美国种族大熔炉

What’sthedifferencebetween

“meltingpot”and“saladbowl”.2023/12/71Theconceptofthe“meltingpot”:The

meltingpot

isametaphorusedtodescribethefusion(融合)ofdifferentnationalities,ethnicitiesandcultures.Whichwasequatedwith"Americanization“.maybeItwastheidealizedprocessof

immigration

and

colonization

anditwasconnectedto

utopian(乌托邦)

visionsoftheemergenceofanAmerican"newman".熔炉指不同文化与种族的人移居到美国，融合到一起，创造了现在多元的美国文化。.2023/12/72Theoriginofthe“meltingpot”:

aJewfromEnglandnamedIsraelZangwillpennedaplayentitled"TheMeltingPot”,whichwasopenedinWashingtonIn1908.afterthatThemelting-togethermetaphorcameintogeneralusage.however,SomeoldstockAmericansbelievedthatimmigrantscouldneverbeassimilated.Therecanbelittledoubtthatraceprejudiceisthegreatestsinglebarriertoassimilation(同化).名称主要来自于1908年上演的同名剧。

大部分人认为种族偏见是文化融合的最大障碍。.2023/12/73Americanhasbecomethethird-mostpopulouscountry,whilethenativepopulationisdecreasedasopposedtotheimmigrations.AlthoughthewhiteisstillthelargestconstituteofAmericans,50.4%ofAmericanchildrenundertheageof1belongedtominoritygroups(2012).Racemelting.2023/12/74ObamaAmerican&KenyaKungfupandaMixed-bloodsCulturemeltingChinatownRacemelting.2023/12/752023/12/76Inthesaladbowlmodel,variousAmericanculturesarejuxtaposed(并列)—likesaladingredients.ThisideaproposesasocietyofmanyindividualculturesinadditiontothemixedculturethatismodernAmericanculture,andthetermhasbecomemore

politicallycorrect(政治正确)

than

meltingpot.Theconceptofthe“saladbowl”:美国不同移民就像沙拉一样，虽然都在一个盘子里，却彼此独立。.2023/12/77Xenophobia(排外心理)：ChineseExclusionAct(UnitedStates)（1880-1943）——ItwasoneofthemostsignificantrestrictionsonfreeimmigrationinUShistory,prohibitingallimmigrationofChineselaborers.KuKluxKlan：1stKlan（1865—1870s）2stKlan（1915—1944）3stKlan（since1946）——theyadvocatedextremist

reactionary

currentssuchas

whitesupremacy,

whitenationalism,and

anti-immigration,historicallyexpressedthrough

terrorism..2023/12/78CulturalmosaicandKaleidoscope——isthemixof

ethnicgroups,

languages