2022-2023学年上海市名校高二（下）期中英语试卷（含解析）

2022-2023学年上海市名校高二（下）期中英语试卷

1.

TheRealCostofTravel

Masstourismisarelativelyrecentphenomenon.Thetourismindustry(1)(take)offin

themiddleofthelastcenturyandit'sbeengrowingeversince.Inthelasttenyearsespecially,more

andmorepeoplehavebeentravelingtoplaces(2)wehadpreviouslyonlyreadaboutor

seenontelevision.Butwhatkindofimpactdoestourismhaveontheplanet?

Avoyagetotheendoftheearth?

Alargecruiseship(邮轮)cancarryasmanyas6,000passengersandthereareupwardsof50such

shipscurrently(3)(sail)theseas.Cruiseshipsdumpabout90,000tonsofwasteinto

theoceanseveryyear.Anyharmfuleffectsofthisaremadeevenworsebythefact(4)

cruisestendtovisitthesameplacesoverandoveragain,thusconcentratingthewasteinspecific

places.

Trashontopoftheworld

Fromremoteoceanhabitatstotheworld'shighestmountain,ourtrashiseverywhere.Thoughfar

fewerpeoplegoclimbingtheHimalayasthanonacruise,theirimpact(5)(still

feel).TourismisvitaltotheeconomyofNepal,(6)itistomanynon-industrial

countries.Butfordecades,climbershavebeenabandoningtheirunwantedequipmentonEverest.For

thelastfewyears,clean-upteamsoflocalandinternationalclimbershavebeenorganizinghiking

tripsjust(7)(pick)upthewaste.Onegrouphasbroughtovereighttonsofwastedown

fromthemountain!

Whenmoreisnotbetter

TourismofadifferentkindiscausingproblemsinEurope.ConstructionontheMediterraneancoast

hasbeen(8)controlforyears.BeachresortsformanalmostunbrokenlinefromGibraltar

toGreece,andnaturalhabitatshavedisappearedundermilesofconcrete.Andsowepollutethesea,

theland,andtheair.Low-costairtravelisbooming,inspiteof(orperhaps(9)(help)

by)economicproblems.FormanyEuropeans,low-costflightsallowthemtotakeseveralshort

vacationsayear.Yetcuriously,shortflightsactuallyhaveamuchbiggereffectonclimatechange

thanlongflights.So,arethere(10)(damaging)waysofseeingtheworld?Traveling

bytrain,forexample,isamuchgreenerwayofgettingaround.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

2.

A.buildB.preciselyC.reasonD.reinventE.relativeF.social

G.surviveH.theoreticallyI.tracesJ.transmissionK.works

Threethingsthatmakeushuman

AllspeciesonEarth,includinghumans,areunique.Yetourintelligenceandcreativitygowell

beyondthoseofanyotheranimal.Humanshavelongcommunicatedthroughlanguage,andinvented

evermorecomplextoolsthathaveenabledourspeciesto(1)anddevelop.

>Ourbrains

Withoutdoubt,thehumantrait(特征)thatsetsusapartthemostfromtheanimalkingdomisour

extraordinarybrain.Humansdon'thavethelargestbrainsintheworld—thosebelongtosperm

whales.Wedon'tevenhavethelargestbrains(2)tobodysize-manybirdshavebrainsthat

makeupmorethan8%oftheirbodyweight,comparedtoonly2.5%forhumans.Yetthehumanbrain,

whichweighsaboutthreepoundswhenfullygrown,givesustheabilityto(3)andthink

onourfeetbeyondthecapabilitiesoftherestoftheanimalkingdom.ltgaveusthe(4)of

Einstein,Mozartandmanyothergeniuses.

>Language

Manyspeciescommunicatewithvocalsounds.Butlanguageisaspecialformofcommunication.Full

language,withrulesforcombiningsoundsintowords,andwordsintosentences,probablyoriginated

atsomepointabout50,000yearsago.Butwewillprobablyneverknow(5)whenand

wherelanguageoriginated.Fossils,DNAevidence,comparisonswithotheranimals,andstudiesof

howlanguageschangeovertimeallprovideclues,butspokenlanguageitselfleavesfew(6)

.Itmostlikelyevolvedfromasimplerformofcommunication.Chimpanzeesuseboth

gesturesandvocalcallstocommunicatestatusandothercomplex(7)information.ltis

possiblethatourancestorsalsoexpressedthemselvesfirstwithgesturesorsimplewords,then

developedrulesforlinkingthemintosentences.

