阅读理解·组合限时练(四)

阅读理解·组合限时练(四)(限时30分钟)A(2023·阜阳一模)FromtheKarakoramMountaintotheIndusRiverplain,Pakistanishometomanybreathtakinglandscapes.KaghanValleyKaghanValleyisaplaceoffairytales.Accordingtooneversionofalocallegend,aprinceofPersiafellinlovewithafairyprincessinthevalley.Butagiant(巨人)wasalsoinlovewiththeprincess.Oneday,sheescapedwiththeprince.Inhisanger,thegiantfloodedthevalleyandcreatedlakeswithhistears.Today,visitorsfromaroundtheworldtraveltoKaghanValleyforitsbeautifullakes,mountainscenery,andclearnightskies.BaltoroGlacierBaltoroGlacierisoneoftheworld'slargestglaciervalleys.Thoughdifficulttoaccess,itisoneofthemosthighlyvisitedregionsinPakistanbecauseofmountainclimbingdestinationlikeK2,BroadPeak,andtheGasherbrumpeaksinthisarea.BaltoroGlacierisnotonlyknownforitsscenery,butasalifesource—alargepercentageofnorthernPakistan'spopulationdependsonthewaterfromtheKarakoramglaciers.DeosaiNationalParkKnownas“LandoftheGiants”，theparkissweptbywildflowersandrarebutterflieseachspring.ThisbiodiversityhotspotishometotheTibetanwolf,Himalayanibex,TibetanredfoxandthecriticallyendangeredHimalayanbrownbear.Theparkwasgranted(授予)WorldHeritagestatusin2016.HingolNationalParkHingolNationalParkisthelargestnationalparkinPakistan.Whileitiswell-knownforitsdiversewildlife,itisperhapsbestknownforitsactivemudvolcanoes.OneofthemostfamousmudvolcanoesisChandragup,asacredsiteforHindus.Everyspring,morethan40,000peoplewenttheretohonorthegoddessSati.Beforetheypaytheirrespecttothegoddessatanearbytemple,theyhavetocleantheirbodieswiththemud.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了从喀喇昆仑山脉到印度河平原，巴基斯坦拥有许多令人惊叹的风景。1．WhatcantouristsdoinKaghanValley?A．Seeactivemudvolcanoes.B．PayrespecttothegoddessSati.C．Enjoyitsbeautifulscenery.D．Climbtheworld'shighestmountain.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Today,visitorsfromaroundtheworldtraveltoKaghanValleyforitsbeautifullakes,mountainscenery,andclearnightskies.”可知，在卡汉山谷，游客可以欣赏美丽的风景。2．WhichisthemainwatersourcefornorthernPakistan?A．BaltoroGlacier.B．HingolNationalPark.C．KaghanValley.D．DeosaiNationalPark.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“BaltoroGlacierisnotonlyknownforitsscenery...dependsonthewaterfromtheKarakoramglaciers.”可知，巴基斯坦北部的主要水源是巴尔托罗冰川。3．Whatdothelasttwoparkshaveincommon?A．TheyaresacredsitesforHindus.B．Theyareknownfordiversewildlife.C．Theyarefamousvolcanicparks.D．TheyaregrantedWorldHeritagestatus.解析：选B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ThisbiodiversityhotspotishometotheTibetanwolf,Himalayanibex,TibetanredfoxandthecriticallyendangeredHimalayanbrownbear.”以及末段中的“Whileitiswell-knownforitsdiversewildlife,itisperhapsbestknownforitsactivemudvolcanoes.”可知，这两个公园的共同之处是它们以各种野生动物而闻名。