适用于老高考旧教材广西专版2023届高考英语二轮总复习第三部分完形填空专题二说明文课件

第三部分专题二说明文英语内容索引基础自诊•夯基固本高频考点•探究突破新题演练•能力迁移基础自诊•夯基固本Ⅰ.词汇复习19(根据汉语提示填入以p开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以p开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景】Afterthenewleadersofourcitycameinto1.________(权力),theyhavemadeaseriesofprecious

policies,suchas2._____________(提供)enoughprofessional

positionstodecreasethe3._____________

(压力)ofgettingajob,protectingtheenvironmenttopreventitfrombeingpolluted,preserving

4._________(个人的)possessions,cancellingallkindsofprivileges,ensuringpensionsinparticularandsoon.Ourleadersprefertoemphasizethepretty

proceduresandresultsratherthansomeunrealphenomena.powerprovidingpressurepersonalWeordinarypeopleshouldtakepainsto5.________________(参加)inalltheprograms

positively.Atpresent,allthepoliciesareinprogressandourcitywillhaveapromisingfuture,whichwewillbe6.___________(骄傲)of.

participate

proudⅡ.高考范文必背请阅读下面有关中国题材纪录片(documentary)的对话,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。SuHua:Hi,LiJiang!DidyouseethedocumentaryonCCTV9lastweek?LiJiang:YoumeanDu

Fu:China’s

Greatest

Poet?Yes,Idid.Fantastic!SuHua:JustthinkanEnglishactorrecitesChinesepoems.LiJiang:Idon’treallyunderstandeverylineherecites,butIbelievehetrulylovesthepoemshimself.SuHua:Right.ItisreportedthatthefilmiswellreceivedoutsideChina.LiJiang:Yeah.It’smyfirsttimetohearChinesestoriestoldbyanEnglishspeaker.SuHua:Infact,documentariesaboutourcountryareplentifulbothathomeandabroad.Thesefilmscanhelpforeignfriendsbetterunderstandthisland—Chineseliterature,geography,history,food...LiJiang:Icouldn’tagreemore.【写作内容】1.用约30个词概括上述对话的主要内容;2.谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因(至少两点)。【写作要求】1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;3.不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。[范文]CCTV9broadcastadocumentaryDu

Fu:China’s

Greatest

Poet.Thiswell-madefilmprovidesforeignaudienceswithafreshwayofbetterknowingChina’spastandpresent.DocumentariesaboutChina,producedeitherinChinaorinothercountries,arebecomingincreasinglypopularamongforeigners.Foronething,theoveralldevelopmentoverthepastdecadeshasbeensostrikingthattheyfeeleagertofamiliarizethemselveswithwhatisgoingoninChina.Foranother,Chinaenjoysalonghistoryandrichculture.IthasalwaysbeenanattractionforthosewhoarekeenonanythingthatisChinese.ThesedocumentariespresentasplendidpictureofChinainfrontoftheiraudiences—itshistory,landscape,art,food,oreventraditionalChinesemedicine.Becauseofthesefilms,someforeignershavebeguntothinkofcomingtoChina.Inthisway,theycanformatruepictureofChinathemselves.高频考点•探究突破说明文一般采用简练的语言,按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍(传记)、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法(步骤)介绍、产品说明、实验报告、读书报告、新闻报道等。一、文体特点1.开头点题。说明文类完形填空中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象,这是掌握说明细节的前提。2.结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。其中包括:时间顺序(指先后顺序)、空间顺序(从局部到整体,从上到下,从内到外)、逻辑顺序(先因后果,先果后因,先主后次)、认识顺序(由此及彼,由浅入深,由具体到抽象,由现象到本质)等。理清文章的说明顺序,对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系,选择正确答案具有重要意义。3.语言简练。说明文的主要目的是帮助读者认清事物,明白事理,故其语言通常较为浅显、通俗,比较易于读者理解。其内容也很客观真实,它的用词总是贴近事物的本来面目,不会使用华丽的辞藻和夸张的写作手法,一般也不加描述和议论。4.多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释,而这种客观介绍与解释一般是不随时间变化而变化的。二、解题方法1.确认说明对象,了解文章大意。文章的首句一般就明确了说明对象。对文章先要进行粗读或略读,以对文章的大意有一个大体的了解。例Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis

1

tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive—ifheorsheis

2

healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce

3

.Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand

4

die.