ALearningfromeachother

Ouruniquebrainsanddexterity(灵巧)ofourhandsuseoftoolspossible,butwealsorelyonthe

cultural(8)ofideas.Cultureisattheheartofbeinghuman.Weputourheadstogether,

weshareideas,andlearnfromeachother,recognizingapast,apresent,andafuture.Welearnfrom

thepast,(9)onthisinthepresent,andexpectthefuture.Withoutculture,eachnew

generationwouldbeforcedto(10)thewheel.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

OneofthepresentsinmyhousethisChristmaswasalate18th-centuryvolumeoftheEncyclopaedia

Britannica(大英百科全书).Itisawindowintothediscoveriesandthinkingofthetime.The

encyclopaediaisanentertainingreminderofhow(1)someofourcunenttruthsareboundto

be.Certaintiesinareaswehaven'tyetunderstoodwilllookjustasridiculousassomeoftheseincenturies

tocome.Andoneofthosewearestillremarkably(2)istheeffectoffoodandexerciseonour

bodies.WeYesurroundedbyconfident(3)onhowtoeat,howtoavoidorreverseobesity(月巴

胖),andyettheadviceseemspointlesswhiletheworldgetsfatter.Muchofwhatwethinkweknowisa

pileofassumptionsratherthan(4).

OurconfusionisthethemeofSpoon-Fed,abookbyoneofBritain'sleadingnutritionresearchers,Tim

SpectorofKing'sCollegeLondon.Itssubtitleis："Whyalmosteverythingwe'vebeentoldaboutfoodis

wrong."Itisacallfbrusto(5)more.

OnebyoneSpectoroffersanswerstorecentfood(6).Coffeecansaveourlives,hesays.Three

tofourcupsadayreducestheriskofheartdiseaseandmaycuttheriskofdeathby8percent.Butterdoes

notdamageourhearts,Spectorargues,andsaltisvital.Eggshavegone"fromheroestovillainsandback

again".Don'tsaynotoallredmeaton(7)grounds；occasionalsmallquantitiesofhigh-quality

unprocessedmeatprovideimportantvitaminsandironandare"probablygoodforyou".Exerciseisso

goodforlongevityandhappinessthatitshouldbeconsideredourNo1drug,buttheonethingfbrwhich

it's(8)uselessislosingweight.Vitaminpillsareamultibillion-poundindustrywithalmostno

proven(9)butwhichcancauserealharm.EvenvitaminD,whichSpectorusedtostudyand

believein,henow(10).

Spectoralsooffersmorethanasetofcurrently(11)tips.Thescienceofnutritionhasnotbeen

solvedbyhim,ashewouldbethefirsttoadmit.Hismost(12)pointisthatthereisnoonesize

thatfitsall.Ourbodiesarecomplex,andourreactionsare(13)：yetnobodywantstopayfor

theresearchthatmightexplainwhy.

Somecombinationoffoodchoices,genes,environmentandthechemicalreactionsgeneratedbyour

microbiome一theuniquemicrobe(微生物的)combinationsinourbody—yesdifferent(14)

foreachofus,leavingsomeleanandtwothirdsofustoofat.ThisistheterritorySpectorwantstoexplore

furtherandwhichmightjustallowusto(15)theglobaltrendtoobesity,withalltheriskswe've

witnessedthisyear.

1)A.well-knownB.aim-orientedC.ill-foundedD.long-lived

3.A.certainaboutB.ignorantofC.capableofD.worriedabout

4,A.decisionsB.coursesC.focusesD.suggestions

5.A.factsB.chancesC.reasonsD.features

6.A.investigateB.demandC.concentrateD.spend

7.A.suppliesB.shortagesC.standardsD.myths

8.A.cultureB.historyC.economyD.health

9.A.equallyB.practicallyC.sociallyD.impossibly

10.A.effectivenessB.consciousness

C.competitivenessD.emptiness

11.A.servesB.sharesC.recognizesD.dismisses

12.A.pointlessB.topicalC.defensibleD.additional

13.A.emotionalB.significantC.questionableD.forgivable

14.A.individualB.unpredictableC.importantD.available

15.A.changesB.outcomesC.profitsD.addicts

16.A.startB.analyzeC.stopD.reflect

D

Thelasttimethehorseseriouslycompetedwithman-madetransportforspeedwas1830,whena

stagecoachwonaraceagainstAmerica'sfirstdomesticallymanufacturedsteamlocomotive（蒸汽机车）.

