SAT模拟考试试题6(含答案)

SAT®PracticeTest#6(This(Thiscoverisrepresentativeofwhatyou’llseeontestRequeststocancelscoresmustbeinwritingbytheWednesdayfollowingthetestdate.SharinganyquestionswithanyoneisaoftheSecurityandFairnesspoliciesandmayresultinyourbeingcanceled.A2pencilisrequiredforthetest.Donotuseamechanicalpencilor321REMINDERS:THISTESTBOOKMUSTNOTBEFROMTHEROOM.UNAUTHORIZEDREPRODUCTIONORUSEOFANYOFTHISTESTBOOKISPROHIBITED.©2015TheCollegeBoard.CollegeBoard,SAT,andtheacornlogoareregisteredtrademarksoftheCollegeBoardTestbeginsonthenextpage.1111CONTINUEPAGE3UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE3Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.Reading65MINUTES,52QUESTIONSTurntoSection1ofyouranswersheettoanswerthequestionsinthissection.DIRECTIONSEachpassageorpairofpassagesbelowisfollowedbyanumberofquestions.Afterreadingeachpassageorchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassageorpassagesandinanyaccompanyinggraphics(suchasatableorgraph).line5

Questions1-10arebasedonthepassage.ThepassagebelowisanexcerptfromthenovelTheJoyLuckClub,publishedin1989byAmyTan.thetalentIwastoplayapiececalled“PleadingChild”fromScenesfromChildhood.wasasimple,moodypiecethatsoundedmoredifficultthanitwas.Iwassupposedtomemorizethewholething,playingtherepeatpartstwicetomakethepiecesoundButIdawdledoverit,playingafewbarsandthencheating,lookinguptoseewhatnotesfollowed.IneverreallylistenedtowhatIwasplaying.Idaydreamedaboutbeingsomewhereelse,aboutbeingsomeoneelse.ThepartIlikedtopracticebestwasthefancycurtsy:rightfootout,touchtheroseonthecarpetwithapointedfoot,sweeptotheside,leftlegbends,lookupandsmile.parentsinvitedallthecouplesfromtheLuckClubtowitnessdebut.AuntieLindoandTinwerethere.andhertwoolderbrothershadalsocome.ThefirsttworowswerefilledwithchildrenbothyoungerandolderthanIwas.Thelittlestonesgottogofirst.Theyrecitedsimplenurseryrhymes,squawkedouttunesonminiatureviolins,twirledHulaHoops,prancedinpinkballettutus,andwhentheybowedorcurtsied,theaudiencewouldsighinunison,andthenclapenthusiastically.Whenturncame,Iwasveryconfident.Irememberchildishexcitement.wasasifI

withoutadoubt,thattheprodigysideofmereallydidexist.Ihadnofearwhatsoever,nonervousness.Irememberthinkingtomyself,Thisisit!Thisisit!I30lookedoutovertheaudience,atblankface,yawn,Auntiestiff-lippedsmile,sulkyexpression.Ihadonawhitedresslayeredwithsheetsoflace,andapinkbowinPeterhaircut.AsIsatdownIenvisionedpeoplejumping35totheirfeetandEdSullivanrushinguptointroducemetoeveryoneonAndIstartedtowassobeautiful.IwassocaughtupinhowlovelyIlookedthatatfirstIworryhowIwouldsound.Soitwasasurprisetome40whenIhitthefirstwrongnoteandIrealizedsomethingsoundquiteright.AndthenIhitanotherandanotherfollowedthat.Achillstartedatthetopofheadandbegantotrickledown.Istopplaying,asthoughhandswerebewitched.Ikept45thinkingfingerswouldadjustthemselvesback,likeatrainswitchingtotherighttrack.Iplayedthisstrangejumblethroughtworepeats,thesournotesstayingwithmeallthewaytotheend.WhenIstoodup,Idiscoveredmylegswere50shaking.MaybeIhadjustbeennervousandtheaudience,likeOldChong,hadseenmegothroughtherightmotionsandhadnotbeenabletohearanythingwrongatall.Isweptrightfootout,wentdownonknee,lookedupandsmiled.Theroomwasquiet,55exceptforOldChong,whowasbeamingandshouting,“Bravo!Bravo!done!”ButthenIsawface,herstrickenface.TheaudienceclappedandasIwalkedbacktowithwholefacequiveringasItriednottoIheardalittleboy60whisperloudlytohis“Thatwasandthemotherwhisperedback,shecertainlyAndnowIrealizedhowmanypeoplewereintheaudience,thewholeworlditseemed.Iwasawareofeyesburningintoback.Ifelttheshameof65motherandfatherastheysatstifflythroughouttherestofthecouldhaveescapedduringintermission.Prideandsomestrangesenseofhonormusthaveanchoredparentstotheirchairs.Andsowewatcheditall:70theeighteen-year-oldboywithafakemustachewhodidamagicshowandjuggledflaminghoopswhileridingaunicycle.ThebreastedgirlwithwhitemakeupwhosangfromButterflyandgothonorablemention.Andtheeleven-year-oldboywhowonfirst75prizeplayingatrickyviolinsongthatsoundedlikeabusybee.

