2022-2023学年广东省广州执信中学高一线上期末阶段调研英语试题（解析版）

2022-2023学年度第一学期

高一年级英语科线上阶段调研试卷

本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共13页，满分为150分。考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：1、答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和学号填写在答题

卡和答卷密封线内相应的位置上，用2B铅笔将自己的学号填涂在答题卡上。

2、选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动,

用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；不能答在试卷上。

3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答卷纸上作答，答案必须写在答卷纸各题目指

定区域内的相应位置上，超出指定区域的答案无效；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写

上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

第一部分选择题（共85分）

一、听力（共2节，满分15分）

第一节听力理解（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）

请听下面4段材料，每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳

选项，每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第1段材料，回答第1至2题。

1.Whenisthewomanavailableforvacation?

A.InAugust.B.InSeptember.C.InOctober.

2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Couple.B.Colleagues.C.Strangers.

听第2段材料，回答第3至4题。

3.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?

A.Havesomefood.B.ShowhisID.C.Lookfbrhisboardingpass.

4.Whatisthewomanprobably?

A.Awaitress.B.Aflightattendant.C.Anairportstaffmember.

听第3段材料，回答第5至7题。

5.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inthemorning.B.Aroundnoon.C.Intheevening.

6.Whatisthepurposeofthewoman'scall?

A.Toinvitethemanandhiswifetodinner.

B.Tochangeanappointment.

C.Toinvitethemantovisittheirfriends.

7.WhatwillthemandonextSaturday?

A.GoonbusinessinScotland.

B.Gotothewoman'shouse.

C.Attendaweddingparty.

听第4段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?

A.Howtosavemoney.

B.Howtospendmoney.

C.Howtobeagoodhousewife.

9.Wheredoesthewomanlikeshopping?

A.Insupermarkets.B.Indepartmentstores.C.Inoutdoormarkets.

10.Whatdoesthewomanstronglyrecommend?

A.Fixingthingsbyourselves.

B.Hiringsomeonetorepairthings.

C.Askingfriendstohelpwiththerepairs.

第二节获取信息（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）

听下面1段独白。请根据题目要求，从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息，每空不超过三个词。

录音播放两遍。（请将本节答案写在答卷11-15的空格中）

DurhamUniversity

BasicArea:11.________acres

informationSchools:12._______,SocialScience,LawandMedicine

Content:Amixtureofformal13.________andatleasttwo14.________of

Coursestwoorthreestudentsperterm

Requirement:Alongessayofatleastsixthousandwords

OpendaysFor15._______whowanttotakeacourse

二、单项选择(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)

1.Thesewildflowersgiveanicesmell.

A.inB.upC.awayD.off

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些野花散发出好闻的香味。A.(give)in投降；B.(give)up放弃；C.

(give)away赠送；D.(give)off发出，散发(气味，光)。分析句子可知，空处表示“发出(气味)”。故选

D项。

2.ItwasnotuntilwestartedourmeetingMr.Whiteandmadeaspeech.

A.that;turnedupB.when;turnedup

C.that;turneddownD.when;turneddown

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查强调句和动词短语词义辨析。句意：直到我们开始开会，怀特先生才出现并发表了讲话。第

一个空是强调句型itwasnotuntil...that,强调了notuntil状语从句，第二个空是谓语动词，turnup是出

现，turndown是拒绝，怀特先生出现后做演讲，故选A。

3.ThetelecomindustryinAustraliaisverysmalltherestoftheworld.

A.bycomparisonB.comparingto

C.incomparisonwithD.beingcompared

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：澳大利亚电信业与世界其他地区电信业相比规模很小。A.by

comparison相比较，直接作状语，如果接宾语，应加介词with；B.comparingto无此表达，常用compared

to为过去分词；C.incomparisonwith与...比较起来；D.beingcompared被比较，后接宾语时，应用加介

词wilh或to。根据句意可知，incomparisonwilh符合题意，作状语。故选C。

4.Theamusementpark,whichadultsandchildrenalike,atpresentandwillbeopennextyear.

