2022-2023学年广东省茂名市电白区高一（上）期末英语试卷 解析版

2022-2023学年广东省茂名市电白区高一（上）期末英语试卷

得分

注意事项：

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3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

A

Ifyou'dliketogosightseeing,thefollowingWorldHeritagesites（世界遗产保护地）maybeyourbest

choices.

JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestArea

JiuzhaigouValley,whichliesinthenorthernpartofSichuanProvince,China,reachesaheightofmore

than4,800m,withaseriesofdifferentforestecosystems（生态系统）.It'sparticularlyfamousforits

narrowlandformsandexcellentwaterfalls.Some140kindsofbirdsalsoliveinthevalley,aswellasa

numberofendangeredplantsandanimals,includingthegiantpanda.JiuzhaigouValleywasrecognizedas

aWorldHeritagesitebyUNESCOin1992.

KhamiRuinsNationalMonument

ThecityofKhami,whichdevelopedafterthecapitalofGreatZimbabwehadbeengivenupinthe

mid-16thcentury,isofgreatarchaeological（考古的）interest.ThediscoveryofobjectsfromEuropeand

ChinashowsthatKhamiwasamajorcentrefortradeoveralongperiodoftime.ltjoinedtheWorld

HeritageListin1986.

HendersonIsland

HendersonIsland,whichliesintheeasternSouthPacific,isoneofthefewatolls（环礁）intheworld

whoseecology（生态）hasbeenuntouchedbyhumans.

Itisparticularlyfamousforthe10plantsand4birdsthatcanonlybeseenontheisland.ltwasrecordedin

theWorldHeritageListin1988.

OldCityofJerusalem

Asaholy（神圣的）cityforthreedifferentreligionsintheMiddleEast,Jerusalemhasalwaysbeenof

greatreligiousimportance.ltwasgivenaWorldHeritageStatusin1981andplacedonthe”WorldHeritage

inDangerList"thefollowingyear.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutJiuzhaigouValley?

A.Itisfamousformanyancientobjects.

B.Wonderfulwaterfallscanbeseenthere.

C.Ithasbeenuntouchedbyhumanbeings.

D.ItliesintheeasternSouthPacific.

2.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatJerusalem.

A.wasruinedinthemid-16thcentury

B.wasoncebusinesscenterfortrade

C.isaholycityforthreemajorreligions

D.hasover140kindsofbirdslivingthere

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichWorldHeritagesitewasmostrecentlyset?

A.JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestArea.

B.KhamiRuinsNationalMonument.

C.OldCityofJerusalem.

D.HendersonIsland.

B

Onenight,PilarwasinadeepsleepwhenshewaswokenbyhercatInti.Intiwasmeowingwildlyoutside

Pilafsbedroomandthrowinghimselfagainsttheclosedbedroomdoor.WhenPilaropenedhereyes,she

sawthatherbedroomwasfilledwithsmoke.AssheescapedherhousewithIntiinherarms,shesawthat

afirewasburninginherkitchen.Pilarcouldeasilyhavelostherlife,butIntiwouldnotletthat

happen.EventhoughInticouldhaveescapedthehousethroughacatdoor,hewouldn'tleavePilar.

Asamazingasthisstoryis,itisnotasuncommonasyoumaythink.TaketheexampleofCharlotteLeeand

herhorse,Thunder.Onesummernight,thewholefamilywasasleepwiththewindowsopen.Itwas

normallyveryquietwheretheylived.Suddenly，therewasaloudnoise.Charlottewokeupfromhersweet

dream,andthenoisecontinued.Thensheheardahorserunningfasttowardsthehouse.Thenextthingshe

sawwasThunderstandingoutsideherwindow,neighing（嘶叫）andshakinghishead.Sheknew

somethingwaswrong.Charlottequicklygoteveryoneoutofthehousebeforetheearthquakehit.Thunder

hassavedherlife.

Therearealsostoriesofwildanimalscomingtotherescueofhumans.Oneanimalknowntobeafriendof

humansisthedolphin.Once,ToddEndriswassurfingwithhisfriendswhenhewasattackedbya13foot

(4meter)shark.Inthemiddleoftheattack,agroupofdolphinscametohisrescuebyforminga

protectiveringaroundEndrisuntilhecouldgetsafelytoshore.Withoutthehelpofthedolphins,thereis

littlechancethatToddcouldhaveescaped.

