高考英语第二轮查漏补缺 （基础+提升）专题集训三十九 科普知识型阅读理解（含解析）

专题限时训练(三十九)[科普知识型阅读理解(二)](限时：25分钟)(一)TheforcesthatmakeJapanoneoftheworld'smostearthquake­prone(有地震倾向的)countriescouldbecomepartofitslong­termenergysolution.WaterfromdeepbelowthegroundatJapan'stensofthousandsofhotspringscouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.AlthoughJapanesehigh­techcompaniesareleadersingeothermal(地热的)technologyandexportit,itsuseislimitedinthenation.“Japanshouldnodoubtmakeuseofitsresourcesofgeothermalenergy，”saidYoshiyasuTakefuji,aleadingresearcherofthermal­electricpowerproduction.ThedisastrousearthquakeandtsunamionMarch11,2011causedareactionagainstatomicpower,whichpreviouslymadeup30percentofJapan'senergyneeds,andincreasedinterestinalternativeenergies,whichaccountforonly8percent.ArtistYokoOnohascalledonJapantoexploreitsnaturalenergy,followingtheexampleofIcelandwhichusesrenewableenergyformorethan80percentofitsneeds.Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan,whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.Thebiggestproblemtogeothermalenergyisthehighinitialcostoftheexplorationandconstructingthefactories.AnotherproblemisthatJapan'spotentiallybestsitesarealreadybeingdevelopedfortourismorarelocatedwithinnationalparkswhereconstructionisforbidden.“Wecan'tevendig10cminsidenationalparks，”saidShigetoYamadaofFujiElectric,addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid,“Producingelectricitybyusinghotspringsisadecades­longproject.Wealsohavetothinkaboutwhattodofornowasenergysupplieswilldeclineintheshortterm.”TheEarthPolicyInstituteinWashington,theUS,believedJapancouldproduce80，000megawatts(兆瓦)andmeetmorethanhalfitselectricityneedswithgeothermaltechnology.JapanesegiantssuchasToshibaarealreadygloballeadersingeothermaltechnology,witha70percentmarketshare.In2010,FujiElectricbuilttheworld'slargestgeothermalfactoryinNewZealand.1．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AlternativeenergiesinJapanB．Theworld'slargestgeothermalplantC．JapantakestheleadingeothermaltechnologyD．Japan2．WhatpercentageofJapan'senergyneedsisgeothermalenergy?A．About8%.B．Below1%.C．Around30%.D．Over80%.3．AccordingtoShigetoYamada,thegrowthofgeothermalpowerinJapanneeds________．A．achangeofrulesB．financialsupportC．localpeople'shelpD．hightechnology4．Geothermalenergyisconsideredasalong­termprogramby________．A．YoshiyasuTakefujiB．HideakiMatsuiC．ShigetoYamadaD．YokoOno5．Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat________．A．theworld'sbiggestgeothermalplantwasbuiltbyAmericaB．JapanwillnotexportitsgeothermaltechnologyC．thepotentialofJapan'sgeothermalenergyisgreatD．itishardtofindgeothermalenergyinJapan(二)Doctorssometimesprescribelighttherapytotreataformofdepressioninpeoplewhogettoolittlemorningsun.Buttoomuchlightatothertimemayactuallycausesuchmooddisorders.Long­lastingexposuretolightatnightbringsdepression,anewstudyfinds,atleastinanimals.Thenewdataconfirmobservationsfromstudiesofpeoplewhoworknightshifts,saysRichardStevensoftheUniversityofInthenewstudy,TracyBedrosianandRandyNelsonofOhioInasecondtest,micewereclockedonhowlongtheyactivelytriedtoescapeapoolofwater.Thoseexposedtonightlightsstoppedstrugglingandjustfloatedinthewater,asignof“behaviouraldespair”，10timesaslongasthemicethathadexperiencednormalnighttimedarkness.Allsymptomsofdepressiondisappearedwithintwoweeksofthemicereturningtoanormallight­darkcycle,theresearchersreport.Thescientistsalsocouldquashthebehaviouralsymptomsbyinjecting(注射)thebrainsofanimalswithadrugthatprohibitstheactivityofcertainmoleculeslinkedwithhumandepression.Thisfindingfurthersuggeststhatlightatnightmaycausesomethingrelatedtodepression.Humanstudieslinkingnighttimelightandmooddisordersareimportantbutcan'teasilydetectmolecularunderpinnings(分子结构)asanimalstudiescan，saysGeorgeBrainardofThomasJeffersonUniversity.Thenewwork,hesays,suggeststhatthechangeofthebiologicalclockbylightatnightcanbe“anextremelypowerfulforceinregulatingbiologyandbehaviour”．1．Afterbeingexposedtocontinuousnighttimelight，themice________．A．