Nowhorsekindhasemergedvictoriousoverwhatisintheoryafarmorepowerfulopponent一the

broadbandinternetconnection.

ThecontestoverthegentlyrollinghillsoftheSauerland,aprettydistrictinwesternGermany,startedas

ajoke.

Klaus-PeterKappest,aphotographerfromOberkirchen,hadbeenfrustratedforyearsbytheslowpaceof

hisuploads.At15megabits（比特，一种信息量单位）persecond,itsometimestakeshimseveralhours

tosendabatchofhigh-resolutionimagestohisclients.OnedayMrKappest,52,waschattingtohis

colleaguesatWoll,alocalmagazine.Hesuggestedthathewouldbebetteroffdeliveringhisphotographs

byhorse.nThatwasthemostreliablecommunicationstechnologyintheMiddleAges,"hesaid."Andthe

editorsaid,'Welllet'sdoitthen,let'sseewhichistrulyfaster."

MrKappestturnedtoJakobSchutte,ariderwholivesinthesamevillage,andFavo,hishorse.The

photographerburnt4.2GBofimagesontoaDVD,packeditintoabagandsentitoffwithFavoandMr

Schutteonthe10kmridetotheprinter'sofficeinSchmallenberg.

AtthesametimeheuploadedthedatathroughWeTransfer,apopularfile-sharingservice.Thecomputer

hada20-minuteheadstartwhileMrSchuttestartedoffdowntheroad,pastWilzenbergmountain.Favo

madethejourneyin104minutes.Thefiletransfer,however,wasnotfinisheduntilthehorsehadreturned

toOberkirchenmorethantwohourslater.Intotalittookfivehours.

Therewasaseriouspointbehindthestory.Germanyhaslongbeenknownforitspoorbroadbandand

mobileinternetcoverage,particularlyinthecountryside.Twoyearsagoareportbyanetworkregulator

foundthat29percentofinternetusersreceivedlessthanhalfthespeedtowhichtheywerecontractually

entitled.Whilethingshaveimproved,aglobalsurveycarriedoutthisyearfoundthatittookonaverage16

minutesandeightsecondstodownloada5GBfilmthroughaGermaninternetconnection-alittlebetter

thantheUKbutworsethanPuertoRicoandBarbados.

IntheSauerland,MrKappest*sarea,millionsofeuroshavebeenspentonanewnetworkbutthe

connectionshaveyettobeswitchedonindozensoftownsandvillages,includingOberkirchen.Thehorse

racediditsjob：MrKappesthassincebeenassuredthathisbroadbandwillbeupandrunningnextmonth.

17.Thestoryofastagecoachismentionedinthefirstparagraphmainlyto.

A.leadinthetopic

B.introduceanewrace

C.highlightahistoricalyear

D.correctpeople'smisunderstanding

18.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJakobSchutteandhishorse?

A.TheywerehiredbyWeTransfer.

B.TheyusedtoliveinSchmallenberg.

C.Theycompletedthetaskinlessthantwohours.

D.TheyspentfivehoursonthewaytoOberkirchen.

19.Whichofthefollowingisaconsequenceofthehorserace?

A.Germanywillrealizeitspoorbroadbandservice.

B.MrKappestwillsoonhaveabetterinternetconnection.

C.MoreeuroswillbespentonthenewnetworkintheSauerland.

D.OberkirchenwillbethefirstinGermanytostopanyhorserace,

20.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Germanyfallsbehindinwificonnection

B.Historyhardlyrepeatsitselfinnormalways

C.Uploadingphotographsinamodemworldisallthateasy

D.Horsepowerstillhasanadvantageinracewithvillagewifi

E

AChinesecoinfoundinaHampshirefieldsuggeststhatmedieval（中世名己）tradebetweenEnglandand

theFarEastwasmoreextensivethanpreviouslythought,ahistorianhassaid.