...分析:在文章的开头,作者就提出了文章需要探讨的话题:人的寿命能有多长?在此基础上,考生再对文章进行略读即可把握文章主题。2.用好语篇标志,理顺行文逻辑。说明文的首段往往是文章的主题段,每段的首句也是主题句,一定要把握好主题段和主题句,这是做好这类完形填空的前提。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语,这些词语被称为“语篇标志语”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally等;表示因果关系的thus,therefore,so等;表示递进关系的also,besides,what’smore,further等;表示时间关系的before,sofar,yet,meanwhile,later等;表示转折关系的but,while,ontheotherhand等。做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以迅速理清文章的脉络,弄清上下文的关系。例...NorthernEuropeansusuallydonotlikehaving(bodily)contact(接触)evenwithfriends,andcertainlynotwith(strangers).PeoplefromLatinAmericancountries,(ontheotherhand),toucheachotherquitealot.Therefore,it’spossiblethatin

,itmaylooklikeaLatinois

aNorwegianallovertheroom.TheLatino,tryingtoexpressfriendship,willkeepmoving

.TheNorwegian,veryprobablyseeingthisaspushiness,willkeep

—whichtheLatinowillinreturnregardas

.

分析:从第一句中,我们可以看出北欧人不喜欢与人(尤其是陌生人)有身体上的接触。下一句话的信息告诉我们,在拉丁美洲人与人的接触却比较多。接下来,作者用到了语篇标志词Therefore,由此可以推知这两种不同文化碰撞的结果,即一个拉丁美洲人在谈话中跟着一个挪威人在屋里到处走。3.细读行文内容,理清事实细节。在阅读这类文章时,我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾,从主题句着手,找出支持句,然后寻找文章的结论。这时,我们还要特别注意,不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑,我们在理解细节的基础上,还要斟酌文字的内涵,从而对文章进行深层次的理解。例

Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!Itspeaks

thanwords.Accordingtospecialists,ourbodiessendoutmore

thanwerealize.Infact,non-verbal(非言语)communicationtakesupabout50%ofwhatwereally

.Andbodylanguageisparticularly

whenweattempttocommunicateacrosscultures.Indeed,whatiscalledbodylanguageisso

apartofusthatit’sactuallyoftenunnoticed.Andmisunderstandingsoccurasaresultofit...

...Clearly,agreatdealisgoingonwhenpeople

.Andonlyapartofitisinthewordsthemselves.Andwhenpartiesarefrom

cultures,there’sastrongpossibilityof

.Butwhateverthesituation,thebest

istoobeytheGoldenRule:treatothersasyouwouldliketobe(treated).

分析:文章开头的论据中说到不同国家的身体语言不同,如果不注意,经常会发生误解。作者在文章的最后提出一条“黄金法则”,即:要像自己希望被对待的方式一样对待他人。前后照应紧密。4.注重上下文语境,克服思维定式。应逐句精读短文,逐题分析选项,对特定的语境做深入地理解,克服思维定式,依据全文大意并根据词不离句、句不离文的原则逐空填写。例...Forexample,themomentyougetontheairplane,start(adjusting)yourbiologicalclocktothedestination’stime.Ifit’sdaytimeinyourdestination,trytostay

.Walkingaroundthecabin(客舱)canbeofhelp.

A.awake

B.alone C.hungry D.calm分析:A

要仔细分析语境,完形填空题绝不可以决裂语境填空。由前面的daytime提示可知,白天应该醒着。下文“Walking

around

the

cabin

can

be

of

help.”也是提示,所以该空应选awake。新题演练•能力迁移A(2022·全国乙卷)Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout

1

someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably

2

athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies

3

.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas

4

asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour

5

researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology

6

thatidea.

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each

7

satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor

8

.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould

9

orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesame

10

happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:

11

childrensaidthattheycouldn’t

12

toher.

Anumberof

13

ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects

14

thequestionsandknew

15

whatwasaskedofthem.Their

16

tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue

17

that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply

18

mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our

19

suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod

20

whenothersuseit.