B(2023·沧州一模)TammyRugglesalwayswantedtobeaphotographer.InherFirstPersonVoxnarrative,shewrites,“I'dalwayslovedtakingpictures.EversinceIwasalittlegirl,takingphotosofmyfamilyandpetswiththeKodakcamerahasbeenmyfavoritehobby.”Butlikeherdriver'slicenseandsocialworkcareer,RugglesacceptedthatphotographywassomethingshewouldhavetogiveupduetoRetinitisPigmentosa(RP),aprogressiveblindingdiseasethatworsenstheretinas(视网膜)overtime.Rugglesislegallyblind,onlycapableofmakingoutunclearshapes.Howcouldshepracticeanartformthatisonlydependentonvision,ifshehadnone?That'swhenRugglesheardofpoint-and-shootdigitalcameraswhichdidn'tnecessitateadarkroom,exactprecision,orchangingmanual(手动)settings.Ruggleswenttoherbackyard,pressingtheshutteratshapesasanexperiment.Aftertransferringtheimagestoblackandwhiteonher47-inchmonitor(sheseesbestincontrast),shenoticedlittlethingsshehadneverseenevenpriortolosinghervision—blueberriesinsomebrush,wildpumpkinsattheedgeofthewoods,individualleavesonatree.Andwiththathercamerabecamehereyes,capturingthingssheherselfcouldn'tseeandhadneverseen.Rugglesnowconsidershervisionproblemaplustoherphotography.Unlikemostphotographerswhovisualizewhattheywanttheirphototolooklike,Rugglesapproachesherartwithzeropreconceived(预想的)ideasaboutwhatshehopestocapture.Withherlossofvision,Rugglesgainedanotherpairofeyes—onesthatcanseethehiddenbeautyoftheworldaroundher.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了TammyRuggles一直想成为摄影师，虽患有视网膜色素变性，但她没有放弃梦想，而是借助相机来看世界。4．WhatdoweknowaboutRuggles?A．Shewasbornblind.B．Sheisfondofphotography.C．Shehasgotherdriver'slicense.D．She'sstilltakingpictureswiththeKodakcamera.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段“TammyRugglesalwayswantedtobeaphotographer.InherFirstPersonVoxnarrative,shewrites,‘I'dalwayslovedtakingpictures...’”可知，Ruggles喜欢摄影。5．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRuggles?A．Braveandambitious.B．Confidentandoptimistic.C．Generousandgifted.D．Helpfulandsincere.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“TammyRugglesalwayswantedtobeaphotographer.”以及下文内容可知，她一直想成为摄影师，相信自己能实现自己的梦想；根据第三段中的“Andwiththathercamerabecamehereyes,capturingthingssheherselfcouldn'tseeandhadneverseen.”可知，即使她失明了，也没有很悲观，而是学习用相机来帮她捕捉看不到的东西，这说明她很乐观。6．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Ruggleswillgiveupshootingduetoherlossofvision.B．Rugglesimaginesthephotosinhermindbeforeshooting.C．Rugglesviewshervisionissueasastrengthtoherphotography.D．Ruggleshasachievedgreatsuccessbecauseshecanseethehiddenbeauty.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Rugglesnowconsidershervisionproblemaplustoherphotography.”可推知，Ruggles认为她的视觉问题是她摄影的一个优势。7．Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?A．Tocallonpeopletoprotecteyes.B．Tohelppeoplebeagoodphotographer.C．Topromotepoint-and-shootdigitalcameras.D．Topraisethephotographer'sbraveryandperseverance.解析：选D推理判断题。文章叙述了TammyRuggles一直想成为摄影师，但是她患有视网膜色素变性，导致眼睛看不见，但她没有放弃自己的梦想，而是借助相机来看世界。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是赞美这位摄影师的勇气和毅力。