Unit 1 Section A（学生版）八年级英语上册讲义（人教版）

Unit1SectionA目标导航目标导航Words→同义词anybody→anywherewarm任何温暖的地方3.wonderfuladj.精彩的；绝妙的4.fewadj.&pron.不多；很少→afew/few+可数名词复数；alittle/little+不可数名词5.mostadj.,adv.&pron.最多；大多数→mostof大多数6.somethingpron.某事；某物7.nothing(=notanything)pron.没有什么；没有一件东西8.everyonepron.每人；人人；所有人→同义词everybody9.myselfpron.我自己；我本人→ourselves我们自己10.yourselfpron.你自己；您自己→yourselves你们自己1112.seemv.好像；似乎；看来→seem(to→→Itseemsthat(从句）似乎，好像13.boredadj.厌倦的；烦闷的（人作主语）→boringadj.令人厌倦的（物作主语）14→同义词somebody15.diaryn.日记；记事簿→复数diariesPhrases16.goonvacation去度假17.quiteafew相当多；不少18.mostofthetime大部分时间19.haveagoodtime玩得开心＝enjoyoneself=havefun20.ofcourse当然=certainly21.inthecountryside在乡村22.byefornow再见23.keepadiary记日记24Sentences25.Longtimenosee.好久不见。26.Oh,didyougoanywhereinteresting?哦，你去了什么有趣的地方吗？27.Wetookquiteafewphotosthere.我们在那儿拍了不少照片。28.Noonewashere.没有人在这儿。29.Everythingwasexcellent.每件事情都太好了。30.Theonlyproblemwasthattherewasnothingmuchtodointheeveningbutread.唯一的问题是在晚上除了读书之外没什么事情可做。31.Stillnooneseemedtobebored.不过好像没有人感到无聊。32.Howdidyoulikeit?你觉得它怎么样？知识精讲知识精讲课文原句Wheredidyougoonvacation?vacation相当于holiday.vacation多用于美式英语，holiday多用于英式英语。TheGreensareonvacationinHainan.格林一家正在海南度假。Theywentonvacationlastmonth.他们上个月去度假了。vacation的常用短语：①goonvacation去度假（强调动作）②beonvacation在度假（强调状态）③takeavacation休假summervacation相当于summerholiday,意思是“暑假”。【即学即练1】I'mgoingtovisittheForbiddenCitythissummerv.答案：vacation解析：summervacation相当于summerholiday,意思是“暑假”。知识点02(高频）anyone课文原句Didyougowithanyone?anyone是由“any+one”构成的复合不定代词，相当于anybody,常用于疑问句和否定句中。Ididn'tseeanyoneinthestreet.我在大街上没有看到任何人。如果用在肯定句中，则表示“无论谁，随便哪个人”。Anyonewhobreakstheschoolruleswillbepunished.任何违反校规的人将会受到惩罚。Youmaytakeanyoneofthesebooks.你可以拿这些书中的任何一本。辨析：anyone与anyoneanyone指“任何人”，后面一般不接of,作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。anyone指某些人或物中的“任何一个”，强调个别的数量，后面一般接of短语。【即学即练2】－Didhelpthemfinishthework?－No.Theyfinisheditbythemselves.答案：C解析：someone某人，一般用于肯定句中；anyone任何人，一般用在否定句和疑问句中；none没有一个，本身表示否定。根据题干是一般疑问句可知答案。知识点03形容词修饰不定代词课文原句Didyoubuyanythingspecial?句中的“anythingspecial”意思是“特别的东西”，形容词special修饰不定代词anything.在英语中，形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词的后面。速记小法：不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏。单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。Didyouhearanythingunusualinthestreet?你听到街上有什么不寻常的声音吗？【即学即练3】“Didyoudofunonyourvacation,Tara?”“Yes,Idid.IwenttoSanya.”答案：B解析：考查不定代词。everything每件事，可用于肯定句中；anything任何事物，一般用于否定句或疑问句中；nothing没有什么，没有一件东西，本身表示否定。由“Didyou...”可知这里是一般疑问句。知识点04anywhere课文原句Oh,didyougoanywhereinteresting?anywhere是不定副词，常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“在任何地方”。如果用在肯定句中则表示“无论何处；随便哪个地方”。形容词修饰不定副词后置。Ican'tfindmybikeanywhere.我到处都找不到我的自行车。拓展：含有－where的其他不定副词：somewhere在某处通常用于肯定句中everywhere到处，各个地方，相当于hereandthere,可用于各种句式。nowhere无处，哪里都不本身表示否定，相当于not...anywhereDon'tworry!Yourbookmustbesomewhereinthebedroom.不要担心！你的书一定在卧室的某个地方。Ican'tfindthekeytomyofficeanywhere.我到处都找不到我办公室的钥匙。Luckily,webookedaroom,orwewouldhavenowheretostaynow.