中考英语真题分类汇编题型阅读理解专项训练十自然与环保

PAGEeq\a\vs4\al(专项训练十自然与环保)时间：8～10分钟/篇分值：2分/小题Passage1(2018常德)Let'scleanuptheoceantogether!Weallknowit'simportanttohavedreams.However,tomakethedreamscometrueisnotaneasything.AyoungDutchmannamedBoyanenjoysworkinghardtomakehisdreamscometrue.WhenBoyanwas16,hewentdiving(潜水)inGreece.Hewasshockedtoseemoreplasticbagsthanfishinthesea.Theboymadeuphismindtocleanuptheocean.However,everyonetoldhimthattherewasnothinghecoulddoonceplasticbagswentintotheocean.Theteenagerdidn'tgiveup.Hespentseveralmonthsstudyingplasticpollution.Finally,hecameupwithascienceprojectusingfloatingbarriers(漂浮的栅栏)tocollectthe_waste.Thatistosay,insteadofusingnetsandshipstocollecttheplasticbags,thebarrierscanmaketheplasticbagscometogetherwiththehelpofnaturaloceancurrents(洋流)andwinds.What'smore,thecollectedplasticbagscanberecycledandmadeintoproductsoroil.Boyanwonprizesfortheproject,butthatwasnotenoughforhim:hewantedtomakeitareality(实现).In2013,hesetupTheOceanCleanup.Togetherwithscientists,engineersandvolunteers,theyoungmanisworkinghardtocleanuptheoceantomakeourworldabetterplace.Wouldyouliketojointhem?()1.WheredidBoyandecidetocleanuptheocean?A.InHolland.B.InGreece.C.InEngland.()2.Whatdoesthewastemeaninthethirdparagraph?A.Thenets.B.Thebarriers.C.Theplasticbags.()3.WhatmaybeTheOceanCleanup?A.Agroup.B.Aclub.C.Acompany.()4.Theauthorwritesthepassagetotellus________．A.tocleanuptheoceanB.nottopollutetheoceanC.toprotectourenvironmentPassage2(2018武汉)AndrewHolleman,a12­year­oldboy,lovedplayingintheopenlandnearhishome.Thelandwaswetandforested,andmadeahomeforthebirds,otheranimalsandmanydifferentplants.Itmadetheperfectplaceforhimtostudyandgettoknowthenature.Hehadseensomered­tailedhawks,redfoxes,woodturtlesandotheranimals.Healsofoundspecialnativeflowers.Suddenlyitwasannouncedthatthe“empty”landwouldbeimprovedbyalotofhousesonit.Theplantswouldberemoved,theanimalswouldrunawayandmostwouldprobablydie.Thenthewetsoil(土壤)wouldbecoveredwithextragrounds.Whenheheardaboutthenews,hewasnothappy.Hewasveryworriedthatthelandandwaterwouldbepolluted.Andrewwrotedownclearlyalltheresearchhehaddoneaboutthearea,andhowthehouseswouldaffect(影响)thelocalenvironment.Hesentletterstomembersoflocalgovernmentandtelevisionreporters.Healsocalledonhisneighborstoopposethebuildingofthehouses.Althoughhewasonly12yearsold,hehadthecourageandwisdomofapersonmucholder.Andrew'steachersdescribedhimasgentle,shyandactive.Hisclassmatesalsoadmiredhowmuchheknewaboutlocalanimalsandplants,andtheenvironment.Eachdayafterschool,Andrewwentdoor­to­door,toaskthepeopletosign(签名),whodidnotwantthehousestobebuilt.Inonlyonemonth,hegotthesignaturesof250people.Intheend,thelandremainedasafeplaceforbirds,animalsandplantsthatbelongedthere.Andrewwonmanyprizesforhisbraveandgreatworktostopthehousesbeingbuilt,andthushelpsavetheenvironment.()1.Thepassageismainlyabout________．A.250peoplewhosignedtohelpAndrewB.abraveboywhocaredfortheenvironmentC.theopenlandthatsuitedanimalsandplantsD.theresearchofimprovingtheenvironment()2.Theunderlinedword“oppose”inthepassageprobablymeans________．