老高考适用2023高考英语一轮总复习第二编语法突破专题四定语从句北师大版

专题四定语从句1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ，61)InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.答案：whose句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语。2．(2020·江苏高考，21)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,fromstudentscanchooseforfree.答案：which句意：现在许多课程都可以在网上找到资源，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是manylessons，关系词在从句中作介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，62)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.答案：whichthepetshop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。4．(2019·浙江高考，58)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofclothgivesofflightinthedark.答案：that/which此处引导定语从句来修饰先行词apieceofcloth，而且在从句中作主语，所以用that或which来引导。5．(2019·江苏高考，21)Wehaveenteredintoanagedreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.答案：when句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间的名词anage，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。6．(2018·浙江高考，57)ManywesternerscometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.答案：who/that设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词westerners，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用who/that。7．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.答案：what→which逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词yourletter，在从句中作主语，what不能引导定语从句。故将what改为which。8．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ，短文改错)Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.答案：what→that先行词是allthefood，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which；但先行词被all修饰，只能使用that，所以将what改成that。9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.答案：where→when先行词oneafternoon是表示时间的名词，后面的定语从句应用when引导。10．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.答案：which前加in或which→where此处引导定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词pond，而此处的引导词在定语从句中作状语，所以用inwhich或者where。一关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句，即作定语的句子。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。这些关系词的意义和功能比较如下：二关系代词that与which,which与as的用法区别续表三“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词＋关系代词”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when,where,why①I'llneverforgetthedayonwhich/whenIjoinedthearmy.②Thefactoryinwhich/wherehisfatherworksisfarawayfrommyhometown.③Idon'tknowthereasonforwhich/whyhewaslateforschool.“介词＋which”指物，“介词＋whom”指人①Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.②Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.some,any,none,both,all,few,neither,most＋of＋关系代词(whom/which)①TheGreenshavetwodaughters,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.②Ihavemanybooks,someofwhichareonchemistry.介词＋whose＋名词MrWang,withwhosehelpIfinishedtheworkontime,isoneoftheteachersIloveandrespect.四定语从句的其他事项续表Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Variousformsofartblossomedduringtheperiodmanygreatworksonliterature,historyandphilosophyappeared.答案：when句意：这个时期出现了许多文学、历史、哲学名著，各种艺术形式繁荣发展。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词period，在从句中作时间状语。故填when。2．anyenvironmentalistwilltellyou,thisiscompletelycrazy.答案：As本句为as引导的定语从句，as指代后面的整个句子，作tell的直接宾语。故填As。3．WearelivinginanageQRcodes(二维码)arebecomingmoreandmorepopularinourdailylife.答案：when句意：我们生活在一个日常生活中二维码越来越受欢迎的时代。when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。4．JustasIwasinthemiddleofmydescent(下降),agentlemanenteredthemainentrancewasrightinfrontofthestaircase.答案：which/that句意：当我在下楼梯的时候，一位男士进入通道，而通道口刚好在楼梯前。设空处引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词entrance，从句中缺少主语，故填which/that。5．Theyworkedfortwohourstorescuethemanwasinjuredintheaccident.答案：who句意：他们工作两个小时，挽救事故中受伤的那个人。who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词theman。6．Pleasegothroughthetextandunderlinethewordsmeaningsyoudon'tknow.答案：whose句意：请通读全文，画出你不懂的那些词。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。7．LichunisaChinesewordforoneofthe24solarterms,meansthebeginningofspring.答案：which句意：立春是中国二十四节气中的一个节气，意味着春天的开始。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用which。8．Wearetalkingaboutoneofthemostinterestingdevicesallowpeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives.答案：that先行词devices前面有最高级themostinteresting修饰，同时后面的句子缺少主语，应用that引导定语从句。9．Twoblocksbeyondtheschoolisafieldweoftenplayedfootballduringchildhood.答案：where句意：我们学校两个街区之外是一个运动场，我们孩提时代常常去那里踢球。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。10．ChongyangFestival,isalsoknownastheDoubleNinthFestival,fallsontheninthdayoftheninthmonthoftheChineselunarcalendar.答案：which句意：重阳节，也叫双九节，是在中国农历的9月9日。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用which。Ⅱ.单句改错1．Whichisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing.答案：Which→As句意：然而，情况往往是这样的，有些人发现这个理论说服力不强。asisoftenthecase“情况往往是这样”，此处as引导非限制性定语从句，故把Which改为As。2．WhenIwasinkindergarten,mymomownedabookstore,thereshesoldallkindsofmagazinesandbooks.答案：there→wherebookstore后为定语从句，关系词在从句中充当地点状语，应用关系副词where。故将there改为where。3．ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom'sfavorite.答案：what→which/that或去掉what关系代词在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系代词which/that，也可省略。4．Ididn'tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,whichIwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.答案：which→when逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thefifthgrade，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故将which改为when。5．Pleasesendusalltheinformationwhichyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.答案：which→that先行词为information，在定语从句中充当have的宾语，先行词被all修饰，故关系词只能用that，不用which。Ⅲ.短文改错(2022·湘豫名校联考高三月考)Healthismostimportantforanyofus.Inordertostayhealth,weneedtoknowsomecommonknowledge.Firstly,weshouldeatlotsoffruitandvegetablebecausetheyarerichinfiberandlowinfat.Whenaproverbsays,“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.”Secondly,exerciseisnecessary.Regularexercisecankeepourselvesfromgettingfat.Peopledorunningeverydayusuallyhavestrongestheartsthanthosewhodon't.Final,formgoodlivinghabits.Weshouldsleepforabout8hourseveryday.Overworkandlittlesleepwillleadtoill.What'smore,stayawaycigarettes.Thesearethethingsweshouldpayanattentiontosoastokeepfit.答案：Healthismostimportantforanyofus.Inordertostayeq\o(health,\s\do8(①healthy))，weneedtoknowsomecommonknowledge.Firstly,weshouldeatlotsoffruitandeq\o(vegetable,\s\do8(②vegetables))becausetheyarerichinfiberandlowinfat.eq\o(When,\s\do8(③As))aproverbsays,“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.”Secondly,exerciseisnecessary.Regularexercisecankeepeq\o(ourselves,\s\do8(④us))fromgettingfat.Peopleeq\o(∧,\s\do8(⑤who/that))／eq\o(do,\s\do8(doing))runningeverydayusuallyhaveeq\o(strongest,\s\do8(⑥stronger))heartsthanthosewhodon't.eq\o(Final,\s\do8(⑦Finally))，formgoodlivinghabits.Weshouldsleepforabout8hourseveryday.Overworkandlittlesleepwillleadtoeq\o(ill,\s\do8(⑧illness)).What'smore,stayawayeq\o(∧,\s\do8(⑨from))cigarettes.Thesearethethingsweshouldpayeq\o(eq\o(an,＼),\s\do9(⑩))attentiontosoastokeepfit.1．health→healthy考查形容词。句意：为了保持健康，我们需要知道一些常识。stayhealthy为系表结构，意为“保持健康”。故将health改为healthy。2．vege