幸好我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在就没地方待了。【即学即练4】－Hello,Jenny.Ican'tfindmymathbook.Didyouseeit?－Sorry,Ididn't.B.anywhereC.somewhere答案：B解析：根据“Didyouseeit?”可知说话者找不到数学书，否定句用anywhere.知识点05wonderfuladj.精彩的；绝妙的课文原句Itwaswonderful!Ifyouworkharder,Ithinkyourfuturewillbewonderful.如果你更加努力，我认为你的未来将会很精彩。构词法记单词－ful形容词后缀，一般加在名词之后。color+ful→colorfulcolor+ful→colorfulhelp+ful→helpful【即学即练5】MyparentsandIhada（wonder)journeytoHainan.答案：wonderful知识点06quiteafew相当多；不少课文原句Wetookquiteafewphotosthere.相当于many,后面接可数名词复数。Quiteafewstudentstookpartinthesportsmeetinglastweek.很多学生上周参加了运动会。【即学即练6】根据一项调查，在这所学校里很多学生不吃早饭便去上学。Accordingtoasurvey,studentsgotoschoolwithoutbreakfastinthisschool.答案：quiteafew解析：表示许多可以用many/quiteafew/quitealotof知识点07mostadj.,adv.&pron.最多；大多数课文原句Ijuststayedathomemostofthetimetoreadandrelax.作代词，代替可数名词或不可数名词，常和of连用，谓语动词的形式取决于of后面的名词。ItwasSundayandmostoftheshopswereclosed.那天是星期天，大多数商店都关门了。与theshops保持一致作形容词，意为“（数量上）最多；大多数”。常作定语，修饰名词。Hespendsmosttimestayingwithhisstudents.他花费大多数时间和他的学生们待在一起。作副词，修饰动词或用于构成多音节或部分双音节形容词或副词的最高级。Whatdidyoumissmostwhileyouwereinanothercountry?当你在另一个国家的时候你最想念什么？Thisisthemostbeautifulflower.这是最漂亮的花。【即学即练7】RunningisoneofsportsinChina.B.morepopularC.themostpopular答案:C解析：考查形容词最高级。“oneofthe+形容词最高级＋名词复数”表示“最······之一，”是固定结构。知识点08(高频）taste教材原句Everythingtastedreallygood!e.g.Thedishtastessalty.这道菜尝起来很咸。拓展：taste作及物动词，意为“品尝”，其后直接跟宾语作名词，意为“味道”。e.g.Haveyoutastedthewine?你品尝过这种酒吗？Idon'tlikethetasteofolives.我不喜欢橄榄的味道。Thefoodwastasty.食物很好吃。tasty形容词，味道好的；；可口的常用的连系动词有：taste尝起来feel摸起来seem似乎sound听起来look看起来smell闻起来【即学即练8】－TherearemainlysixkindsofteainChina。Whichisyourfavorite?－Greentea,Iguess.I'vetriedblacktea,greenteaandsoon,andallofthemhavetheirspecial.解析：用“词义辨析法”。taste意思是“味道”，符合句意。知识点09everyonepron.每人；人人；所有人教材原句Dideveryonehaveagoodtime?.EveryoneinourclasslikesMr.Liu.我们班的每个人都喜欢刘老师。Hisbooksarewonderful.Ihavereadeveryoneofthem.他的书很精彩，每一本我都读了。Everyoneishere,andeveryoneofushasachancetospeakatthemeeting.大家都到了，我们每个人都有机会在会上发言。词义辨析everyone与everyoneeveryone意为“每人”，相当everybody,作主时，谓语动词用第人称单数形式everyone意为“每个”，是两个词，既可指人，也可指物，后面可跟介词of.【即学即练9】－Ishere?－Yes.Weareallready.ne解析：答语中的We提示用everybody表示“每个人；所有人”，符合语境。知识点10Howdoyoulike...?你／你们觉得······怎么样？教材原句Howdidyoulikeit?用来询问对方对某人或某事物的观点或看法。－Howdoyoulikethismovie?你觉得这部电影怎么样？－It'swonderful.它很棒。【即学即练10】－doyouliketheDoubleElevenShoppingFestival?－Idon'tlikeitbecausemymotheroftenbuysalotofthingswedon'tneed.“你觉得······怎么样？”的表达：①Howdoyoulike...?②Whatdoyouthinkof...?③Howdoyoufeelabout..?知识点11(高频）ofcourse当然教材原句Ofcourse!－Canyouhelpmetorepairmybike?你能帮我修理我的自行车吗？－Ofcourse!当然可以。－Wouldyoumindhandingmeapairofservingchopsticks?你介意递给我一双公筷吗？－Ofcoursenot.Hereyouare.当然不介意。给您。ofcourse常用作肯定答语，相当于sure/certainly.其否定形式为ofcoursenot,意思是“当然不”，是考试中的高频考点。【即学即练11】－It'scoldoutside.Wouldyoumindclosingthewindow?－.Iwilldoitrightaway.A.OfcoursenotB.No,youcan'tC.OfcourseD.Forgetit解析：用“情景交际法”。句意：外边很冷。－你介意关闭窗户吗？－我将立刻去做。根据语境可知，不介意。知识点12教材原句Iboughtsomethingformyparents,butnothingformyself.Mymotherboughtmeabikeonmybirthday.