A.supportB.dislikeC.disagreeD.prefer()3.Andrewwasveryworriedbecause________．A.theanimalswouldbekilledB.newhouseswouldbebuiltontheopenlandC.notalltheneighborsweregoingtosignD.thelocalgovernmentmadearightdecision()4.Accordingtothepassage,Andrew________．A.wasgoodatgoingdoor­to­doorB.gotinnotouchwiththereportersC.usuallyactedlikeapersonmucholderD.waspraisedbyhisteachersandclassmates()5.Wecaninfer(推测)that________．A.thelandwouldremainasitusedtobeB.theopenlandwouldbebuiltintoaparkC.theneighborswouldhavetomoveawayD.AndrewwouldsoonworkforthegovernmentPassage3(2018广州)“Savethewhales！”That'swhatthepictureonJakeSmith'sbedroomwallsaid.Jakelikedhavingapicturethatsaidsomethingimportantthatshowedhecared.Hejustneverexpectedtogetachancetosavearealwhale,onerightinhisownneighbourhood.ItwasaSaturdaymorningwhenthenewspaperfirstreportedthewhales'coming.AgroupoftheanimalswereswimmingclosetothebeachinJake'shometown.Allthelocalpeoplerushedouttothebeachtoseethem.Theywereexpectingabeautifulshow,betterthanamovie,butnothingthey'dhavetodoanythingabout.Thenonewhaleswamintheirdirection,directlytowardsland.Itcameinwiththewaves,andwhenthewavesreceded,_itstayed.Itshugebodyrestedonthesand.Suddenly,Jakeandhisfamilyandalltheotherswerenolongersightseers.Theyhadtobecomerescuers.Afewpeoplerantowardstheanimal.Theypushedandtriedtoforcethewhalebackintothewater,butitwasnouse.Ananimalrescueserviceteamsoonarrivedinatruckwithheavyliftingmachinery,tohelpmovetheanimal.Jakeandhisfamilycouldn'tdomuchonthebeach,sotheywentbacktotheirhouseandmadesandwichesandhotteafortherescuers.Atleast,Jakethought,theycouldhelpinsomeway.Backatthebeach,theyofferedthefoodtotherescuersandwerehappytoseethatitwasneeded.Itwasgettingdark.Somepeoplelineduptheircarsalongthebeachandshinedtheheadlightsonthesand.Therescuerswouldnotgiveup.Aftertryingmanytimestheywerefinallyabletoliftthewhaleintothewater.Everyonecheeredwhenitheadedouttosea.Itswamoutaboutamileandthendisappearedforamomentunderthesea.Then,inwhatlookedlikeajumpforjoy,itrosehighabovethewater—athank­youtothosewhohadworkedsohardtosaveitslife.()1.WhatdoesthepictureonJake'swalltellusabouthim?A.Helivedneartheocean.B.Hecaredabouttheenvironment.C.Heworkedasananimalrescuer.D.Hethoughtwhaleswerethemostbeautifulanimals.()2.Whydidthelocalpeoplegodowntothebeachthatmorning?A.Toswimwiththewhales.B.Tohelprescuethewhales.C.Toseethewhalesswimming.D.Towatchamovieaboutwhales.()3.Theunderlinedword“receded”inParagraph3means________．A.didn'tmoveB.wentbackoutC.washedoverD.gotup()4.HowdidJakeandhisfamilyhelpsavethewhale?A.Bycallingtherescueservice.B.Byaskingtheirneighboursforhelp.C.Bygivingtherescuersfoodanddrink.D.Bycontrollingthepeopleonthebeach.