Nooneissurewhyanimalshavesooftencometoourrescue.However,itisclearthathumansandanimals

enjoyacloserelationship.ltisimportantthatwecareforthemasmuchaswecan.

4.WhydidIntithrowhimselfagainstthedoor?

A.Hewastryingtowakeuphisowner.

B.Hewantedtogetoutoftheroom.

C.Hefeltboredandwasplayingbyhimself.

D.Hecouldn*tfindthewayoutbecauseofsmoke.

5.Beforetheearthquakehit,Charlotte

A.closedthewindowsB.wassleepingdeeply

C.rantowarnherneighborsD.gotherhorseoutofthestable

6.BothIntiandThunder.

A.wereshyandquietB.usedtomakenoiseatnight

C.werebraveandsmartD.savedtheirownersseveraltimes

7.WhichofthefollowingisprobablyTodd'sfeelingtowardsthedolphins?

A.Doubtful.B.Grateful.C.Frightened.D.Bored.

c

IfEnglishmeansendlessnewwords,difficultgrammarandsometimesstrangepronunciation,youare

wrong.Haven*tyounoticedthatyouhavebecomesmartersinceyoustartedtolearnalanguage?

AccordingtoanewstudybyaBritishuniversity,learningasecondlanguagecanleadtoanincreaseinyour

brainpower.Researchersfoundthatlearningotherlanguageschangesgreymatter.Thisistheareaofthe

brainwhichprocessesinformation.Itissimilartothewaythatexercisebuildsmuscles.

Thestudyalsofoundtheeffectisgreater,theyoungerpeoplelearnasecondlanguage.

AteamledbyDrAndreaMechelli,fromUniversityCollegeLondon,tookagroupofBritonswhoonly

spokeEnglish.Theywerecomparedwithagroupof''earlybilinguals'1whohadlearntasecondlanguage

beforetheageoffive,aswellasanumberoflaterlearners.

Scansshowedthatgreymatterdensity（密度）inthebrainwasgreaterinbilingualsthaninpeoplewithout

asecondlanguage.Butthelongerapersonwaitedbeforemasteringanewlanguage,thesmallerthe

difference.

"Ourfindingssuggestthatthestructureofthebrainischangedbytheexperienceoflearningasecond

language,"saidthescientists.

Itmeansthatthechangeitselfincreasestheabilitytolearn.

ProfessorDylanVaughanJonesoftheUniversityofWales,hasresearchedthelinkbetweenbilingualism

andmathsskills."Havingtwolanguagesgivesyoutwowindowsontheworldandmakesthebrainmore

flexible（灵活的）,"hesaid."Youareactuallygoingbeyondlanguageandhaveabetterunderstanding

ofdifferentideas.u

ThefindingswerematchedinastudyofnativeItalianspeakerswhohadlearnedEnglishasasecond

languagebetweentheagesoftwoand34.Reading,writing,andcomprehensionwerealltested.Theresults

showedthattheyoungertheystartedtolearn,thebetter."Studyingalanguagemeansyougetanentranceto

anotherworld,"explainedthescientists.

8.Themainsubjecttalkedaboutinthispassageis.

A.scienceonlearningasecondlanguage

B.man'sabilityoflearningasecondlanguage

C.languagecanhelpbrainpower

D.languagelearningandmathsstudy

9.Inthesecondparagraph,thewritermentions"exercise”inorderto.

A.saylanguageisalsoakindofphysicallabor

B.provethatoneneedsmorepracticewhenhe（she）islearningalanguage

C.toshowtheimportanceofusingthelanguagewhenyoulearnthelanguage

D.makepeoplebelievelanguagelearninghelpsgreymatterworkwell

10.Wemayknowfromthescientificfindingsthat.

A.theearlieryoustarttolearnasecondlanguage,thehigherthegreymatterdensityis

B.thereisnodifferencebetweenalatersecondlanguagelearnerandonewhodoesn'tknowasecond

language

C.theexperienceoflearningasecondlanguagehasbadeffectonpeople'sbrain

D.theabilityoflearningasecondlanguageischangingallthetime

11.Theunderlinedword"bilinguals"probablymeans.