ThecoinoftheNorthernSongdynastydatesfrom1008-1016,butisofatypethatremainedinwideuse

inChinaforseveralhundredyears.

ItisthesecondChinesecoinfoundinamedievalcontextinEnglandandexpertssaidthatitsdiscovery

addedweighttotheideathatthetwocoinsweregenuinemedievallossesandnotdroppedbymodern

collectors.

ThecoinwasfoundbyadetectoristnearPetersfieldandabout20milesfromtheonlyotherChinesework

ofartfrommedievalEngland：apieceofblueandwhiteporcelain（瓷器）fromasmallcuporbowl,

whichcouldbeplacedinWinchesterinthe14thcentury.

CaitlinGreen,ahistorianattheUniversityofCambridge,suggestedinablogthatthecoinmighthave

beenbroughttoEnglandataboutthesametimeastheporcelain.

ShesaidthefindsofthiscoinandanotherNorthernSongdynastycoinof1066-77,unearthedinCheshire,

suggesttheWinchesterporcelainmayhavebeenpartoftheobjectsfromtheFarEastinthe14thcentury

ratherthanaone-off.ThiswascenturiesbeforeimportsofChinesegoodsbecamewidespreadinthe1600s,

butaboutthesametimeasChinesepotteryisknowntohavebeenownedbyroyalsinFranceandItaly.

ThehistoryofChinesegoodsinBritaingoesbackfurther,however,withrichRomanBritonsknownto

haveboughtChinesesilk.

DrGreensaidthatgoodsfromChinawouldhavereachedEnglandoverseveralstagesbywayofthe

MiddleEastandItaly.

21.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthetwoChinesecoinsmentionedinthepassage?

A.Theywereunearthedatthesamesite.

B.TheywerebelievedtohavearrivedatEnglandinthe1300s.

C.TheywerefoundtohavebeenownedbyroyalsinFranceandItaly.

D.Theyweredroppedbymodemcollectors.

22.Theword"one-off'(paragraph6)mostprobablymeans.

A.somethingthatdoesn'thappenregularly

B.somethingthatdoesn'thappenonlyonce

C.somethingthathappensonasmallscale

D.somethingthathappensunexpected

23.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Chinesecoinhintsatvastmedievaltraderoute

B.CoinsandwhiteporcelaintracebacktoancientChina

C.ChinesesilkpointsatalastingEngland-Chinarelationship

D.HistoryofChinesegoodsinBritainhasbeenredefined

F

Ourlivesaremadeupofhuman-machineinteractions—withsmartphones,televisions,

computers-thathavethepowertodelightand,often,frustrate.Intothisareahassteppedanewclass

ofprofessional：theuser-experience,orUX,designer,whosejobistoseeaproductnotfroman

engineer's,marketer's,orlegaldepartment'sperspectivebutfromtheviewpointoftheuseralone.And

toinsistthatthecustomershouldnothavetolearntospeakthecompany*sinternallanguage.The

companyshouldlearntospeakthecustomer's.

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,theroleofUXdesignershasbecomeafixtureonthoseyear-end

"hottestjob"lists.IfyouwanttostudyUX,younowhavetheoptionatsomethreedozeninstitutions

intheUnitedStates,includingCarnegieMellonandtheUniversityofWashington.ButFordisoneof

thefewmajorindustrialcompaniesintheU.S.toputaUXexpert,JimHackett,incharge.

Atpresent,thequestionfacingthecarindustryisbasicallywhetherhigh-techgiantssuchasTeslaand

Googlecanlearncar-makingtechnologytrainsfasterthanFord,GM,andothercarmakerscanlearn

softwareandalgorithms.ButHackettreflectsFord'sbetthatthewinnerwon'tbethebestchassis。氐

盘)makerorsoftwaremaker,butthecompanythatnailstheinteractionbetweenmanandmachine.

"OneofthethingsthatdrewmetoJimwashiscommitmenttodesignthinking,whichputsthehuman

beingatthecenteroftheequation,"explainedBillFord,thecompany'sexecutivechairman.