()5.Inwhatorderdidtheeventsofthewhalerescuetakeplace?a.Thewhaledisappearedunderthesea.b.Peopleturnedonthelightofthecars.c.Rescuersliftedthewhaleintothewater.d.Animalrescueservicebroughtitstruck.e.Peoplepushedthewhaletowardsthesea.A.e－d－b－c－aB.e－b－c－d－aC.d－b－e－a－cD.a－e－b－d－cPassage4(2018重庆B卷)Awildbabybison(野牛)atYellowstoneNationalParkhadtobekilledbecauseoftourists.Thetouriststhoughtthatthebabybisonlookedcold.Theyputitintheircaranddrovetoparkranger(管理员)station.Arangerdescribedtheactionofthetouristsasa“dangerousmove”becauseadultbisonscanlookaftertheirbabiesverywellandtheywillattack(攻击)toprotecttheiryoung.Parkrangerstooktheanimalfromthecarandsetitfree.But,sadly,thebabywasrefusedbyitsfamilybecauseithadthesmellfromhumans.YellowstoneNationalParkexplainedonFacebookthatthesmellfrompeoplecancauseparentanimalstorefusetoaccepttheiryoung.Theparktriedagainandagaintomakethebabybisonlivewithitsparents.Afterseveraltimestheyhadtogiveup.Manypeopleexpressedangeratboththetouristsandthepark.Theparksaidthattheydidnothavetheabilitytocareforayoungbison.Theyalsosaidthatitis“notthetaskoftheparktosaveanimals”．Thetouristswerefined(罚款)$110fortouchingparkwildlife.ParkrulessaythatvisitorstoYellowstoneshouldstayatleast22metersawayfromallwildlife,andatleast90metersawayfrombearsandwolves.OnerangersaidthatYellowstonerecentlyaddedmanysafetysignsthatsaystayingnearthewildlifethereisdangeroustohumansandanimalsaswell.ThosesignsarewritteninEnglishandotherlanguages.()1.Thetouriststookthebabybisontoaparkrangerstationbecausetheythoughtitlooked________．A.sadB.hungryC.happyD.cold()2.Theparkrangerdescribedtheactionofthetouristsasa“dangerousmove”because________．A.thetouristsdroveinawrongwayB.adultbisonswouldattackthetouristsC.adultbisonscouldn'tlookaftertheirbabywellD.thetouristswouldmakethebabybisonsick()3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Theparkrefusedtosendthebabybisonback.B.Thevisitorssavedthebabybison.C.Manypeopleareangryatthebisonfamily.D.Thesmellfromhumansmaybringtroubletobisons.()4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat________．A.wemustkeepawayfromanywildanimalB.weshouldcareaboutwildanimalsinarightwayC.we'llbefinedifwesaveabisonintheparkD.we'dbetterwritesafetysignsinmanylanguagesPassage5(2018泰安)Acitywithoutcarswouldbeverystrange,right?ButVeniceissuchacity.VeniceisinthenortheastofItaly.Itwasn'tbuiltonland,likeBeijingorShanghai,butonmorethan110islands.Seawateriseverywherearoundthecity.Evenso,travelisn'tthatdifficult.Thewaterwayshavealwaysbeenthebestwaytogetaround.Thereare117waterwaysandmorethan400bridgesthatcanguideyouwhereyouwanttogo.PeopleinVenicemovefromplacetoplacebyboat.Watermakesthecityspecial,butitisalsoabigproblem.Sometimestouristswillhavesuchstrangeexperiences.OnemomenttheywalkacrosstheRialtoBridge,andthere'snothingspecial.Butwhentheycomebacktothebridgeanhourlater,it'sunderwaterandeveryoneiswearingrainshoes.Once,peopleusedtoomuchundergroundwater.Thismadethecitygetlowerlittlebylittle.Nowthecityhasgonedownby23centimeters.Anotherproblemistherisingseawater.Thetemperaturehasrisenovertheyears.ThishasmadeiceoftheArcticOcean(北冰洋)melt(融化).Everyyear,highwatershitthecityinautumnandwinter.Whenalotofwatercomes,morethanhalfofthecityisunderwater.Scientistsaretryingdifferentwaystostopthecityfromgettingevenlower.TheItaliangovernmenthasaskedsomeofItaly'sbiggestcompaniestobuildtheMOSTproject,whichwasplannedtobebuiltundertheseawatertostoptherisingwater.Anyway,thisprojectishelpingsolvetheproblem.