A.aresearcheronlanguagelearning

B.apersonwhoisgoodatlearningforeignlanguages

C.apersonwhocanspeaktwolanguages

D.anactivelanguagelearner

D

OverthelasttwodaysinDecemberlastyear,nearly30tornadoescausedgreatdamageacrosssix

states-fromArkansasinthesouthtoIllinoisinthemidwest.Morethan100tornadowarningswereis

sued-themosteverforaday.ThetornadoinKentuckycausedatleast50people'sdeaths,whichwas

describedastheworstinthisstate'shistory.

Asoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld,theUnitedStatesisalsooneofthemostgeographicallyvarious

countries—fromdesertstoforeststomilesofcoastline.Whilethiscomeswithmanyadvantages,it

unfortunatelyleavesthecountryeasilydamagedbyallkindsofnaturaldisasters.

DifferentpartsoftheUnitedStatesfacedifferenttypesofnaturaldisasters.Thewestcoastisatriskof

wildfires,earthquakes,andevenvolcaniceruptions.Thesouthernpartofthecountryisfrequentlyhitby

tornadoes,andtheeastcoastfacesthethreatofserioushurricaneseveryyear.Midwesternareasnearrivers

areoftenfloodedbyhugefloods,andthesearetheworstfloodsinAmericanhistory.

Thegovernmentsreviewedtheweathereventineachstate'shistorythatcausedthehighestnumberof

deathstodeterminetheworstnaturaldisasterineverystate.Thankstotheirlocationandgeographic

research.somestatesmadepreparationsaheadoftimetoavoidmass-casualty（重大伤亡的）weather

events.

However,manyotherpartsofthecountryhavebeenlessfortunate,experiencingmassivestormsand

floods.Manysuchevents,likethe1900humcanethathitGalvestonofTexas,killedsomanypeoplethatit

wasimpossibletogetanexactnumberoffinaldeaths,especially,duringthattime.

Americanweathercontinuestobecomemorechangeable.In2018,therewere14weathereventsthat

causedover$1billionindamage.Andinmanypartsofthecountry,theseweathereventscouldbecome

evenmoredestructive（毁灭性的）becauseofglobalwarming.

12.Whatdoweknowfromthefiguresinparagraph1?

A.LessandlessnaturaldisastershitAmerica.

B.TornadoeswerethegreatestthreattoAmericans.

C.ThetornadoinKentuckywastheworstinAmerica.

D.Americasufferedfromseriousnaturaldisasters.

13.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.ThenaturaldisastersindifferentpartsofUS.

B.TheearthquakesinthewestcoastofUS.

C.ThehurricanesalongtheeastcoastofUS.

D.TheworstfloodsinAmericanhistory.

14.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeAmerican'sweatherinthefuture?

A.Controllable.B.Unchangeable.C.Pleasant.D.Worrying.

15.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AserioustornadoinKentucky

B.AweatherreportfromtheUS

C.CommonnaturaldisastersintheUS

D.Tornadoescausinggreatdamage

SimplewaystoimproveyourwrittenEnglishManypeoplethinkitisreallydifficulttoimprove(提高)

theirwritinginEnglish.Don'tworry,though.Herearesomesimplestepsthatyoucantaketoimproveyour

writtenEnglish.

•Increaseyourvocabulary.

Toexpressyourselfclearly,youneedagoodactivevocabulary.That'snotjustbeingabletoknowlotsof

words-itmeansactuallybeingabletousethemcorrectly.⑴

Tip：Whenyoulearnanewword,trytolearnalltheformsofthatword.

•(2L

Peopleoftensaythatwelearntowritebestbyreading.ReadinginEnglishisusefulinmanyways.Itisa

greatwaytogetanideaofthedifferentstylesofwritingandseehowtousewordsproperly.

Tip：(3)Learningshouldn'tbeboring.Readeachtextseveraltimestomakesureyouunderstandhowto

usenewwordsandexpressionsinthetext.

•Improveyourgrammar.

Grammarisveryimportantbecauseitimprovesthequality(质量)ofyourwriting.

Tip：(4)Thefirsttimejookforgeneralmistakesandthesecondtimelookformistakeswiththegrammar

pointyouarestudyingatthemoment.