C(2023·龙岩二模)Anewstudyshowsthatrisinglevelsofplanet-warminggassesmayreduceimportantnutrientsinfoodcrops.Otherstudieshaveshownthathighertemperaturesfromclimatechangeandweatherextremeswillreducefoodproduction.Butscientistsarefindingthatrisinglevelsofcarbondioxideandotherplanet-warminggassesthreatenfoodquality.Researchersstudiedtheeffectsofonesuchgas—carbondioxide—onrice.Theygrew18kindsofriceinfieldsinChinaandJapaninacontrolledenvironment.Theysetcarbondioxidelevelstowhatscientistsarepredictingforourplanetbytheendofthecentury.Theyfoundthattheresultingricecropshadlowerthannormallevelsofvitamins,mineralsandprotein.Ricegrownunderhighcarbondioxideconditionshad,onaverage,13to30percentlowerlevelsoffourBvitaminsand10percentlessprotein.Thecropsalsohad8percentlessironand5percentlesszinc(锌)thanricegrownundernormalconditions.Theresearcherssaidtheeffectsofplanet-warminggasseswouldbemostsevereforthepoorestcitizensinsomeoftheleastdevelopedcountries.Thesepeoplegenerallyeatthemostriceandhavetheleastcomplexdiets,theynoted.Scientistsestimatedthatalmost150millionpeoplemightbeatriskofhavingtoolittleproteinorzincintheirdietby2050.Onescientist,SamMyersofHarvardUniversityofMassachusetts,US,saidthatfindingslikethisareanexampleofthesurprisesclimatechangecreates.“Myconcernis,therearemanymoresurprisestocome，”hesaid.Myersnotedthatpollution,lossofsomespecies,destructionofforests,andotherhumanactivitiesarelikelytoproduceunexpectedproblems.Hesaidthatyoucannotcompletelychangeallthenaturalsystemsthatlivingorganismshavegrowntodependonovermillionsofyearswithouthavingeffectscomebacktoaffectourownhealth.Thenewstudysuggestsawaytolowerthenutritionalharmofclimatechange—togrowdifferentformsofricethathaveshowntobemoreresistanttohighercarbondioxidelevels.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是一项研究表明，不断增加的温室气体可能会减少粮食作物的重要营养成分，对人们的身体健康造成影响，并提出了一种降低气候变化对营养减少的方法——种植不同形式的水稻。8．Accordingtothenewstudy,howdoplanet-warminggassesaffectcrops?A．Theyremovethenutrition.B．Theyworsenthequality.C．Theylowertheproduction.D．Theydecreasethespecies.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段内容和第二段中的“Butscientistsarefindingthatrisinglevelsofcarbondioxideandotherplanet-warminggassesthreatenfoodquality.”可知，温室气体会让作物的质量变差。9．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Asiancropscontainmorenutrients.B．Riceisgrowninrestrictedconditions.C．CropsgrownwithlowerCO2arehealthier.D．Poorpeoplesufferalotfromfoodshortage.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第四段“Ricegrown...thanricegrownundernormalconditions.”可知，在高二氧化碳下生长的水稻，其营养元素都有所降低，由此可知，在低二氧化碳条件下生长的水稻更健康。[谨防最易错的那一个]错因：本题易误选B。部分考生虽然找到了信息句“Ricegrownunderhighcarbondioxide...thanricegrownundernormalconditions.”但并没有作出合理的概括，从而误选。分析：阅读理解的正确选项往往是对原文内容的同义转述或简短概括。要仔细对原文信息句进行分析。根据在高二氧化碳下生长的水稻，其营养元素都有所降低可推断出，在低二氧化碳条件下生长的水稻更健康。10．WhatdoesSamMyersagreewith?A．Naturalsystemsdamageourhealth.B．Thenutritionalharmshouldbelowered.C．Moreeffectsarecausedbyclimatechanges.D．Humanactivitiesresultinhealthproblems.解析：选C细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Onescientist,SamMyersofHarvardUniversityof...‘Myconcernis,therearemanymoresurprisestocome，’hesaid.”可知，SamMyers认为这只是气候变化带来的震惊之一，他担心的是会有更多的震惊，由此可知，气候变化会带来更多的影响。11．