=Mymotherboughtabikeformeonmybirthday.在我生日的时候我妈妈给我买了一辆自行车。【即学即练12】Idon'tthinkbuyingagiftyourfatherisgood.Whataboutmakingonebyyourself?解析：用固定搭配法解题。buy表示“买”，buysth.forsb.给某人买某物，是固定搭配。知识点13somethingpron.某事；某物something是复合不定代词，常用于肯定句中。当它用作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Thereissomethingwrongwithmyputer.Canyouhelpme?我的电脑出故障了。你能帮我吗？拓展：用于表请求的疑问句中，希望对方给出肯定回答。Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?你想吃点什么吗？【即学即练13】Eachofusshouldstudyhardanddosforourcountry.答案;something知识点14nothingpron.没有什么；没有一件东西＝not...anythingNothingiswrong.没有什么毛病。nothing可与not...anything进行同义句转换。Iatenothingforbreakfast.＝Ididn'teatanythingforbreakfast.我早饭什么都没吃。nothing作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。【即学即练14】Ithinkcanstopyoufrommakingprogress,butonlyyourdetermination(决心）。答案：nothing知识点15(高频）myselfpron.我本人；我自己myself是反身代词，由“＂my+self'构成。反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语或同位语。当句子的主语和宾语指同一个人时，宾语要用反身代词。常与反身代词连用的动词有enjoy、help、hurt、teach、wash、dress等。Hefelloffatreeandhurthimself.他从树上摔下来伤了自己。反身代词第一人称单数myself复数ourselves第二人称单数yourself复数yourselves第三人称单数himself/herself/itself复数themselves反身代词速记：反身代词表自身，句中可作三成分。表示强调同位语，宾语动作回自身，系动词be后作表语。（备注：反身代词有两种功能。一是表示强调，用作同位语；二是表示反身功能，在句中作宾语和表语。）【即学即练15】WhenIfacedifficulties,Ialwayssayto“Nevergiveup!”解析：sayto后的宾语和主语指同一个人时，宾语应用反身代词。知识点16Therebenothingtodobut...除了······之外，没有什么事可做。教材原句Theonlyproblemwasthattherewasnothingmuchtodointheeveningbutread.TherewasnothingtodoyesterdaybutwatchthenewsonTVbecauseoftherain.因为下雨，昨天除了在电视上看新闻外没有什么事可做。Hehadnothingtosaybuttoleavetheroom.他没有什么可说的，只有离开房间。易错提醒：Therebenothingtodobut...和Sb.have/hasnothingtodobut...具有相同的意思。在这两个结构中，当but前面有实义动词do时，but后面使用不带to的动词不定式；没有实义动词do时，要使用带to的动词不定式。【即学即练16】我没有什么可说的，只有保持沉默。Therewasnothingformebutsilent.答案：tosaytokeep知识点17seem似乎；好像；看来教材原句Stillnooneseemedtobebored.seem的用法1.seemtodosth.似乎做某事Theyoungmandoesn'tseemtobelieveus.那个年轻人似乎不相信我们。2.seem······；好像······=Itseems+that从句似乎／看起来好像······Theboyseemstobeveryclever.=Itseeseemsthattheboyisveryclever.那个男孩看起来好像很聪明。seem用法速记：小小seem有本领，身后跟随名或形。seemtodo“似乎做”，Itseems后面that从。【即学即练17】－Lookatthedarkclouds,andthewindisblowingstrongly.－Itthatabigstormising.答案：B知识点18boredadj.厌倦的；烦闷的Nowadays,peoplearemoreandmoreboredwithsometalentshows.现在，人们越来越对一些选秀节目感到厌倦。Doingtheboringhouseworkmakesmeverybored.做这些无聊的家务让我感到非常厌倦。词义辨析bored与boringbored厌倦的；烦闷的。作表语，用来描述人的感受。Boring没趣味的；令人厌倦的。作表语或定语，用来描述事物的特点。【即学即练18】Inthefuture,robotswilldojobsinplaceofpeopleinordernottogetus.A.bored;boredB.boring;boringC.boring;boredD.bored;boring解析：第一个空修饰名词jobs,用表示事物特点的boring;第二个空描述人的主观感受，用bored.能力拓展能力拓展考法01quitealittle和quite/very和形容词连用修饰可数名词单数的用法（1)quitealittle表示“相当多；不少”，相当于much,修饰不可数名词。Wehadquitealittlebreadforbreakfast.我们早餐吃了相当多的面包。（2)quite/very和形容词连用修饰可数名词单数时，quite一般要放在不定冠词a或an的前面，very放在不定冠词的后面。Heisquiteacleverboy.=Heisaverycleverboy.他是一个相当聪明的男孩。【典例1】Thereis________milkinthefridge.Iwanttobuysome.A．alittle B．afew C．little D．few【答案】C【解析】句意：冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了。我想买一些。