•Justdoit!

Thebestwaytoimproveyourwritingistogetapenandpaperandwrite.Bepreparedtowriteseveral

versions(版本)ofeachtext.⑸

A.Knowyourreaders.

B.Readwidelyandoften.

C.Alwayscheckyourwritingtwice.

D.Remember,practicemakesperfect!

E.Choosebooksorarticlesthatinterestyou.

F.Usesimplerlanguageandshortersentencestoshowyourideas.

G.Dothisbylearningnewwordswithexamplesentences,notjustwordlists.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

ItwasabitterwintermorninginKennewick,Washington.JohnLuncefbrdsawacryingchildalonghis

bus(21)toschool.Tearsrolleddowntheyoungboy'scheeksashisbare(裸露)handsandearswere(22)red

becauseofthebittercold.Luncefordtookhis(23)off,whichhegavetothechild,andsaid,HIf11be

OK.n"Fmagrandfather.Noonewantsakidto(24)likethat,"Luncefordsaid.Hisheart(25)becauseofthe

poorchild,knowingthe(26)winterwasstilllyingahead.

After(27)thekidsoffatschool,thethree—yearbusdriverandformer(昔日的)USArmysoldierwent

tothe(28)tobuytensetsofglovesandhats.Hereturnedtothe(29)anddeterminedtofindtheboy.Aschool

worker(30)Luncefordtothelibrary,wheretheboywasstudyingwithhisclass.ThereLuncefordwas

surprisedto(31)theboywithanewpairofglovesandahat.

Butthelittleboywasjustthe(32).Manyotherstudentswouldreceivethe(33)oftheirfamiliarbusdriver.He

announcedtothestudentsinthelibrarythatanychildfoundwithoutahatorglovesalonghisbusroute

wouldbegivenaset.

Onelittlegirl(34)saidshedidn'thaveahat.AsLunceford(35)heracomfortablehat,hesmiledandsaid,

"I'lltakecareofyou，sweetie?

21.A.entranceB.dutyC.tripD.route

22.A.totallyB.generallyC.merelyD.roughly

23.A.overcoatB.glassesC.glovesD.socks

24.A.workB.sufferC.waitD.behave

25.A.lostB.recoveredC.changedD.ached

26.A.latestB.coldestC.hottestD.shortest

27.A.droppingB.takingC.rollingD.sending

28.A.companyB.parkC.storeD.bank

29.A.homeB.stationC.libraryD.school

30.A.fetchedB.invitedC.guidedD.followed

31.A.lookB.findC.blameD.charge

32.A.centerB.beginningC.attentionD.end

33.A.commentB.prizeC.challengeD.kindness

34.A.immediatelyB.jokinglyC.finallyD.obviously

35.A.madeB.promisedC.handedD.lent

36.TheSmallFriendsPetShelterwasstartedbyagroupofhighschoolstudentsand⑴(them)

parentswhentheystartedtoseemanypetsthatwereleftbehindaftertheirfamilies(2)(move)

away.Today,thereareabout70cats,50dogs,threerabbits,andafewturtles(3)(live)atthe

shelter.Theyoungpeople(4)runtheshelterworkhard⑸(keep)theplaceclean,takecareofthe

animals,andadvertisetheanimalssothattheycanbeadopted.

Theyhavealreadyhelpedtofind(6)(home)fornearly200animals.ltishardwork,but(7)young

peopleworkingattheshelterthinkitisworthit.

Soifyoufindapelthat(8)(lose),calltheyoungpeople(9)SmallFriendsPetShelter!Andifyou

wanttohelpout,goandvolunteeryourtimeandlove.Thatiswhattheanimals(10)(real)need

most.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

37.Despitethegreatdifficulties,therescueteamsearchedsurvivorsdayandnight.

38.Hestoodonthesidewalkwithhishands(bury)inthepocketsofhisdarkovercoat.

39.Theysparednoefforttosavethebuilding(date)backtotheQingDynasty.

40.It'ssaidthatthecauseoftheterribleaccidentisstillunder(investigate).

41.Ithasbeenfoundthatparents1wordsanddeedshaveeffectontheirchildren.