A.intendsfor;willbebuiltB.isintendedfor;willbebuilt

C.intendsfor;isbeingbuiltD.isintendedfor;isbeingbuilt

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这个为成人和孩子准备的娱乐公园，目前正在建设中，明年将会开放。

A.intendsfor;willbebuilt为...打算，将被修建；B.isintendedfor;willbebuilt打算为....所用，将被修

建；C.intendsfor;isbeingbuilt为...打算,正在被修建;D.isintendedfor;isbeingbuilt打算为....所用,

正在被修建。由“whichadultsandchildrenalike,,可知，定语从句缺少谓语动词，先行词是“The

amusementpark,公园是被打算用于成人和孩子的，故用“isintendedfor”,由“atpresent”可知，主

句用现在进行时，主语“Theamusementpark”和build是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态isbeing

builto故选D项。

5.Thenumberofpeoplewhocarsinthepast20years.

A.own;increasedB.owns;haveincreased

C.own;hasincreasedD.owns;hasbeenincreasing

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查主谓一致及时态。句意：在过去的20年里，拥有汽车的人数增加了。第一空是定语从句的

谓语动词，从句主语who指代people,谓语动词应用复数形式；第二空是主句的谓语动词，主语是ihe

numberofpeople,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，由inthepast20years可知，应用现在完成时，助动词

使用haso故选Co

6.ifyoucouldhelpmeovercomethedifficultyIhaveEnglish.

A.Iwouldbeappreciated;tolearnB.Iwouldappreciateit;tolearn

C.Iwouldbeappreciated;learningD.Iwouldappreciateit;learning

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】考查固定句式和动名词。句意：如果你能帮助我克服学习英语的困难，我将不胜感激。Iwould

appreciateitif...为固定句式。havedifficulty(in)doingsth为固定短语。故选D项。

7.Thereisanincreaseddemandthatmoreorganicfoodtoimprovethequalityoflife.

A.produceB.beproducedC.toproduceD.beingproduced

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：人们越来越需要生产更多的有机食品来提高生活质量。Thereis

anincreaseddemandthat为同位语从句，从句用虚拟语气，应该用(should)+动词原形，主语moreorganic

food与谓语produce为被动关系，用被动语态。故选B项。

8.Thetempleisoneoftheattractionsthat.

A.isworthytobevisitedB.isworthtobevisited

C.areworthytobevisitedD.areworthtobevisited

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查定语从句主谓一致。句意：这个寺庙是值得参观的景点之一。“值得做某事”表示为be

worthdoingsth或者beworthytodosth,故B和D两个选项错误，beworthytobedone表示"某事值得被

做”。根据句意可知，that引导定语从句，在定语从句中，oneof后面的先行词是名词复数，谓语动词则

用复数形式。wtheattractionsw,是名词复数,故be动词用are。故选C项。

9.Onlywhenthedoorofthehousethathehadleftthekeyintheoffice.

A.didhearriveat;didherealizeB.hearrivedat;didherealize

C.didhearriveat;herealizedD.hearrivedat;herealized

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】考查部分倒装结构。句意：他走到门口才意识到他把钥匙忘在办公室了。第一空是when引导的

时间状语从句，句子应用陈述语序；第二空是主句部分，当。nly修饰的状语从句位于句首时，后面的主句

使用部分倒装结构。故选B。

10.Seniorfamilymembers,especiallyparents,shouldcreateanatmospherechildrencanbeencouraged

topourouttheirhearthappily.

A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which

【答案】B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：家庭长辈，尤其是父母，应该营造一种氛围，鼓励孩子们快乐地倾诉心

声。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere,且关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用

where引导。故选B项。

11.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlifehasdeveloped

gradually.

A.thatB.where

C.whichD.whose

【答案】B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：StephenHawking认为地球不可能是生命逐渐发展的唯一星球。分析句子可

知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是theonlyplanet,定语从句缺少地点状语，用where引导定语从句，故

选B«

12.WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakeswecanlearnwithout

repeatingthem.

A.fromwhichB.inwhichC.withwhomD.forwhom

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：威廉•哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习

避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，pastmistakes为现行词，wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.为定语从

句，从句中谓语动词canlearn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learnfrom“从……中学习”，可知应用

fromwhich引导定语从句。故选A。

13.Theresultisnotthesametheyhadexpected,wasratherdisappointing.