11Thepassagecanbebestsummarizedasarecountingofanembarrassinganecdote.anexplanationofalife-changingexperience.adescriptionofthechildhood.acritiqueofthemischievouspersonality.22Inline26,“childish”mostnearlymeansstrange.inconsiderate.foolish.exaggerated.33Therepetitionof“Thisisit!”inline29mostlikelyservestoincreasethefeelingofemphasizethelevelofexcitement.reinforcetheroducetensionintothenarrative.44Overthecourseofthepassage,thenarrator’sattitudeshiftsfromchildishexcitementtoundeservedgenuineinteresttoangryembarrassment.unqualifiedsuperioritytoabjectself-loathing.overconfidencetounexpecteddisappointment.CONTINUEPAGE6UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE6Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.5 858Paragraphsix,lines49to61,bestservestoprovideafurtherillustrationofthedelusionaloptimism.adetailedcharacterizationofotherpeopleintheasuddencontrastfrompreviousexpectationsandexcitement.anexplanationforthedisappointmentinherself.66thedescriptionofOldChonginparagraphsix,itcanbeinferredthatOldChonghaslowexpectationsoftheperformances.OldChongdoesnotliketoembarrasschildreninpublic.OldChongisaverycaringfatherfiguretoOldChongenjoyedtheperformancebecausehehearmistakes.77Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines50-53(“MaybeIhadjust…anythingwrongatall”)Lines53-54(“Isweptandsmiled”)Lines54-56(“TheroomwasLines57-61(“Theaudienceclapped…shecertainlytried”)

Asusedinline64,“burning”mostnearlymeansglowing.baking.raging.glaring.99Whatisthemainpurposeofthestatementsinlines69-76sowe…likeabusybee”)?showhowtheothercontestantsaremorediligentthanthenarratordemonstrateacharacteristicmentionedabouttheparentsmocktheotherperformancesexplainthesenseofjealousyandbitterness1010thepassage,itcanbemostreasonablyconcludedthatthenarratorislazyanddoesnottrytosucceedinanything.thenarratorassumedshewasskillfulatplayingthethenarratorisoverconfidentbecauseshehasnoparticulartalents.thenarratordoesnotcareaboutimpressingherparents.1111Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines8-10(“Ineverreally…beingsomeoneLines32-36(“Ihadon…everyoneonTV”)Lines37-41Istarted…soundquiteright”)Lines63-66(“Iwasawareof…therestoftheshow”)1111line510152025303540

Questions12-21arebasedonthepassage.ThispassagewasadaptedfromaspeechgivenbySusanB.Anthonyin1872aftershewasarrestedforvotinginthe1872PresidentialElection.SusanB.Anthonywasattheforefrontoffightingforwomen’srighttovoteinAmericanpolitics.Friendsandfellowcitizens;Istandbeforeyoutonightunderindictmentfortheallegedcrimeofhavingvotedatthelastpresidentialelection,withouthavingalawfulrighttovote.shallbeworkthiseveningtotoyouthatinthusdoing,Inotonlycommittednocrime,but,instead,simplyexercisedrights,guaranteedtomeandallStatescitizensbythebytheConstitution,beyondthepowerofStatetoOurdemocratic-republicangovernmentisbasedontheideaofthenaturalrightofeveryindividualmemberthereoftoavoiceandavoteinmakingandexecutingthelaws.asserttheoftobetosecurethepeopleintheoftheirinalienableright.tothewindstheolddogmathatcangiverights.deniesthatorganizedeachindividualpossessedtherighttohisownlife,libertyandWhen100to1,000,000peopleafreetheydobartertheirrights;theypledgethemselvestoeachotherintheofthemthroughprescribedjudicialandlegislativetribunals.TheyagreetoabandonthemethodsofbruteintheoftheirandthoseofTheDeclarationofIndependence,thetheoftheseveralandthelawsoftheterritories,allalikeproposetothepeopleintheexerciseoftheirGod-givenrights.ofthemtorights.ThepreambleoftheConstitutionsays:thepeopleoftheintoformaperfectunion,establishthedefense,thegeneralandsecuretheoflibertytoanddoandestablishthistheofAmerica.waswe,thepeople;we,thewhitemalecitizens;we,themalecitizens;we,thewholepeople,whoformedtheAndweformedtogivetheoftosecurethem;tothehalfofandthehalfof