42.Theposterwarnspeoplethatitsillegal(hunt)endangeredanimalsinthereserve.

43.Fdappreciateifyoucouldhelpmewiththeopeningspeech.

44.Theoldbridge,built300yearsago,(sweep)awaybyaheavyfloodlastsummer.

45.Idon'tknowwhattimeitisnowbecausemywatch(repair).

46.Thecompanywevisittodayisnottheonemyfatherusedtoworkfbrnearlyten

years.

47.Thefestivalwillincludeaofactivities,suchasoperadancing,paintingandball

games.(vary)

48.Inwithlastterm,mygradeshavegreatlyimproved,butwithmyclassmates,

Istillhavealongwaytogo.(compare)

49.购物中心因为一根烟而被烧毁，这让我们感到震惊。

Theshoppingcenterwasburneddownduetoacigarette,madeus.

50.他失去了平衡，这使他从自行车上摔下来。

He,makinghimfalloffthebike.

51.只有当我们学会与自然和谐共存，这世界才变得越来越美好。

Onlywhenwelearntothenaturetheworldbebetterandbetter.

52.假定你是李华，你班要举行一个英语学习经验交流会。作为英语课代表，你是老师指定

的发言人之一。请你准备一篇发言稿与同学们交流，内容包括：

（1）你的英语学习经验（多看多听多交流）；

（2）对同学们的鼓励。

注意：

（1）词数100左右；

（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

（3）文章的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dearclassmates,_______Thankyou!

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、C、A

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestArea部分It'sparticularly

famousforitsnarrowlandformsandexcellentwaterfalls.（它以其狭窄的地形和极好的瀑布而闻名。）

可知，九寨沟以其狭窄的地形和极好的瀑布而闻名，由此可知，关于九寨沟，我们知道在那里可

以看到奇妙的瀑布。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据OldCityofJerusalem部分Asaholy（神圣的）cityforthreedifferentreligions

intheMiddleEast,Jerusalemhasalwaysbeenofgreatreligiousimportance.（作为中东三个不同宗教

的圣城，耶路撒冷一直具有重要的宗教意义。）可知，从文章中，我们可以了解到耶路撒冷是三

大宗教的圣城。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestArea部分JiuzhaigouValleywas

recognizedasaWorldHeritagesitebyUNESCOin1992.（九寨沟于1992年被联合国教科文组织确

认为世界遗产。）可知，九寨沟是1992年被确认为世界遗产的;根据KhamiRuinsNationalMonument

部分ItjoinedtheWorldHeritageListin1986.”（它于1986年加入世界遗产名录。）可知，卡米国

家遗址纪念地是1986年被确认为世界遗产的；根据"HendersonIsland"部分关键句"Itwasrecordedin

theWorldHeritageListin1988.（它于1988年被列入世界遗产名录。）可知，亨德森岛是1988年

被确认为世界遗产的；根据"OldCityofJerusalem”部分ItwasgivenaWorldHeritageStatusin1981

andplacedonthe"WorldHeritageinDangerList"thefollowingyear.（1981年被授予世界遗产地位，

次年被列入“濒危世界遗产名录"。）可知，耶路撒冷古城是1981年被授予世界遗产地位，次年被

列入”濒危世界遗产名录"，综上所述，对比时间可知，最近确定的世界遗产是九寨沟风景名胜区。

故选D。

这是一篇应用文。本文主要向读者介绍了四个观光地点，它们都是世界遗产保护地。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】A、B、C、B

【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据第一段中的Onenight,Pilarwasinadeepsleepwhenshewaswoken

byhercatInti.IntiwasmeowingwildlyoutsidePilar'sbedroomandthrowinghimselfagainsttheclosed

bedroomdoor.（一天晚上，皮拉尔在熟睡中被她的猫英蒂吵醒。英蒂在皮拉尔的卧室外疯狂地啮

口苗叫，扑倒在紧闭的卧室门上。）和下文afirewasburninginherkitchen.（她的厨房着火了。）可

知，英蒂用自己的身体撞门是为了唤醒自己的主人，因为厨房里着火了。故选A。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据第二段中的TaketheexampleofCharlotteLeeandherhorse,Thunder.One