()1.WhichisthebestwaytotravelinVenice?A.Thewaterways.B.Taxisandcars.C.400bridges.D.Boatsandrainshoes.()2.Whatdoesn'tcauseVenicetogetlowerandlower?A.TheiceoftheArcticOceanmelt.B.Seawateriseverywherearoundthecity.C.Peopleusedtoomuchundergroundwater.D.Thetemperaturehasbecomehigherovertheyears.()3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastpassage?A.Veniceissuretostopgettinglower.B.Highwaterswon'thitVeniceanymore.C.Scientistscansolvetheproblemseasily.D.Somepossiblewayshelptosolvetheproblem.()4.What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.ThePlacesofInterestofVeniceB.TheHistoryofVeniceC.TheSpecialsandProblemsofVeniceD.TheMOSTProjectofVenicePassage6(2018湖州)Inthemodernage,humansocietyrunsonenergy.Mostmachinesneedelectricitytooperate.Humanscannotlivewithoutelectricityevenasingledaybothintheirdailylifeandwork.Theyhavemanydifferentwaystocreateelectricity.Butsomewaysareharmfultotheenvironment.Forexample,fossilfuels(化石燃料)arethemostcommonkindofenergy.Theyincludecoal,oil,andnaturalgas.First,peoplehavetodigthemfromtheground.Thiscansometimesharmtheenvironment.However,scientistsarecreatingcleanerandbetterwaystodothatthesedays.Sotheenvironmentisnotharmedasmuchasbefore.Butwhenpeopleburnthesefossilfuels,theycangiveoffalotofharmfulgases,whichisconsideredtobeoneofthegreatestcausesofglobalwarming.Thismightharmtheenvironment.Tidal(潮汐)energyisanotherwaytomakeelectricity.Thisusestheoceantidestomakeelectricity.Butsomekindsoftidalenergycankillmanyfishandotherseaanimals.Alsodams(大坝)cancreatelotsofcleanenergy.Butdamscreatelakesandchangethewaythatriversrun.Sotheycandogreatharmtothebalanceofnaturearoundthelakesandalongtherivers.Nuclear(核)energyisaverypowerfulformofenergy.Itischeap.Itisalsoveryclean.Butmanypeopleareafraidofitbecauseitusesradioactivematerials.Also,therehavebeensomeveryseriousaccidentsinthepastwhichcausedgreatharmbothtohumanandnature.Butthetechnologyismuchbetterthesedays.Somanycountriesarestartingtousenuclearenergymore.()1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutfossilfuels?A.Theyaredugfromtheground.B.Theyareconsideredexpensive.C.Theyhardlyharmtheenvironment.D.Theyarenotwidelyusedintheworld.()2.Fromthepassage,weknowthattidalenergycan________．A.causeseriousaccidentsB.changethewaythatriversrunC.giveoffalotofharmfulgasesD.killmanylivingthingsintheocean()3.Nowadaysmanycountriesstarttousenuclearenergymorebecause________．A.it'sacommonkindofenergyB.peoplearenotafraidofitnowC.it'scheap,cleanandsaferthanbeforeD.peoplecan'tlivewithoutnuclearenergy()4.Thepassageisprobablyinthepartof________inanewspaper.A.healthB.scienceC.cultureD.sports,小词典)1． divev．潜水2. floatingbarrier漂浮的栅栏3． oceancurrent洋流4. realityn．现实5． soiln．土壤6. affectv．影响7． signv．