A.what,asB.as,thatC.that,whichD.as,which

【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：结果和他们预期的不一样，这是相当令人失望的。分析句子可知，

"_.theyhadexpected”为限制性定语从句,先行词为"thesame”,当先行词是thesame或者先行词被

thesame,asmuch/many修饰时，关系代词应用as。”_wasratherdisappointing.”是非限制性定语从句，结合句

意，指代前面整个句子，从句中作主语，应用which引导非限制性定语从句。综上，故选D项。

14.iswidelyaccepted,intheMiddleEastArabsgreeteachotherbytouchingnoses,butthisisnota

politewayofgreetinginothercultures.

A.AsB.ItC.WhichD.What

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：在中东，阿拉伯人通过互摸鼻子来打招呼，这在其他文

化中是不礼貌的。分析可知，iswidelyaccepted在句中为定语从句，从句缺少主语，指代整个句

子“intheMiddleEastArabsgreeteachotherbytouchingnoses'),结合选项,as和which都可以指代整个句

子，在引导非限制性定语从句时，which引导的非限制性定语从句置于主句之后，as引导的从句则可以置

于句首。故选A。

15.ItwasintherestaurantwehaddinnerlastSundayyouleftyourwallet.

A.where;whereB.that;that

C.where;thatD.that;where

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：你一定是把钱包落在了我们上周日吃晚餐的那家餐馆。根据句意

可知，"wehaddinnerlastSunday^是定语从句，修饰先行词"therestaurant”定语从句缺地点状

语，故用where引导；第二空与前面“Itwas”构成强调句型，即itis/was+被强调的部分+that+其他，其中

“itis/was”和“that”不做任何成分，只是强调句的形式标志，去掉之后，句意完整，不缺成分。故第二

空填that。故选C项。

三、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

A

WeallknowAlbertEinsteinwasprobablythemostintelligentmanthateverlived,andthathiscontributions

tosciencewerethegreatest,butstill,thereareafewthingsyoumaynotknowaboutthegreatscientist.

EinsteinSyndrome

Einsteinwassupposedtotalklate——hetoldhisbiographer（传i己作者）hedidn'tstartspeakinguntilatleast

threeyearsold.StanfordeconomistDr.ThomasSowelleveninventedtheterm"EinsteinSyndrome"todescribe

extremelybrightchildrenwhosespeechisdelayed.

ASimpleCompass

WhenAlbertEinsteinwasfiveyearsoldandsickinbed,hisfathershowedhimasimplepocketcompass.

Einsteinwasattracted.Whatforcemadethelittleneedlepointinasingledirection?Thisquestionstayedwith

Einsteinformanyyearsandhasbeenconsideredasthebeginningofhisinterestinscience.

EinsteinandtheViolin

Einstein'smother,Pauline,wasanexcellentpianistandwantedhersontolovemusictoo,soshestartedhim

onviolinlessonswhenhewassixyearsold.Unfortunately,atfirst,Einsteinhatedplayingtheviolin.Hewould

muchratherbuildhousesofcards,whichhewasreallygoodat.WhenEinsteinwas13yearsold,hesuddenly

changedhismindabouttheviolinwhenheheardthemusicofMozart.Withanewpassionforplaying,Einstein

continuedtoplaytheviolinuntilthelastfewyearsofhislifeandEinsteinwouldusetheviolintorelaxwhenhe

becamestuckinhisthinkingprocess.

DesignedaRefrigerator

Twenty-oneyearsafterwritinghisSpecialTheoryofRelativity,AlbertEinsteininventedarefrigeratorthat

operatedonalcoholgas.Therefrigeratorwaspatented（获得专利）in1926butneverwentintoproduction

becausenewtechnologymadeitunnecessary.Einsteininventedtherefrigeratorbecausehereadaboutafamily

poisonedbyasulphurdioxide-emitting（排放二氧化硫的）refrigerator.

16.Whatistheterm“EinsteinSyndromeninParagraph2usedtodescribe?