考查不定代词辨析。alittle一点，修饰不可数名词；afew少许，修饰可数名词；little很少，修饰不可数名词；few很少，修饰可数名词。根据“milk”可知是不可数名词，排除BD选项，再根据“Iwanttobuysome.”可知冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了，用little表示否定的含义，故选C。分层提分分层提分题组A基础过关练一、单项选择1．Thereis________milkinthefridge.Iwanttobuysome.A．alittle B．afew C．little D．few2．Thestoryistryingtotellusthat________isimpossibleifyouworkhard.A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything3．—Whichsubjectdoyouthinkis________,Molly?—French.IoftenfallasleepinFrenchclass.A．interested B．interesting C．bored D．boring4．—Thenewmoviewasso________.—Yes.Ifelt________withit.A．boring;boring B．bored;bored C．boring;bored D．bored;boring5．—Howwasthefood?—It________reallygood!A．looked B．smelled C．tasted D．sounded6．Thereare________orangesinthebox.Takethemwithyou.A．few B．little C．afew D．alittle7．Children,followyourheartandneverlet________stealyourdreams.A．someone B．anyone C．everyone D．nobody8．—Michaelwilltakepartin100meterrace.Doyouthinkhewillwin?—Sure.I’mconfidentabout________.A．me B．him C．myself D．himself9．─__________doyoulikeSanya?─It'sreallybeautiful.A．What B．How C．Why D．When10．They__________goodtimetherelastweek.A．hada B．havea C．had D．have二、用所给单词的正确形式填空1．Everything________（taste）verygood.Ilikeitverymuch.2．Therearealotofthings________（do）onweekends.3．Iboughtnothingfor_________(my).Ididn’treallyseeanythingIliked.4．Theyhada_________(wonder)timeinSpain.5．_______(something)canstopusfromworkingforourcountry.Weareproudofourcountry.三、根据首字母填空1．Hes________tobeverysmartandexcellent,butinfactheisn’t.2．Ithinke________shouldwearmasks(口罩)whengoingout.3．Pleasehelpy________tosomefruit,kids.4．Inbigcities,m________studentsknowZhongNanshan,andtheythinktheyshouldlearnfromhim.5．Helookedb________becausehehadnothingtodo.6．Thereisn________newintoday’snewspaper.Youneedn’treadit.7．Jim,Isaws________waitingforyouattheschoolgate.8．Quiteaf________

studentsplayputergamesonweekends.9．MysisterkeepsanEnglishd____everyevening.ShethinksitisagoodwaytolearnEnglish.10．IlikethemovieHI,MOM(《你好，李焕英》).Itissow_________.题组B能力提升练一、完形填空IwenttoQingdaoonvacationlastsummer.Iwentthere_1_myfamily.Iwalkedtothebeach.Therewerequitea_2_peoplethere._3_hadagoodtime.Isaw__4__specialonthebeach.Itwasashell(贝壳).Itwas_5_.Ilikeditverymuch.Therewasa_6_nearthebeach.Isawalotofdogs,_7_,pigsandotheranimalsinit.Theyweremadeof(由……制成)shells.Iboughtsome_8_myfriendsandI__9__somephotos.Ifyouwanttogosomewhereforvacation,youcangotoQingdaoandrelax__10__there.1．A．from B．with C．about D．after2．A．few B．little C．much D．many3．A．Someone B．Anyone C．Everyone D．Noone4．A．anything B．nothing C．everything D．something5．A．big B．small C．wonderful D．bad6．A．restaurant B．shop C．bank D．zoo7．A．hens B．books C．waterfalls D．boxes8．A．for B．on C．to D．in9．A．take B．took C．takes D．taking10．A．you B．yourself C．your D．myself二、补全对话5选5A:Hi,ChenJun!Ididn'tseeyoulastmonth.B:Hi,ZhaoMing!Iwasonvacation.A:___1___B:IwenttoAustralia.A:Really?Australiaisagoodplacetohavefun.___2___B:Myfamily.A:___3___B:Yes,ofcourse.