签名8. bisonn．野牛9． rangern．管理员10. attackv．攻击11． finev．罚款12. meltv．融化13． fossilfuel化石燃料14. tiden．潮汐15． damn．大坝16． nuclearadj.原子能的；核能的专项训练十自然与环保Passage1【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一位名叫Boyan的年轻人如何实现自己的梦想，同时呼吁人们要保护海洋。B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Boyan决定在哪里清理海洋？根据第三段前三句“WhenBoyanwas16,hewentdiving(潜水)inGreece...Theboymadeuphismindtocleanuptheocean.”可知是在希腊。故选B。C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段中thewaste的意思是什么？根据第三段倒数第二句中“maketheplasticbagscometogether”与“collectthewaste”为同义转换，可判断thewaste是指Theplasticbags，故选C。A【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：TheOceanCleanup可能是什么？根据第四段最后两句“In2013,hesetupTheOceanCleanup.Togetherwithscientists,engineersandvolunteers,theyoungmanisworking...”可推知这是一个由科学家、工程师和志愿者组成的团体，致力于清理海洋垃圾。故选A。A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们。根据文章第一段“Let'scleanuptheoceantogether！”以及后文描写Boyan为清洁海洋所做的努力；同时结合最后一段呼吁大家加入到清洁海洋的队伍中，可知作者在呼吁我们为清洁海洋做出贡献。故选A。Passage2【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。叙述一个12岁男孩Andrew如何保护他周围的环境的故事。B【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章主要关于。本文主要讲述Andrew是如何保护环境，如何保留这块开阔的场地的，故选B。C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：文章中划线单词“oppose”的意思可能是。根据第五段第一句“Andrewwrotedownclearlyalltheresearchhehaddoneaboutthearea,andhowthehouseswouldaffect(影响)thelocalenvironment.”可知他是不同意在这片空地上建造房子的，故此单词的意思和disagree相近，故选C。B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Andrew非常担心，因为。根据第三段第一句“Suddenlyitwasannouncedthatthe‘empty’landwouldbeimprovedbyalotofhousesonit.”和第四段第一句“Whenheheardaboutthenews,hewasnothappy.”可知Andrew真正担心的是在这片空地上盖房子后动物们将迁移走，植物将被移除，土壤也会被破坏。故选B。D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，Andrew。根据倒数第三段第二、三句“Andrew'steachersdescribedhimasgentle,shyandactive.Hisclassmatesalsoadmired...”可知D项符合题意。故选D。A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我们可以推测。根据倒数第二段“Intheend,thelandremainedasafeplaceforbirds,animalsandplantsthatbelongedthere.”可知A项正确。故选A。Passage3【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Jake和家人、邻居帮助营救人员把搁浅的鲸鱼救回大海的故事。B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：Jake墙上的图片告知我们关于他的什么情况？根据文中第一段第二句“Jakelikedhavingapicturethatsaidsomethingimportantthatshowedhecared.”可知选项B与之相符。故选B。C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：那天上午为什么人们到海滩上去？根据文中第二段后三句可知选项C符合题意。故选C。B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段中划线单词“receded”的意思可能是。根据第三段第二句和第三句可知，此处表达退潮后，鲸鱼搁浅，因此划线单词表示(海水)退去。故选B。C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：杰克和他的家人怎样救的鲸鱼？根据第四段中“Jackandhisfamilycouldn'tdomuchon...andmadesandwichesandhotteafortherescuers.”可知杰克和他的家人为营救者提供吃喝。故选C。A【解析】句子排序题。题干意为：营救鲸鱼的事件发生的顺序是什么？通读全文可知鲸鱼最终获救游回到大海。故a位于句末，营救人员到达之后，人们打开灯为营救人员照明，故d位于b之前。故选A。Passage4【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文中主要讲述了几位游客因为觉得小野牛冷，就用车把它载到了公园管理站的故事。文章告诉我们：我们应该以一种正确的方式关心野生动物。D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：游客们带这头小野牛去公园管理站是因为他们认为它看起来。根据第二段第一句“Thetouriststhoughtthattheba