tothewholepeople—aswellasmen.Anditisadownrightmockerytotalktooftheir45oftheoflibertywhiletheydeniedtheuseoftheonlymeansofsecuringthemthisballot.CharlesinhisbraveprotestsagainsttheFourteenthandFifteenthAmendments,insistedthat50assoonasbytheThirteenthAmendmenttheslavesbecamefreemen,theoriginalpowersoftheStatesConstitutionguaranteedtothemequalrights-therighttovoteandtobevotedWhen,in1871,Iaskedthatsenatortodeclarethepowerofthe55StatesConstitutiontoprotectwomenintheirrighttovote-ashehaddoneforblackmen-hehandedmeacopyofallhisspeechesduringthatreconstructionperiod,andsaid:Put“sex”whereIhave“race”or“color,”and60youhaveherethebestandstrongestargumentIcanmakeforwoman.Thereisnotadoubtbutwomenhavetheconstitutionalrighttovote,andIwillnevervoteforaSixteenthAmendmenttoguaranteeittothem.IvotedforboththeFourteenthandFifteenth65underprotest;wouldhaveinsistedthatthepoweroftheoriginalConstitutiontoprotectallcitizensintheequalenjoymentoftheirrightsshouldhavevindicatedthroughthecourts.But,friends,wheninaccordancewithSenator70counselIwenttotheballot-boxlastandexercisedrighttovote,thecourtsdidnotwaitformetoappealtothem—theyappealedtome,andindictedmeonthechargeofhavingvotedillegally.75 Thoughthewordsareallusedindiscriminatelyinthenationalandstateconstitutionstherewasalwaysaconflictofopinion,priortotheastowhethertheyweresynonymousterms,but80whateverroomtherewasfordoubt,undertheoldregime,theadoptionoftheFourteenthAmendmentsettledthatquestionforeverinitsfirstsentence.AllpersonsbornornaturalizedintheSates,andsubjecttothejurisdiction85thereof,arecitizensoftheStates,andofthestatewhereintheyreside.Theonlyquestionlefttobesettlednowis:Arewomenpersons?AndIhardlybelieveofouropponentswillhavethehardihoodtosaytheyarenot.90Beingpersons,then,womenarecitizensandnostatehasarighttomakeortoenforceoldthatshallabridgetheirprivilegesorimmunities.1111CONTINUEPAGE7UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE7Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.12 161216ThemainpurposeofthepassageistoarguethatwomenareconsideredpersonsandshouldthusbeprotectedbytheUSConstitution.presentevidencethattheUSConstitutionisshamefullystrippingawaythebasicrightsofwomen.criticizemenforneglectingthevotingrightsofwomenguaranteedundertheUSConstitution.contendthatwomenalreadyhavetherighttovotebasedontheUSConstitution.1313speechisdeliveredfromtheperspectiveofanangryfeministdeceivedbyasexistsystem.apassionateactivistwhobelievesherargumentisjustified.acriminalwhoismistreatedtooharshlyanddeservesaneagercitizenwhodemandedtoomuchtoosoon.1414Asusedinline13,“province”mostnearlymeansregion.administration.1515TheauthormentionsthepreambleoftheConstitutionmainlyinordertoexplainthatthemalewritersoftheConstitutionforgottoconsiderrights.serveasevidenceforhercentralargumentvotingrights.assertthatwomenhaveacentralroleinprovidingdomesticjusticeandtranquility.arguethatthepreambleneedstobechangedsothatwomencanhaveequalrights.