A.Somepeoplewhochangetheirmindaboutlearningmusic.

B.Somechildrenwhocan'tspeakuntiltheyarethreeyearsold

C.Somesmartchildrenwhobegintospeaklaterthannormalchildren

D.Somepeoplewhoarecrazyaboutthepocketcompassanditsneedle.

17.WhatdidEinsteinthinkofplayingtheviolinbeforehewas13?

A.Boring.B.Interesting.C.Frightening.D.Hateful.

18.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutEinsteinaccordingtothepassage?

A.Einsteinbenefitedalotfromplayingtheviolin.

B.Einsteininventedtherefrigeratoroutofcuriosity.

C.Einsteinreceivedacompassasagiftforhisfifthbirthday.

D.Einsteinsufferedfromaspecialillnesswhenhewasachild.

【答案】16.C17.D18.A

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一些关于爱因斯坦这位伟大的科学家鲜为人知的事情。

【16题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段aStanfordeconomistDr.ThomasSowelleveninventedtheterm"Einstein

Syndrome'*todescribeextremelybrightchildrenwhosespeechisdelayed.（斯坦福大学经济学家托马斯•索韦

尔博士甚至发明了“爱因斯坦综合症”这个术语来描述那些说话迟缓的极其聪明的孩子。）”可知，“爱

因斯坦综合症”是用来描述聪明但比正常孩子说话晚的孩子。故选C项。

【17题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Unfortunately,atfirst,Einsteinhatedplayingtheviolin.Hewouldmuchrather

buildhousesofcards,whichhewasreallygoodat.WhenEinsteinwas13yearsold,hesuddenlychangedhismind

abouttheviolinwhenheheardthemusicofMozart.（不幸的是，起初爱因斯坦讨厌拉小提琴。他更愿意用纸

牌搭房子，这是他很擅长的。当爱因斯坦13岁的时候，当他听到莫扎特的音乐时，他突然改变了对小提

琴的想法。）”可知，13岁以前爱因斯坦讨厌小提琴。故选D项。

【18题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第四段"Withanewpassionforplaying,Einsteincontinuedtoplaytheviolinuntilthe

lastfewyearsofhislifeandEinsteinwouldusetheviolintorelaxwhenhebecamestuckinhisthinkingprocess.

（带着对演奏的新热情，爱因斯坦继续拉小提琴，直到他生命的最后几年，当他陷入思考过程时，爱因斯

坦会用小提琴来放松。）”可推断，爱因斯坦从拉小提琴中受益匪浅。故选A项。

B

Ifsfall,andthatmeanssometreesarelosingtheirleaves.Manypeoplemightseecleaningupallthatyard

wasteastiring.ButBryantLiu,13,lookedathisleaf-blanketedlawnandsawapotentialsourceofenergy.

Rightnow,mostpeoplefueltheircarswithpetrolmadefromfossilfuels（化石燃$4）,whicharenot

renewable.Soscientistsaremakingbiofuels.Forexample,engineerscanproducebioethanol-atypeofalcohol

fuel-fromsugarsinplants.Turningtodeadleaves,however,presentsachallengeforbiofueldevelopers.Dead

leaveshavesugar,buttheyalsohavelotsoflignin-atoughsubstance（物质）thatstrengthensthewallsofplant

cells.Togettothesugarsinside,scientistsfirsthavetobreakdowntheligninwithchemicals.

Bryantwantedtoseeifhecouldgetsugarforbiofuelsoutofdeadleavesbypretreatingthoseleaveswith

acidsorbases（碱）.Theyoungresearchergatheredupthreegarbagebagsfullofleavesfromhisyard.Thenhewent

tohisfather^laboratory.Hebrokethedeadleavesintopieces,andthencarefullyloadedequalnumbersofthem

intotesttubes.Afterwards,headdedeitheranacidsolutionorabasesolutionatdifferentconcentrationstothetest

tubes."Thatwasreally^un,^^Bryantsays."Itmademefeellikearealscientist.^^Finally,theteenfoundthat

pretreatingleaveswitheitheranacidorbaseencouragedsugartogetoutfromhisyard'sleaves.However,he

explains,theprocessisstilltooexpensive.