Whatdoesthewriterintendtodo?A．Tointroduceastudy.B．Toclarifyafact.C．Tomakeasuggestion.D．Toshowaconcern.解析：选A推理判断题。根据首段内容以及尾段“Thenewstudysuggestsaway...tobemoreresistanttohighercarbondioxidelevels.”并结合文中对该研究的介绍和分析，同时新研究提出的相应的解决方案可知，本文作者是在介绍一项气候变暖针对作物质量影响的新研究。D(2023·泰安二模)Formorethan25years,searchengineshavebeentheInternet'sfrontdoor.AltaVista,thefirstsitetoallowsearchesofthefulltextoftheweb,wasswiftlyreplacedbyGoogle,whichhasdominatedthefieldeversince.Google'ssearchengine,stilltheheartofitsbusiness,hasmadeitsparent,Alphabet,oneoftheworld'smostvaluablecompanies.Butnothinglastsforever,particularlyintechnology.JustaskIBM,whichonceruledbusinesscomputing,orNokia,oncetheleaderinmobilephones.Bothweredefeatedbecausetheymissedbigtechnologicaltransitions(革新)．Nowtechfirmsareexcitedaboutaninnovationthatmightbringasimilarshiftandasimilaropportunity.Chatbots(聊天机器人)poweredbyartificialintelligence(AI)letusersgatherinformationviatypedconversations.LeadingthefieldisChatGPT,madebyOpenAI,astartup.BytheendofJanuary,twomonthsafteritslaunch,ChatGPTwasbeingusedbymorethan100mpeople,makingitthefastest-growingconsumerapplicationinhistory,accordingtoUBS,abank.AIisalreadyusedbehindthescenesinmanyproducts,butChatGPThasputitcenterstage,bylettingpeoplechatwithanAIdirectly.ChatGPTcanwriteessaysinvariousstyles,explaincomplexconcepts,summarizetextandanswervariousquestions.Itcanevenpasslegalandmedicalexams.Anditcansynthesiseknowledgefromtheweb:forexample,listingholidayspotsthatmatchcertaincriteria,orsuggestingmenus.Ifasked,itcanexplainitsreasoningandprovidedetail.Manythingsthatpeopleusesearchenginesfortoday,inshort,canbedonebetterwithchatbots.OnFebruary7th,Microsoft,whichhasinvestedmorethan$11bninOpenAI,revealedanewversionofBing,itssearchengine,whichincludesChatGPT.SatyaNadella,Microsoft'sboss,seesthisashischancetochallengeGoogle.Foritspart,GooglehasannouncedBard,itsownchatbot,asacompaniontoitssearchengine.ThesharepriceofBaidu,knownastheGoogleofChina,jumpedwhenitsaiditwouldreleaseitschatbot,calledErnie,inMarch.Butcanchatbotsbetrusted?Cantechfirmsmakemoneyfromthis?Onlytimewilltell.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种人工智能ChatGPT，并讨论了其是否能取代Google。12．WhydoestheauthormentionIBMandNokiainthesecondparagraph?A．Toprovehisidea.B．Toshowtheirpopularity.C．Tointroducethemtoreaders.D．Toemphasizethevalueofthem.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Butnothinglastsforever,particularlyintechnology....Bothweredefeatedbecausetheymissedbigtechnologicaltransitions(革新)．”可知，作者在第二段提到IBM和诺基亚的目的是证明自己的观点。13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“synthesise”meaninParagraph3?A．Spread. B．Combine.C．Stress. D．Advance.解析：选B词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“forexample,listingholidayspotsthatmatchcertaincriteria,orsuggestingmenus”可知，此处是指可以综合网上的信息，所以synthesise意为“结合，综合”。[谨防最易错的那一个]错因：本题易误选A。部分考生根据“Itcanevenpasslegalandmedicalexams.”，认为画线词所在句的含义为它可以在网上传播知识，从而误选。分析：本题可以根据文中所举的例子进行适当归纳，从一般到具体猜出画线词的含义。举例的标志词有forinstan