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines26-30(“TheDeclaration…bestowrights”)Lines38-43waswe…wellasLines48-53(“CharlesSumner…votedfor”)Lines59-64(“Putto1717Asusedinline44,“mockery”mostnearlymeansconsternation.sham.insult.critique.1818TheauthorreferencesAfricanAmericansprimarilyinordertoillustratethatthestrugglesofwomenandblacksinAmericasharethesamearguethatAfricanAmericansshouldsupportherargument.statethatAfricanAmericansarecentralinhelpingwomengainvotingrights.demonstratethatrightsshouldbejustifiedlikethoseofAfricanAmericans.1919Basedonthespeech,therelationshipbetweenthegovernmentanditspeopleismostanalogoustoateachergivingrewardstothebeststudentsinclass.arefereeenforcingrulesinordertoprotecttheamotherprovidingandcaringforherchildrensothattheywillgrowupaschoolprovidingskillsandknowledgetoitsstudentssotheycanbetterfunctioninsociety.11112020Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines10-15(“Ourdemocratic…inalienableright”)Lines19-25(“When100…civilization”)Lines40-43weformed…asLines83-86personsborn…whereintheyreside”)2121Therhetoricalquestionaskedinlines87-88bestservestovalidatethefinalpoint.castdoubtonanissueyettobesettled.mockthelanguageintheFourteenthAmendment.exposethehumorouscharacter.

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Questions22-31arebasedonthepassage.Passage1isadaptedfromtheNationalAtmosphericandOceanicAdministration’sJune10,2016article,MilkyNowHiddenfromaThirdofHumanity.Passage2isadaptedfromAreArtificialNightLightsAmongThreatstoDecliningReptiles?publishedMay6,2014bytheUSGeologicalSurvey.Passage1TheMilkythebrilliantriverofstarsthathasdominatedthenightskyandhumanimaginationssincetimeimmemorial,isbutafadedmemorytoone-thirdofhumanityand80percentofAmericans,accordingtoanewglobalatlasoflightpollutionproducedbyItalianandAmericanscientists.Lightpollutionisoneofthemostpervasiveformsofenvironmentalalteration.Inmostdevelopedcountries,theubiquitouspresenceofartificiallightscreatesaluminousfogthatswampsthestarsandconstellationsofthenightgotwholegenerationsofpeopleintheStateswhohaveneverseentheMilkysaidChrisElvidge,ascientistwiththeNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAssociation(NOAA).abigpartofourconnectiontothecosmos—andbeenElvidge,alongwithKimberlyBaugh,alsofromNOAA,ispartofateamthatdevelopedaglobalatlasoflightpollutionpublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances.high-resolutionsatellitedataandprecisionskybrightnessmeasurements,theirstudyproducedthemostaccurateassessmentyetoftheglobalimpactoflightpollution.“IhopethatthisatlaswillfinallyopentheeyesofpeopletolightsaidleadauthorFabioFalchifromtheLightPollutionScienceandInstituteinLightpollutionismostextensiveincountrieslikeSingapore,ItalyandSouthKorea,whileCanadaandAustraliaretainthedarkestskies.InWesternEurope,onlysmallareasofnightskyremainrelativelyundiminished,mainlyinScotland,SwedenandDespitethevastopenspacesoftheAmericanwest,almosthalfoftheexperienceslight-pollutednights.thesomeofournationalparksarejustaboutthelastrefugeofdarkness–placeslikeandthedesertsaidco-authorDanDuriscoeoftheNationalParkService.CONTINUEPAGE10UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE10Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.luckytohavealotofpubliclandthatprovidesabufferfromlarge40 LightpollutiondoesmorethanrobhumansoftheopportunitytoponderthenightUnnaturallightcanconfuseorexposewildlifelikeinsects,birdsandseaturtles,oftenwithfatalconsequences.lightpollutioncanbecontrolledbyshieldinglightsto45limitshinetotheimmediatearea,reducinglightingtotheminimumamountneeded—orbysimplythemoff.Passage2Lightsenablehumanstousetheoutsideenvironmentatnight,butwhatdoesartificial50illuminationmeantowildlife?Artificialnightlightingmayaffectthebehaviorofwildlifeincomplexwaysandmayevencontributetodeclinesinsomereptilespecies,accordingtoastudybyRobertN.aGeologicalSurvey(USGS)scientistinSanDiego,Calif.,55andGadanassistantprofessoratUniversityinLubbock.InrapidlyurbanizingsouthernCalifornia,PerryandFishernotedthatdeclinesappeartobeoccurringinpopulationsofmanylocalreptilespeciesfrom60variouscauses,butsignificantlocaldeclinesoftwonocturnalsnakesfromcoastalsanddunesandmarineterracesmayhavelinkstolightpollution.“SignificantrangereductionsinCaliforniaglossysnakesandwesternlong-nosedsnakescloselytracktheregions65withincreasedlightpollution,basedoncomparisonswithhistoricalsaid“DeclinesinthesespeciesbeenrecordedforsimilarruralhabitatsinnorthernCaliforniawherelightpollutionhasnotyetbecomean70 Furthermore,incoastalsouthernCalifornia,thePacificpocketmouse,asmallnocturnalmammalthatisthemainpreyfortheCaliforniaglossysnake,appearstohaveundergoneaconcurrentdecline,indicatingthatbothpreyandpredatormaybeadverselyaffectedby75lightpollution,saidFisher.OneoftheresearchgoalsPerryandFisherconsiderahighpriorityistounderstandthespecificnegativeconsequencesofdiffuseillumination—thatis,notdirectlightbutthebrightnessassociatedwithlights80fromadistance—onreptiles,especiallyinurbanandsuburbanareas.Althoughmanynocturnalreptilesmaybeadverselyaffectedbyartificialnightlight,otherspeciesclearlytakeadvantageofartificiallightsourcesforthe