Bryantnowwantstotakethesugarsfromhisfindingtothenextstep-makingethanol.Ifhecouldcreatea

bettermethodforproducingbiofuels,heexplains,peoplewouldneedfewerfossilfuelsand“havearenewable

energysourceforthefuture."And,Bryantadds,ifpeopleuseallthosedeadleavesforbiofuels,heandotherkids

mayhavetodolesscleaningeachfall.

19.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?

A.ReflectonBryant'sexperiences.

B.Useexamplestosupportthetopic.

C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.

D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.

20.WhatisthepurposeofBryant'sexperiment?

A.Totestthetoughnessofthelignin.

B.Tofindthedifferencesbetweenacidsandbases.

C.Toidentifythefunctionsoftheelementsofleaves.

D.Togetsugarfromdeadleavesusingacidsandbases.

21.WhatisBryant'snextstep?

A.Toproducebiofuelsfromdeadleaves.

B.Topromotetheuseofbiofuelsworldwide.

C.Tomakehispretreatingprocesslesscostly.

D.Toencourageotherkidstocollectdeadleaves.

22.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBryant?

A.Heiscaring.

B.Heisdemanding.

C.Hehasagoodsenseofhumor.

D.Hehasaspiritofexploration.

【答案】19.C20.D21.A22.D

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述的是Bryant通过实验，将枯叶用酸和碱处理提取糖，并计划下一

步将它们制成生物燃料。

【19题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段"It'sfall,andthatmeanssometreesarelosingtheirleaves.Manypeoplemightsee

cleaningupallthatyardwasteastiring.ButBryantLiu,13,lookedathisleaf-blanketedlawnandsawapotential

sourceofenergy."（秋天来了，这就意味着一些树开始掉叶子。很多人认为打扫院子里的落叶很烦人。但

13岁的BryantLiu看着铺满树叶的草坪，看见了一个潜在的能量来源。）和第二段的“Rightnow,most

peoplefueltheircarswithpetrolmadefromfossilfuels（化石燃料），whicharenotrenewable."（现在大多数人

用不可再生的化石燃料制成的汽油为汽车提供燃料，所以科学家们正在制造生物燃料。）可推知，作者写

第一自然段是为了增加一些背景信息，表明在这样的背景情况下，Bryant想要研发生物燃料。故选C。

【20题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段的“Bryantwantedtoseeifhecouldgetsugarforbiofuelsoutofdeadleavesby

pretrealingthoseleaveswithacidsorbases（碱）（Bryant想看看那些枯叶用酸和碱处理后能不能提取糖制成

生物燃料）可知，Bryant实验的目的是用酸和碱从枯叶中提取糖。故选D。

[21题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段的“Bryantnowwantstotakethesugarsfromhisfindingtothenextstep-making

ethanol."（Bryant现在想把他研究成果的糖带到下一步——制造乙醇）可知，Bryant的下一步是用枯叶生

产生物燃料。故选A。

【22题详解】

推理判断题。结合文章的主要内容，尤其第三段的“Bryantwantedtoseeifhecouldgetsugarforbiofuelsout

ofdeadleavesbypretreatingthoseleaveswithacidsorbases（碱）.”（Bryant想看看能否通过用酸或碱预处理

枯叶，从这些枯叶中提取出用于生物燃料的糖）和第四段的“Bryantnowwantstotakethesugarsfromhis

findingtodienextstep-makingethanol.v（Bryant现在想把他研究成果的糖带到下一步---制造乙醇）可

知，本文主要讲述的是Bryant通过实验，将枯叶用酸和碱处理提取糖，并计划下一步将它们制成生物燃

料。由此可推知Bryant具有探索精神。故选D。

C

Dogsareourbestfriends.That'sespeciallytrueafteradisaster,suchasanearthquake.Whenbuildingsfall

down,searchandrescuedogshelpfindtrappedpeople.Dogs'amazingnosescanpickupthesmellofsurvivors.

Nowscientistshavedevelopedanelectronictoolthatdoesthesamething.It'stakingsmelldetection（探测）toa

wholenewlevel.