changedtheirpreferencesB．escapedfromthewatermoreeagerlyC．remainedactiveasbeforeD．showedlessinterestintheirfavourites2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“quash”inPara.4probablymean?A．Study.B．Predict.C．Ease.D．Cause.3．Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat________．A．lightatnightmayhavepracticalvalueB．thebiologicalclockisbeneficialtohumansC．humanmooddisorderscannotbehealedeasilyD．humanstudiesaremoreimportantthananimalstudies4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Nighttimelightmayfosterdepression.B．Adrughasbeenfoundtocuremooddisorders.C．Thestudyonanimalscanbeappliedtohumans.D．Humanbiologicalclockcanbecontrolledbylight.(三)HousedinMilan,oneofEurope'sdirtiestcities,LeonardodaVinci'smasterpieceTheLastSupperstillfacesathreatfromairpollution,researcherssay,despitepreventativemeasuresthathavesignificantlydecreasedpollutantsinthechurchwherethefamouspaintingisondisplay.In2009,Italianauthoritiesinstalledaheating,ventilation(通风)andair­conditioningsystemtoprotectthepaintingfromMilan'spollutedair.Toseewhetherthesystemcouldimproveairquality,ateamofresearchersledbyConstantinosSioutas,aprofessorofcivilandenvironmentalengineeringattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,placedtwoair­qualitymonitorsinsidethechurchforayeartocollectsamplesfromaroundpainting.ResultsshowedthelevelsoffineandcoarseAlthoughtheresearchersapplaudedthesuccessfuldecreaseinparticulatesarounddaVinci'spainting,theywarnedthatindoorsourcesofpollutionmaystillposeathreattothepricelesspainting.Fattylipids(油脂)fromtheskinofcustomersinthechurchappearedinsignificantquantitiesaroundthepainting,despitethefactthatvisitorsgettingaccesstotheartworkarestrictlyregulated.Onlyafewvisitorsareallowedinsidethechurchatatime,andtheyenterthebuildingandcanstayforonly15minuteseach.However,fattylipidsfromvisitors'skincancombinewithdustintheairandpollutethepaintingiftheycomeincontactwithit,saysstudyresearcherNancyDaheroftheUniversityofEvenpreviousrestorationsofthepaintingmaypolluteitssurface,Dahersaid.Tinyparticulatesofthewaxappliedduringearlyrepaireffortscanbeemittedfromthepainting,getintotheairandtarnish(使失去光泽)thepaintinginthesamemannerasthefattylipids.Theresearchersnotedthattheirair­sampleanalysiscouldbeusedasapointofreferenceforfuturestudiesaimedatprotectingvaluableartworkandartefacts.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“particulates”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Thesmallestpartsofachemicalsubstance.B．Thingsdirtierthanusual.C．Certaintypesofgas.D．Extremelysmallpiecesofdirt,whichcauseseriouspollution.2．Accordingtothetext,thefollowingfactorspollutethepaintingEXCEPT________．A．fattylipidsfromtheskinB．tinyparticlesofthewaxC．breathofthevisitorsD．dustintheair3．Accordingtotheresearchers,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheirair­sampleanalysis?A.Theair­sampleanalysiswasgotbygatheringairinthechurchforayear.B．Theair­sampleanalysisshowedthatthepaintingwascompletelyawayfromairpollution.C．Theair­sampleanalysiscanbehelpfulforfuturestudiesprotectingvaluableartwork.D．Theair­sampleanalysisshowedthattheparticulatesarounddaVinci'spaintingweredecreasedsuccessfully.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．HowtodecreaselevelsofparticulateseffectivelyB．Thefamouspainting—daVinci'sTheLastSupperC．KeepingairpollutionfromdamagingdaVinci'sTheLastSupperD．Howtoprotectartworkinhouseholds

专题限时训练(三十九)(一)【要点综述】文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能。因为日本是地震多发国家，国家地热能非常丰富，所以地热能将是日本的新型替代能源。1．D主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，围绕地热能的话题展开。故选D项。2．B细节理解题。从第七段“Fornow，geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan，whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.”可知，日本地热能不到1%，主要依赖于化石燃料和原子能。故选B项。3．A细节理解题。从倒数第四段“…addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.”可知，要开发地热能需要将现行的规章制度进行改变，故选A项。4．B细节理解题。从“ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid，‘Producingelectricitybyusinghotspringsisadecades­longproject…”可知，HideakiMatsui认为