85bountifulfoodtheyattract.example,severalkindsofgeckosmaketheirlivingcatchinginsectsaroundbuildings.Somegeckosareintroducedspeciesthatreadilybecomeestablishedaroundhumans,andtheirincreasedpredationaffectsinvertebratepopulations,90suchasmothsthatareattractedtolights.FisherandPerryask,towhatextentdoartificialnightlightsaidintroducedspeciestobecomeestablishedandinvasive?2222TheauthorofPassage1suggeststhatoneofthefewreasonspeopleintheUScanstillseetheMilkyisthepresenceofpublicland.availabilityofalightpollutionexistenceoflargecities.shieldingorextinguishingoflights.2323Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines8-11(“InmostLines32-34(“DespitetheLines34-36(“IntheLines43-472424BasedonPassage1,itcanbereasonablyassumedthatinFrance,peoplearenotgenerallyconcernedaboutartificiallightobscuresconstellationsinmostpartsofthecountry.peoplearemakinganactiveefforttocontrollightpollution.thereisnopubliclandtoprovideabufferfromlargecities.111125 282528Asusedinline41,“toponder”mostnearlymeanstoexplore.todescribe.tocomprehend.to2626WhichchoicefromPassage2providesthebestevidencethatlightpollutionisadirectfactorrelatedtothedeclineofcertainreptilespecies?Lines57-62(“Inrapidlyurbanizing…pollution.”)Lines62-69(“Significantrange...anLines76-81(“OneoftheLines82-852727Asusedinline64,“track”mostnearlymeansconstrastwith.pursue.resemble.correspond

TheauthorofPassage2mostlikelyintroducesthepocketmouseinordertostressthelong-rangingrepercussionsoflightpollution.pointoutthatthelackofpreycausesdeclinesinreptilepopulations.indicateadifferentpossiblecauseofdeclinesinglossysnakes.showthatlightpollutionissevereincoastalsouthernCalifornia.2929ThemainpurposeofthelastparagraphofPassage2istoshowthatanimalsotherthansnakesmightbeabletobenefitfromlightpollution.indicatethatlightpollutionhasawidevarietyofpossibleeffectsonreptilepopulations.explainthatsomespeciesofreptilesrapidlyadapttochangingsurroundings.outlineanewmethodforstudyingtheeffectsoflightpollution.3030WhichchoiceisimplicitinPassage1butexplicitinPassage2?Lightpollutionisamainreasonforthelowvisibilityofstarsinlargecities.Artificiallightmightbebeneficialforsomeanimalspecies.Mostpeopleareunawareofthewide-rangingeffectsoflightpollution.Lightpollutioncausesdetrimentaloutcomesonthenaturalenvironment.1111CONTINUEUnauthorizedCONTINUEUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.3131Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthecontrastinthemainfocusbetweenthetwopassages?Passage1isaboutastronomywhereasPassage2isaboutharmfulimpactonnature.Passage1isabouttheprevalenceoflightpollution,whereasPassage2isaboutsomeofitsramifications.Passage1discussesarangeofanimals,whereasPassage2onlydescribesreptiles.Passage1talksaboutthesolutionstolightpollution,whereasPassage2ismainlyaboutitscauses.3232HowmighttheresearchfromPassage1beofusetofutureresearchasoutlinedinPassage2?Populationsofreptilesfromdifferentareascanbemonitoredforincreasesordeclines.Thelightpollutionatlascandisprovealternatetheoriesforwhyreptilepopulationsdeclined.Thelightpollutionatlascanbeusedtohelpdeterminetheeffectsofdiffuseillumination.Peoplecanbecomebettereducatedaboutthewidespreadproblemoflightpollution.