summernightthewholefamilywasasleepwiththewindowsopen.（以夏洛特•李和她的马雷霆为例。

一个夏夜，全家都开着窗户睡着了。）可知，地震前夏洛特在熟睡。故选B。

（3）C.推理判断题。根据第一段中的Onenight,Pilarwasinadeepsleepwhenshewaswokenbyher

catInti.IntiwasmeowingwildlyoutsidePilafsbedroomandthrowinghimselfagainsttheclosedbedroom

door.（一天晚上，皮拉尔在熟睡中被她的猫英蒂吵醒。英蒂在皮拉尔的卧室外疯狂地哺啸叫，扑

倒在紧闭的卧室门上。）和第二段中的Thensheheardahorserunningfasttowardsthehouse.

（然后她听到一匹马飞快地向房子跑去。）Thunderhassavedherlife.（雷鸣救了她的命。）可知，

英蒂和雷鸣都很勇敢和聪明，它们通过撞墙和嘶叫唤醒了处于危险中的主人。故选C。

（4）B.推理判断题。根据第三段中的Withoutthehelpofthedolphins,thereislittlechancethatTodd

couldhaveescaped.（如果没有海豚的帮助，托德逃跑的可能性很小。）可推知，托德要感谢海豚。

A.Doubtful怀疑的；B.Grateful感激的；C.Frightened害怕的；D.Bored无聊的。故选B。

本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是不同的动物救人的故事，这告诉人们：动物和人类的关系很密

切，我们应该尽可能多地照顾它们。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8〜11.【答案】C、D、A、C

【解析】（1）C.主旨大意题。根据第二段中第一行的learningasecondlanguagecanleadtoanincrease

inyourbrainpower学习第二语言有助于增加你的脑力。和倒数第二段

的Havingtwolanguagesgivesyoutwowindowsontheworldandmakesthebrainmoreflexible,Mhe

said."Youareactuallygoingbeyondlanguageandhaveabetterunderstandingofdifferentideas

掌握两种语言给了你观看两个世界的窗口，你会超越语言本身，对于不同的问题有更好的理解。

可以看出asecondlanguage是中心词，所以答案是C.

（2）D.细节推理题。根据第二段中Researchersfoundthatlearningotherlanguageschangesgrey

matter.Thisistheareaofthebrainwhichprocessesinfonnation

这是大脑进行信息加工的地方。Itissimilartothewaythatexercisebuildsmuscles

这就和我们通过锻炼来增强肌肉的作用是一样的。可以知道作者用锻炼肌肉来比喻语言学习对对

大脑的作用，使读者能形象的理解这种作用，故选D.

（3）A.细节推理题。根据第五段中Scansshowedthatgreymatterdensity（密度）inthe

brainwasgreaterinbilingualsthaninpeoplewithoutasecondlanguage

（脑部扫描表明学习第二语言的人的大脑灰质层的密度比没有学习的人高）.Butthelongera

personwaitedbeforemasteringanewlanguage,thesmallerthedifference

（但是学习的越晚这种不同越小）。可以推断出学习第二语言越早的人他的大脑密度越高，所以

选择A.

（4）C.词义猜测题。根据根据划线词所在的句子

"AteamledbyDrAndreaMechelli,fromUniversityCollegeLondon,tookagroupofBritonswhoonly

spokeEnglish.Theywerecomparedwithagroupof"earlybilinguals"whohadlearntasecondlanguag

ebeforetheageoffive,aswellasanumberoflaterlearners.伦敦大学学院的安德烈•梅切利博士领导

的一个研究小组，研究了一群只会说英语的英国人。他们与一组五岁以前学过第二语言的”早期双

语者”以及一些后来的学习者进行了比较。”可知，前面应是说掌握第二语言的人，所以bilingual

的意思应是peoplewhocanspeaktwolanguages.故选C.