HackettretiredfromSteelcase,afurnituremaker,in2014andin2016,BillFordhiredhimtorun

theautomaker'sSmartMobilitysubsidiary,whichwastaskedwithrethinkingfromthegroundup

howcarswouldbedriven,powered,andowned.''Thisiswhatwecallthedesigngap,'*saidHackett

inaninterview,pointingtothespacebetweentwolinesonagraphhe'ddrawnonawhiteboard.One

lineclimbsup—thisisacompany'sskillatmakingthings,whichgoesupovertime.Belowitisa

downwardline,representingacompany*sunderstandingofthecustomer'sexperience.This,hesaid,

candeclineovertime,asacompanylosessightoftheproblemsit'sinthebusinessofsolving.The

designgapmaybenoticeablewhenthejobis,say,buildingamarginallybettertailgatefortheFord

F-150.Butitbecomespositivelyyawningwhenyourindustryissothoroughlyturnedonitsheadthat

you'reforcedtoasksomebasicquestions：Dopeoplewanttoowntheircarsorsharethem?Drive

themorhavethemdriven?Thefloodofnewtechnologiesmakeseverythingpossible.

24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesaUXdesigner'sresponsibility?

A.Heisdevotedtodesigninginnovativeproducts.

B.Heisdevotedtomakingaproductsatisfyusers1needs.

C.Heisdevotedtoimprovingacompany'sinternallanguage.

D.Heisdevotedtounderstandinghuman-machineinteractions.

25.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.UXdesignersareregardedasoneofthosebest-paidjobs.

B.High-techgiantshavetakentheleadincarmanufacturing.

C.Companiesarelayinggreateremphasisoncustomers1feelings.

D.TheUXcoursesprovidedbytheUSinstitutionsarefarfromenough,

26.FordhiresJimHackettbecausethecompanybelievesthat.

A.itiscurrentlyfacingthebiggestchallengethatneedsanewperspective

B.Hackett'sdesignthinkingisquitedifferentfromotherUXprofessionals

C.customers1experienceplaysadecisiveroleinthecar-makingcompetition

D.SteelcasegaveHackettenoughtimeandexperiencetogrowupintoanexpert

27.WhatisJimHackettmostlikelytoagreewith?

A.Fordshouldpaylessattentiontonewtechnologies.

B.Fordhaslongbeenignoringcustomers'experience.

C.Fordisnolongeraleadingcompanyinautomakingskills.

D.FordhasmadeawrongdecisiontobuildatailgatefortheF-150.

A.ButthecontentoftheCubeissowidethatitcanbeasymboloflogicalthinking,a

wayoflife.

B.Eventuallyhecameupwithasix-sidedstructurewithnineinterlockingcubesoneach

side.

C.Hismomentofinspii'ationcameinthespringof1974.

D.IamforcedtoadmitthatIhaven*tsolvedityet.

E.RubikwasbomtowardstheendoftheSecondWorldWartoanaircraftengineer

fatherandapoetmother.

F.ThefollowingyearhewasofferedthechancetotakehisinventiontoatoyfairinNew

York.

TheCubehashisownvoice1

IarriveattheSzepilonaBisztro,onaleafyroadonthe"Buda"sideofBudapest,holdingaRubik's

Cubeandsearchingforthemanwhohadcreateditalmost50yearsago.Ifeelunworthytohavelunch

withEmoRubik,nottheleastreasonofwhichisbecausetheCubeIamholdinghasneverbeen

solved.

Rubikanivespunctually.He'sbeencomingtothisrestaurantsincethelate1960s,whenhewasa

graduatestudent,beforehehadinventedoneoftheworld'smostsuccessfulpuzzles-acubewith43

quintillioncombinations,onlyoneofwhichiscoiTect.

(1)Atthattime,Rubikwaslivinginhisfamily'sapartmentonagrandavenueonthe

"Pest1'sideofthecity.Hewasaprofessorofarchitecture,buthisroomwas"likeachild'spocket,

fullofmarblesandtreasures11.

Inanattempttohelpstudentsunderstandthree-dimensionalproblems,hetriedtobuildasetofcubes

thatstayedtogetherbutcouldalsomoveindependently.(2)Hepaintedeachsideadifferent

colour.Butafterhehadtwistedit,herealisedthathecouldnoteasilyreturnittoitsoriginalstate.