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Questions33-42arebasedonthepassage.Thepassagebelowcomesfromanarticlepublishedonwww.inJanuary2016,titledAllThoseOfficePerks?They’reRuiningCreativity.Intheexcerptbelow,authorEricWeinerdiscusseshisviewsontheeffectsofofficeperksoncreativity.arelivingintheDecadeofPerks.Companiesarefallingoveroneanotherofferingworkerssuchgoodiesassquashcourts,hoverboards,lappools,napzones,petcareandmore.WhatbeganasaSiliconfadhasspreadtocorporateAmericawritlarge.Evenpest-controlfirmsaregettinginontheact.Onesuchfirm,inUtah,providesitsemployeesagolfplanners,meanwhile,aredoingmuchthesame,onlyonalargerscale,desperatelytryingtoluretheso-calledwithhiprestaurants,theaterdistrictsandotherculturalbonbons.Companies,andcities,offertheseenticementsinordertoattract,andkeep,top-notchemployeesbutalsowiththeimplicit(andsometimesexplicit)understandingthattheseperkswillmakethemmorecreative.firstblush,itseemstomakesense:Giveemployeesallthetoolstheyneedtoinnovate,makespaceforalittlefun,thenwatchthesparksThetruthaboutisconsiderablylessconvenient.Discomfort,andevenadegreeofhardship,arewhatdrivenotbeanbagchairsandpingpongtables.AsJohnAdamsputit,isAdisproportionatelylargepercentageofgeniuseslostaparent,usuallyawhentheywereyoung.sufferedillnessesthroughouttheirlives.ThomasEdisonwaspartiallydeaf,AldousHuxleypartiallyblind.AlexanderGrahamBellandPicassoweredyslexic.Michelangelo,Titian,GoyaandMonetallsufferedfromvariousillnessesthatactuallyimprovedtheirartwork.Whatkillyoumaynotmakeyoubutitwillmakeyoumorecreative.Althoughwell-intentionedCEOsassumethebestwaytofostercreativityistoremoveallobstacles,considerableevidencesuggeststheoppositeistrue.InoneclassicRonaldFinke,aprofessorofpsychologyatA&Maskedparticipantstocreateanartproject.Somepeopleweregivenawiderangeofmaterials,otherslittle.FinkeandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthemostcreativeworkwasCONTINUEPAGE12CONTINUEPAGE12Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.donebythosewiththefewestchoices—thatis,withthemostconstraints.RobertFrostoncelikenedwritingfree-versepoetrytoplayingtenniswithoutanet.boundaries,we45arelost.whythetrulycreativecravethemand,iftheyexist,constructthem.Geniusrequireparadise.Infact,suchanirvana—astatethatpresumablyrequiresnoimprovement—wouldsurelykillthecreativespirit.50Throughouttheages,manyageniushasdonehisbestworkinshabbysettings.AlbertEinsteinwrotehisgeneraltheoryofrelativityatthekitchentableinhisdingyBerneapartment.SteveJobsandSteveWozniakdidtheirtinkeringinacompletelyordinary55neighborhoodinSunnyvale.Therealityisthatadegreeofimpoverishmentcanmotivate,orasthephysicistErnestRutherfordonceexclaimed,havenomoneysowewillhavetothink!”Theproblemwiththebeanbagchair—andallit60represents—isthatitistoosoftandprovidesusnothingtopushagainst,andthatiswhenweareatourmostcreative.theproblemwiththetheoryisthatitconfusescauseand