文章主要讲述了学习一门外语可以使你的脑力增加。学者们发现，学习外语改变脑力，可以促进

你大脑的发运，让你更加的聪明。

1.直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2.间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进

行转换。

3.综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落

在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

12〜15.【答案】D、A、D、C

【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。根据第一段"OverthelasttwodaysinDecemberlastyear,nearly30

tornadoescausedgreatdamageacrosssixstates—fromArkansasinthesouthtoIllinoisinthe

midwest.Morethan100tornadowarningswereissued—themosteverforaday.ThetornadoinKentucky

causedatleast50people'sdeaths,whichwasdescribedastheworstinthisstate'shistory.（在去年12月

的最后两天里，从南部的阿肯色州到中西部的伊利诺伊州，近30次龙卷风在六个州造成了巨大的

破坏，发布了100多个龙卷风警告，这是有史以来最多的一天。肯塔基州的龙卷风造成至少50人

死亡，这被描述为该州历史上最严重的一次。）”可知，文章第一段列举的数字说明美国遭受了严

重的自然灾害，造成了极大的破坏，故选D。

（2）A.段落大意题o根据第三段"DifferentpartsoftheUnitedStatesfacedifferenttypesofnatural

disasters.Thewestcoastisatriskofwildfires,earthquakes,andevenvolcaniceruptions.Thesouthernpart

ofthecountryisfrequentlyhitbytornadoes,andtheeastcoastfacesthethreatofserioushurricanesevery

year.Midwesternareasnearriversareoftenfloodedbyhugefloods,andthesearetheworstfloodsin

Americanhistory.（美国不同地区面临不同类型的自然灾害。西海岸面临野火、地震甚至火山爆

发的风险。该国南部地区经常受到龙卷风的袭击，东海岸每年都面临严重飓风的威胁。靠近河流

的中西部地区经常被巨大的洪水淹没，这些都是美国历史上最严重的洪水。）”可知，第三段主要

讲述美国不同地区面临不同类型的自然灾害，并主要介绍美国不同地区的自然灾害，故选A。

（3）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Americanweathercontinuestobecomemorechangeable.In2018,

therewere14weathereventsthatcausedover$1billionindamage.Andinmanypartsofthe

country,theseweathereventscouldbecomeevenmoredestructive（毁灭性的）becauseofglobal

warming.（美国的天气继续变得更加多变。2018年，有14个天气事件，造成超过10亿美元的损

失。在该国的许多地方，由于全球变暖，这些天气事件可能会变得更具毁灭性。）”可知，美国的

天气多变，可能会变得更具毁灭性。故推知美国未来的天气是令人担心的、不容乐观的，

A.Controllable可控的；B.Unchangeable不可改变的；C.Pleasant令人愉快的；D.Worrying令人担心

的。故选D。

（4）C.标题归纳题。根据第二段"Asoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld,theUnitedStatesisalsoone

ofthemostgeographicallyvariouscountries—fromdesertstoforeststomilesofcoastline.（作为世界

上最大的国家之一，美国也是在地理环境上最多样化的国家之一，从沙漠到森林再到数英里的海

岸线。）”及第三段"DifferentpartsoftheUnitedStatesfacedifferenttypesofnaturaldisasters.Thewest

coastisatriskofwildfires,earthquakes,andevenvolcaniceruptions.Thesouthernpartofthecountryis

frequentlyhitbytornadoes,andtheeastcoastfacesthethreatofserioushurricaneseveryyear.Midwestern

areasnearriversareoftenfloodedbyhugefloods,andthesearetheworstfloodsinAmericanhistory.(美

国不同地区面临不同类型的自然灾害。西海岸面临野火、地震甚至火山爆发的风险。该国南部地

区经常受到龙卷风的袭击，东海岸每年都面临严重飓风的威胁。靠近河流的中西部地区经常被巨

大的洪水淹没，这些都是美国历史上最严重的洪水。”'可知，本文主要介绍美国地理环境多样化，

常年遭遇很多自然灾害，并且不同地区常年面临不同的自然灾害。故文章的标题是美国常见的自

然灾害。A.AserioustornadoinKentucky肯塔基州发生严重龙卷风；B.AweatherreportfromtheUS

来自美国的天气报告；C.CommonnaturaldisastersintheUS美国常见的自然灾害；

D.Tomadoescausinggreatdamage造成巨大破坏的龙卷风。故选C。

这是一篇说明文.文章主要讲述了美国地理环境多样化，天气多变，常年遭受自然灾害，不同地

区遭受不同的自然灾害。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

16~20.【答案】G、B、E、C、D

［解析］(1)G.细节理解题。根据前句Toexpressyourselfcle