Thenewinventionisasortofelectronicnose,whichcandetectextremelylowlevelsofmanycompounds（化

合物）frompeople'sskin.Thisisn'tthefirsttimeengineershavedevelopedsuchanobject.Earliermodels,

however,havebeenbulkyandexpensive.Theycouldnotdetectlowlevelsoftargetcompoundseither.Thenew

oneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofitinsidehand-heldequipment.

Theelectronicnosecandetectextremelyslightsmellofmorethanonecompoundatthesametime."Being

abletodothis,insuchasmallobject,isthesignificantdiscovery,MsaysSotirisE.Pratsinis,ProfessorofProcess

Engineering&MaterialsScienceattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinZurich.Histeamtesteditin

specialspaces.Theywerelikethesmallspaceswherepeoplemightbetrapped.Chemicalsgivenoffbythe

volunteersbuiltupinside.Theelectronicequipmentdetectedthosecompoundsatunbelievablylowlevels.

Theresultsweregoodnewsfortheresearchteam.Buttheymaybenotforourfbur-leggedfriends,whocould

soonbeoutofajob."Ideally,thistechnologycouldreplacesearchandrescuedogs,"Pratsinissays.

StephenTaylor,anelectricalengineer,agreesthatthenewtechnologyhassomebenefitsoverdogs.Still,he

thinksitmaybetoosoontohaveourtrustyfriendsretire.Hesuspects,UIforeseethatsuchanobjectcouldaddto

thefineworkdonebythedogs."Tayloralsopointedoutsomepotentiallimitationsofthenewinvention.nE-noses

areuseful,butcanbeverylikelytobeaffectedbyunstablereadingsandinterruption,"hesays.

23.Whydoestheauthortalk,aboutdogsatthebeginning?

A.Tocatchthereaders9attention.

B.Tointroducethetopicaboute-noses.

C.Toshowwhatsearchandrescuedogsdo.

D.Toaddbackgroundinformationfordiscussion.

24.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"bulky"underlinedinparagraph2?

A.ComplexB.Fragile

C.HandyD.Large

25.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Whate-noses,workingprincipleis.

B.Howe-nosesaremade.

C.Whatdifferencesbetweendogsande-nosesare.

D.Howpowerfule-nosesare.

26.WhatdoesStephenTaylormean?

A.Dogsande-nosescouldworktogether.

B.Searchandrescuedogswillretiresoon.

C.E-nosesaremorereliablethannosesofdogs.

D.Dogsarebetteratfindingouttrappedpeople.

【答案】23.B24.D25.D26.A

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇应用文，介绍了一种可以用于探测的电子鼻。

【23题详解】

推理判断题。第一段中，作者先介绍了狗的鼻子有很多用途，然后介绍科学家现在发明了可以做同样事情的

电子鼻，可以推断先提及狗的原因是为了引出电子鼻的话题，故选B项。

【24题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Earliermodels,however,havebeenbulkyandexpensive.Earliermodels,however,

havebeenbulkyandexpensive.Thenewoneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofitinsidehand-heldequipment.“可

知早期的电子鼻比较昂贵且“bulky”,新型的电子鼻则体积小巧，可放入手持设备内，新旧形成对比，由此猜

测bulky是“庞大”的意思”，选D项。A项complex意为“复杂的“，B项fragile“易碎的"，C项handy“方

便的”。

【25题详解】

主旨大意题。第三段主要介绍了电子鼻可以同时检测到多种化合物的极轻微气味，故选D项Howpowerful

e-nosesare.（电子鼻有多厉害）。

【26题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段foreseethatsuchanobjectcouldaddtothefineworkdonebythedogs."“可知

StephenTaylor”预测电子鼻可以配合狗进行工作，故选A项。根据下一句"Tayloralsopointedoutsomepotential

limitationsofthenewinvention...hesays."可知StephenTaylor认为电子鼻虽然很有用，但是有潜在的局限性，

所以排除C项。StephenTaylor所说的话没有涉及到B、D两个选项的内容，所以排除。

D

IntheancientwalledcityofSana'a,mudskyscrapersrisehighintothesky.Thetoweringstructuresarebuilt

entirelyoutofearthanddecoratedwithstrikinggeometricpatterns.Thelocalmudarchitectureissouniquethatthe

cityhasbeenrecognisedasaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite.