effect.Sushirestaurants,experimentaltheaterandthe65likearetheproductsofacreativeenvironment,notthegeneratorsofone.lessvauntedcousin,tension,isthemotherofinvention.ResearchconductedbyDeanSimonton,apsychologistatUCDavis,bearsthisout.70reviewedgoldenagesandfoundthatplacesriddledwithpoliticalintrigue,turmoil,anduncertaintythrivednothinguncertainorintriguingaboutabeanbagIfperkboostsnota75sexyone:themobilemeeting.ArecentstudybytwoStanfordresearchersfoundthatafterevenashortwalk,asbriefasfiveminutes,peopleproducedmorecreativeideasthandidthosewhosatstill.SowhatamIsuggesting—thatcompaniesprovide80employeeswithuncomfortablechairs,feedthemcardboardsandwiches?Ofcoursenot.Butifcompanieswanttonurturecreativeemployees,notonlycontentones,theymustincludechallengesandevenadashofhardshipintheirbagofperks.Diagramshowingthesurveyresultsofprofessionalsincreativeindustries.CourtesyofC.1111CONTINUEPAGE13UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE13Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.33 373337Thecentralclaimofthepassageisthatofficeperkshavenoplaceincreativecompanies.officeperksleadtolesscreativityintheoffice.experiencingdiscomfortalwaysinspirestensionmotivatescreativitymoresothanofficeperks3434Asusedinline20,mostnearlymeanspleasant.direct.flexible.3535Themainideaofthethirdparagraphisthatmanyofthebrightestindividualssucceedinspiteofhardcircumstances.creativepeopletendtoexperiencemorehardshipsthanotherindividuals.apersonneedstoexperienceacertaindegreeofchildhoodtraumatobecomeagenius.geniusesoftenusetheirpasttraumaticexperiencesassourcesofinspiration.3636Accordingtothepassage,theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichstatement?andmorejobapplicantspreferjobswithmoreofficeperks.Employeestendtothinkmorecreativelywhentheirresourcesarelimited.Themostcreativepeoplearebornintolivesdefinedbyhardship.Employeesarenaturallylazierwhenworkingincomfortableenvironments.

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines12-16(“Companies,andLines23-25disproportionatelylarge…theywereyoung”)Lines39-42(“Finkeandhis…theconstraints”)Lines47-49(“Infact,such…killthecreativespirit”)3838Whichchoicebestdescribestheclasstheory”referredtointheseventhparagraph?Companiesareattemptingtoattractthemostcreativeemployeesbyofferingthemperks.CreativeemployeestypicallyplaceofficeperksasatopprioritywhenconsideringwhichcompanytoworkCreativepeoplepreferlivingincitieswithmorecultureandentertainmentoptions.Creativeemployeesareresponsibleforbuildingthevibrantattractionsinurbancenters.3939Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines1-4(“Companiesarefalling…petcareLines8-11(“Urbanplanners,meanwhile…culturalbonbons”)Lines16-18employeesall…watchthesparksfly”)Lines64-66(“Sushirestaurants…thegeneratorsof11114040Inline75,“sexy”mostnearlymeansseductive.suggestive.tasteful.entertaining.4141Theauthor’stonecanbestbedescribedassardonic.theatrical.neutral.cynical.4242Doestheinformationinthegraphsupporttheargumentaboutofficeperks?becauseitshowsthatofficeperkswillnotnecessarilyattractthemostcreativeemployees.becauseitshowsthatmostemployeesdonotseeofficeperksasanincentivetoworkbecausetheauthorbelievestensionandstressarethemostimportantfactorsforbecausetheauthordiscussavaluesandcultureinthepassage.

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Questions43-52arebasedonthepassage.ThepassagebelowisadaptedfromTheNewTimes,titledAfter‘TheBiggestTheirBodiesFoughttoRegainWeight.OriginallypublishedasanewsarticleinMay2016byGinaKolata,thefollowingexcerptdiscussesanissueinweight-lossandmetabolism.DannyCahillhadwonSeason8ofrealitytelevisionshow“TheBiggestsheddingmoreweightthaneverhadontheprogram—anastonishing239poundsinsevenmonths.Whenhegotonthescaleforalltoseethatevening,Dec.8,2009,heweighedjust191pounds,downfrom430.gotlifehedeclared.“Imean,IfeellikeamillionCahillleftthestageinHollywoodandflewdirectlytoNewtostartatriumphaltouroftalkshows.Asheheardfromfansallovertheworld,hiselationknewnobounds.Butintheyearssince,mor