"Itwasamoredifficulttasktofindasystemtosolveitthanithadbeentocreatethethingitself71he

says.Intheend,ittookhimamonth.Andsolvingitgavehima"happyfeelingoffreedom'1,hesaid

atthetiine.TheRubik'sCubewasborn,andtodatemorethan450millionhavebeensold,thecraze

reachingitspeakintheearly1980s.

Rubikwas29whenhe"discovered"theCubein1974.By1979,Rubikhadsold300,000.(3)

Fromthere,itspreadacrosstheworld,withsome100Rubik'sCubesbeingsoldinonlythree

years.

"Ican'timaginetherebeingahighertypeforitthantherehadbeeninthe’80s,"hesays.Hemotions

tomyCube.(4)RubikcomfortsmewithaJapanesesloganfromthe1980s,coinedfora

game："aminutetolearnandalifetimetomaster".

28.A.AB.BC.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

29.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

30.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

31.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

32.Smalltalk

Smalltalkisoftenthoughtofasunimportant,orperhapsworse,asubstituteforrealspeechand

thoughtincommonopinion.Nevertheless,researchsuggeststheywillbenefit.

Onereasonforsmalltalk'sbadreputationisthatittends,forobviousreasons,toaimforthelowest

commondenominator(分母).Inritualizeddialogue,littleinformationisexchanged.uHello"signals

nothingatall."Howareyou?”rarelygetsafullyhonestanswer.

However,linguistscallthatcrucialhello,talkphatic(交流情感的)BronislawMalinowski,

whocoinedtheterminthe1920s；explainedthatinphatictalktiesofunionarecreatedbyamere

exchangeofwords."Ifyouknowliterallynothingaboutsomeoneyoucanstillsafelypresumethey

prefersuntorain,andbegintoestablishaconnectiononthatbasis.Ifyourbusortrainissuddenly

stuck,anevenbetteropportunityarises.Youcanbesureyourfellowpassengersarenothappyabout

it,andasharedgrousingsessionmakesthem-andyou-feellessalonewithyourinconvenience.

Atwork,smalltalkmayseemadistractionfromwhatemployeesarepaidtodo.Butthereisa

spectrumbetweenemptytalk("Hello1'),socialtalk("Howwasyourholiday?”),socialtalk

relevanttowork("IsSarahstillonholiday?")andpurebusinesstalk("HasSarahfinishedthat

report?"）.AstudyofgovernmentdepartmentsinNewZealandbyJanetHolmesshowshow

frequentlypeopleswitchbetweenthosemodes,eveninbriefconversations.Thatsuggestsafunction

beyondfillingawkwardgaps.Amongotherthings,suchchattercanbondequalstogetherinashared

task.Shealsofindsthatbossesaremorelikelytoinitiatesmalltalkswithsubordinatesthantheother

round（aswellastocutitoff）.Thisisbecause,evenwithoutbeingtold,agoodmanagerrealises

thatitcansoftenafollowinginstruction.

33.这家咖啡馆让我想起了二十世纪五六十年代的茶馆。（remind）（汉译英）

34.最大挑战可能在于如何重塑员工对公司的信心。（lie）（汉译英）

35.这位教练既对孩子们要求严格，也不遗余力地呵护着他们对足球的热爱。（effort）（汉

译英）______

36.50年前，这里还是人迹罕至的海滩，与今天的游人如织迥然不同。（contrast）（汉译

英）______

37.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Mike的邮件。在邮件中，他提到

自己因为刚来上海读大学，生活（如饮食和同学交流）和学习（如中文授课）上都不太习惯。

回复一封邮件，内容须包括：

1）你的建议；

2）你的理由。

（1）

⑵

答案和解析

1.【答案】【小题1】took

【小题2】which/that

【小题3】sailing

【小题4]that

【小题5]isstillfelt

【小题6]as

【小题7]topick

【小题8】outof

【小题9]helped

【小题10]lessdamaging

【解析】(1)考查动词的时态。句意：旅游业从上个世纪中叶开始腾飞，此后一直在增长。根据

inthemiddleofthelastcenlury可知，本句的时态应该用一般过去时，所以谓语动词用过去式。故

填tooko

(2)考查定语从句。句意：特别是在过去的十年里，越来越多的人去了我们以前只在电视上读到

或看到的地方旅行。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是places指物，且从句中缺少

宾语，所以用关系代词which或that来引导。故填which/that。

(3)考直现在分词。句意：一艘大型游轮可以搭载多达6000名乘客，目前有超过50艘这样的船

在海上航行。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作后置定语，又因为sail和ships之间是主动