“Asanoutstandingexampleofarchitecturereflectingthespatialcharacteristicsoftheearlyyearsthecityin

itslandscapehasanextraordinaryartisticandpictorialquality,UNESCOwritesinitsdescriptionofSana'a."The

buildingsalsodemonstrateexceptionalcraftsmanshipintheuseoflocalmaterialsandtechniques.^^

EventhoughthebuildingsinSana'aarethousandsofyearsold,theyremain"terriblycontemporary”,saysSalma

SamarDamliyi,co-founderoftheMudBrickArchitectureFoundation.Theancientstructuresarestillinhabitedtoday

andmostremainprivateresidences.Damliyisaysitiseasytoseewhythesemudbuildingshavenotlosttheirappeal

-theyarewell-insulated（绝缘的），sustainableandextremelyadaptablefbrmodernuse."Itisthearchitectureof

thefuture,“saysDamliyi.

Architectsaroundtheworldarereviving（复兴）raw-earthconstructionastheyseektoconstructsustainable

buildingsthatcanresistextremeweathereventssuchasflashfloodsandintenseheat.Couldthisancientformof

architectureinfluencethedesignofourfuturehomes?

Theconstructionindustryaccountsfor38%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.Thebuildingsectorhasan

importantroletoplayiftheworldistomeetthegoalofreachingnetzeroby2050.Concrete,acommonmodem

constructionmaterial,hasahugecarbonfootprint.Replacingconcretewithlesspollutingmaterialsiscriticalto

achievingourclimategoals,scientistswarn.

Theancientmaterialmud,couldbetheperfectsustainablealternativetoconcrete,accordingtoDamliyi.

Constructingwithmudhasaverylowimpactontheenvironmentandthematerialitselfisfullyrecyclable,shesays.

“Ifyouwanttopulldownawallorchangethedesign,youcanrecycleallthematerials.^^Anaddedbonusisthatmud

buildingsarewarminthewinterandcoolinthesummer.Thisreducestheneedforairconditioningunits,which

consumelargeamountsofelectricityandcontainrefrigerantsthatcomprisegreenhousegasemissions.Mudstructures

arealsoincrediblystrongandresistanttoextremeweather,suchasheatwaves,floodsanddroughts,whichscientists

saywillbecomemorefrequentandintenseastemperaturescontinuetorise.

Thereforepeoplewhowishtoliveinamodem,comfortablehomeshouldconsideronemadeofmud.Overall,

itmakesforhighlyadvancedaswellassustainabledesign.

27.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,buildingsinSana'aare"unique“because.

A.theyaretallandtowerovertheentirecity

B.theirgeometricpatternscreateartisticfeelings

C.theyarebeautifullycraftedwithlocalresources

D.theirfascinatinghistoryhasattractedmanytourists

28.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmudmaterialsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theycanreducethechanceofextremeweatherevents.

B.Theycanbeidealforsustainablefutureconstruction.

C.Theymightproducelotsofgreenhousegasemissions.

D.Theymightcausesubstantialtemperaturechanges.

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.mudmightbeanimportantsolutiontotheclimatecrisis

B.themudbuildingsinSana'aarenolongersuitabletolive

C.rebuildingmudconstructionwouldtakegreatefforts

D.mudbecomesthefavouritematerialofarchitects

30.Whatdoyouthinkmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TheHistoricCitiesthatMarkHumanCivilization

B.TheConstructionIndustrythatThreatensClimateGoals

C.TheModemArchitecturethatSurvivesExtremeWeather

D.TheAncientMaterialthatMakesforFutureHouseDesigns

【答案】27.C28.B29.A30.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文以Sana'a具有特色的泥质城堡引入，主要介绍了泥浆这种古老的材料可作

为完美的可持续的建筑材料。

【27题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段的"Thetoweringstructuresarebuiltentirelyoutofearthanddecoratedwithstaking

geometricpatlerns.Thelocalmudarchitectureiss