1.A.following B.takingC.escaping D.directing2.A.clever B.badC.scared D.quick3.A.exposed B.examinedC.untouched D.imbalanced4.A.supported B.guaranteedC.imagined D.interpreted5.A.disappointing B.mixedC.surprising D.desired6.A.explained B.confirmedC.contradicted D.tested7.A.parent B.childC.researcher D.doctor8.A.feet B.noseC.hands D.ears9.A.see B.helpC.reach D.fool10.A.event B.thingC.action D.accident11.A.Yet B.NowC.Soon D.Once12.A.speak B.listenC.turn D.wave13.A.instructions B.descriptionsC.experiments D.assumptions14.A.comprehended B.predictedC.explored D.ignored15.A.partly B.honestlyC.vaguely D.exactly16.A.responses B.approachesC.contribution D.sensitivity17.A.ability B.beliefC.identity D.purpose18.A.holdback B.relatetoC.insiston D.makeup19.A.limitations B.requirementsC.theories D.findings20.A.tentative B.impressiveC.creative D.effective【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。学龄前儿童在玩捉迷藏的游戏时,通常表现出“顾头不顾尾”的滑稽样子。之前这种行为被解释为是“自我中心”的表现,但最新的实验结果表明,情况并非如此。1.C

解析:根据常理可知,孩子们之所以喜欢玩“捉迷藏”的游戏,是因为当他们藏起来的时候,感觉自己能够躲避(escaping)寻找者的目光,所以非常紧张刺激。2.B

解析:根据下文的内容可知,学龄前儿童不善于(bad)隐藏。3.A

解析:根据“cover

only

their

eyes”和生活常识可知,学龄前儿童在躲藏时往往只捂住自己的眼睛,却把身体的其他部分暴露(exposed)出来。4.D

解析:根据本句内容可知,长时间以来,儿童的这种无效躲藏的方式被解释(interpreted)为“儿童是自我中心型生物”的证据。5.C

解析:根据下文内容可知,实验结果是非常令人惊讶的(surprising)。6.C

解析:根据下文实验的结论可知,这个结果与之前人们的想法是完全相反的(contradicted)。7.B

解析:根据上文出现的“young

children”以及下文的“an

adult”可知,此处指的是小孩子(child)。8.D

解析:根据下文出现的“or

hear

the

adult”可知,此处指的是蒙上眼睛或捂住耳朵(ears)。9.A

解析:根据上文出现的“who

covered

her

own

eyes”可知,此处指的是看到(see)。10.B

解析:根据冒号后面的内容可知,当成年人捂上自己的嘴巴时,相同的事情(thing)出现了。11.B

解析:根据上下文语境可知,此刻(Now)孩子们的回答与反应与之前完全相似。12.A

解析:根据上文内容“covered

her

own

mouth”可知,因为大人捂着嘴巴,所以孩子们说他们不能与大人讲话(speak)。13.C

解析:根据上文内容可知,这是进行的科学实验,但是一次实验肯定不能得出结论,所以进行很多次实验(experiments),排除了孩子们误解问题的可能性。14.A

解析:根据上文出现的misunderstood可知,结果很清楚地表明,孩子们理解(comprehended)问题是什么。15.D

解析:根据上文出现的misunderstood以及clear可知,孩子们确切地(exactly)知道他们被问的是什么问题。16.A

解析:根据上文内容以及下文的questions可知,此处指的是孩子们对问题的回答(responses)。17.B

解析:根据下文内容可知,孩子们真实的想法(belief)是:只有你能看到我,我才能看到你。18.C

解析:根据上文的实验过程和结果可知,孩子们在捉迷藏中的表现表明,他们只是坚持(insist

on)相互承认和尊重。19.D

解析:根据上文内容可知,科学实验有了新的发现或结果(findings),完全推翻了之前的结论。20.D

解析:根据上文内容以及上文出现的ineffective一词可知,事实上,当别人用这个方法时,孩子们就会认为这个方法是有效的(effective)。BSince1960,considerablescientificresearcheshavebeendoneonchimpsintheirnaturalhabitats.Astonishingly,scientistshavefoundoutthatthesocial

1

ofchimpsareverysimilartohumans.Chimpswill

2

incertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavefewinstinctsto

3

oneanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularly

4

tosharefoodwiththeirchildren,whoareablefromayoungageto

5

theirownfood.

Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon’t

6

sharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage,hewillpull

7

—hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretruly

8

.

Humanchildren,

9

,areextremelycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydecidetohelpothers,toshareinformationandto

10

achievingcommongoals.PsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthis

11

inaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeaworriedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwill

12

trytohelp.

Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturally

13

inyoungchildren.Oneisthatthese

14

appearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehave

15

.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligence

16

inchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitiveskills,atleastwhenwecomparedchildrenwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthe

17

worldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.

Thecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’mindsdon’thaveiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycan

18

whatothersknoworarethinking.But

19

that,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”,agroupthatintendstoworktowarda(n)

20

goal.

1.A.structures B.policiesC.behaviors D.responsibilities2.A.conflict B.cooperateC.offend D.negotiate3.A.trust B.contactC.isolate D.help4.A.decline B.manageC.attempt D.oblige5.A.gather B.purchaseC.sell D.abandon6.A.curiously B.reluctantlyC.naturally D.carelessly7.A.inturn B.atrandomC.withcare D.inadvance8.A.generous B.selfishC.constant D.excited9.A.allinall B.asaresultC.innocase D.ontheotherhand10.A.appealto B.participateinC.belongto D.cutoff11.A.cooperativeness B.availabilityC.interrelationship D.attractiveness12.A.unfortunately B.suddenlyC.immediately D.reluctantly13.A.cultivated B.motivatedC.possessed D.stimulated14.A.attitudes B.instinctsC.experiences D.coincidences15.A.creatively B.formallyC.socially D.competitively16.A.develops B.decreasesC.changes D.disappears17.A.abstract B.invisibleC.imaginary D.physical18.A.infer B.adaptC.absorb D.balance19.A.with B.beyondC.despite D.onto20.A.realistic B.sharedC.specific D.ambitious【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学家Michael

Tomasello通过测试发现人类在社交方面比黑猩猩出色得多,这是因为人类的思维中有“共同意向性”,而黑猩猩的思维中却没有。1.C

解析:句意:令人惊讶的是,科学家发现黑猩猩的社会行为与人类非常相似。structure“结构”;policy“政策”;behavior“行为,举止”;responsibility“责任”。根据下文介绍的黑猩猩与人类社会行为的比较可知,黑猩猩的社会行为与人类非常相似。故C项正确。2.B

解析:根据空后的like

gathering

in

war

parties

to

protect

their

territory可知,黑猩猩会合作。conflict“冲突”;cooperate“合作”;offend“冒犯”;negotiate“谈判”。故B项正确。3.D

解析:句意:但除了作为社会人的最低要求之外,它们几乎没有互相帮助的本能。trust“信任”;contact“联系”;isolate“孤立”;help“帮助”。转折连词But表明此处与前面说的合作相反,除了作为社会人的最低要求之外,它们几乎不会互相帮助。故D项正确。4.A

解析:此处表示甚至黑猩猩妈妈也习惯性地拒绝与孩子分享食物。decline“拒绝”;manage“设法做成”;attempt“尝试”;oblige“强迫”。故A项正确。5.A

解析:此处表示黑猩猩从很小的时候就能自己觅食。gather“采集”;purchase“购买”;sell“卖”;abandon“放弃,抛弃”。故A项正确。6.C

解析:句意:在实验室里,黑猩猩也不会自然地分享食物。curiously“好奇地”;reluctantly“不情愿地”;naturally“自然地”;carelessly“粗心地”。故C项正确。7.B

解析:句意:如果一只黑猩猩被关在笼子里,在那里它可以为自己拉进一盘食物,或者不费多大的力气就可以拉一盘食物给隔壁笼子的邻居,它只会随意拉——只是不在乎它的邻居是否吃到食物。in

turn“轮流”;at

random“随意地”;with

care“小心地”;in

advance“事先”。故B项正确。8.B

解析:句意:黑猩猩确实是自私的。generous

“慷慨的”;selfish

“自私的”;constant

“不断的”;excited“兴奋的”。根据上文提示,黑猩猩从不分享食物、甚至妈妈也拒绝跟孩子分享以及它们不在乎邻居是否吃到食物,可以看出,黑猩猩是很自私的。故选B项。9.D

解析:句意:另一方面,人类儿童就非常合作。从很小的时候,他们决