关系，所以用非谓语动词中的现在分词。故填sailing。

(4)考查同位语从句。句意：由于邮轮往往一遍又一遍地访问相同的地方，从而将废物集中在特

定的地方，这一事实使任何有害影响变得更加严重。分析句式结构再根据抽象名词fact可知，空

格后是同位语从句来解释说明fact的具体内容，且从句中不缺成分，所以用that来引导。故填that。

(5)考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尽管攀登喜马拉雅山的人远少于乘船游览的人，但人们仍能

感受到它们的影响。分析句意可知，主句谓语动词feel和主句主语impact之间是被动关系，且时

态为一般现在时，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态，主语抽象概念，所以be动词用is。故填

isstillfelto

(6)考查连词。句意：旅游业对尼泊尔的经济至关重要，就像它对许多非工业国家一样。分析句

意可知，此处用连词as表示"正如、像……一样”符合语境，引导引导方式状语从句。故填as。

（7）考查动词不定式。句意：在过去的几年里，当地和国际登山者组成的清理小组一直在组织徒

步旅行，只是为了收集垃圾。分析句意可知，此处用动词不定式表目的。故填topick。

（8）考查固定短语。句意：多年来，地中海沿岸的建设已经失去控制。分析句意可知，此处用固

定短语outofconlrol表示"失控"符合语境。故填outof。

（9）考查过去分词。句意：低成本航空旅行正在蓬勃发展，尽管有经济问题，或者可能受到经济

问题的帮助。help非谓语动词，分析句意再根据空格后表被动的by可知，此处用过去分词表被动。

故填helped,

（10）考查比较级。句意：那么，有没有不那么有害的看待世界的方式呢？分析句意可知，此处

应该用形容词的比较级形式表示“危害较小"，又因为damaging是多音节形容词，所以用less构成

比较级，lessdamaging作定语，修饰名词ways。故填lessdamaging.

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旅游业对地球环境的影响。

语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，

语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

2.【答案】【小题1】G

【小题2】E

【小题3】C

【小题4】K

【小题5】B

【小题6]I

【小题7】F

【小题8]J

【小题9】A

[小题10]D

【解析】（1）考查动词不定式。句意：长期以来，人类一直通过语言进行交流，并发明了更复杂

的工具，使我们的物种得以生存和发展。结合句意表示"生存”应用动词survive,此处为短语enable

sb.todosth.故填surviveo故选G。

（2）考查形容词。句意：我们的大脑与身体的比例甚至不是最大的一许多鸟类的大脑占其体重的

8%以上，而人类的这一比例仅为2.5%。结合句意表示"相对于"可知短语为relativeto。故填relative。

故选E。

（3）考查动词不定式。句意：然而，人类的大脑在完全发育时重约3磅，它赋予我们推理和思考

的能力，这是动物界其他动物所无法比拟的。结合句意表示"推理”可知应填动词reason,此处为

不定式作后置定语修饰名词ability。故填reason。故选C。

（4）考查可数名词的复数。句意：它给了我们爱因斯坦、莫扎特和许多其他天才的作品。作宾语，

表示"作品"，结合后文ofEinstein,Mozartandmanyothergeniuses可知应用复数名词works。故填

workso故选K„

（5）考查副词。句意：但我们可能永远无法确切地知道语言起源于何时何地。修饰动词know,

结合句意表示“确切地"应用副词precisely,故填precisely。故选B。

（6）考查可数名词的复数。句意：化石、DNA证据、与其他动物的比较以及对语言如何随时间

变化的研究都提供了线索，但口语本身几乎没有留下痕迹。作宾语，结合句意表示"痕迹"应用名

词trace,few修饰应用复数形式。故填traces。故选I。

（7）考查形容词。句意：黑猩猩用手势和声音来交流地位和其他复杂的社会信息。作定语，结合

句意表示“社会"应用