874.074.274.474.674.89.619.639.669.699.729.759.779.809.829.859.889.909.939.959.9810.0110.0310.0610.0910.1275.076.077.078.079.080.818283848586878889909192939410.1510.3010.4010.5010.7010.810.911.111.211.411.511.611.811.912.012.212.312.412.612.7959697989