英语词根词缀衔接学案-高中英语初高中衔接

LearningObjectives/学习目标1.能够理解构词法的不同方式，掌握常见的构词法，熟知常见词缀的含义2.能够通过构词法理解和记忆词义，并能利用语境和构词法知识在语言实践中使用。KeyandDifficultPoints/重难点1.熟知常见构词法以及词缀2.能够通过构词法判断词义，并能利用语境和构词法知识在语言实践中使用。一．构词法基本知识英语的常见构词法有______________(pounding)、______________(derivation)和_____________(Conversion)。缩写法和简写法(AbbreviationandSimplification)也是构词法的一种。合成法：将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起而构成的新词，叫做合成词。合成形容词名词+现在分词_________讲英语的形容词+名词________________专职的名词+过去分词___________人造的数词+名词+形容词_______________10岁的名词+形容词____________雪白的形容词+名词+ed_______________热情的形容词+现在分词___________好看的副词+过去分词_______________出名的合成名词名词+名词____________周末副词+动词_______________爆发形容词+名词____________黑板动词+名词_______________打字机动词ing+名词____________阅览室名词+动词ing_________________笔迹，动词副词+动词_____________理解名词+动词_________________梦游派生法:即在词根上加前缀或后缀构成另一个与原意略有变化或截然相反的词前缀prefix：前缀通常只改变词义，不改变词性前缀举例否定un__________不公平的，_________不高兴的,___________不同寻常的disdiscover发现，disagree不同意的in/im/ir/il_________________不可能的，________________不礼貌的irregular不规则的illegal不合法的mis________________错误，_________________误会nonnonstop不停的，nonsmoker非吸烟者再，又；re_______________重写rebuild重建remarry再婚自，自动autoautomation自动化,autobiography自传在前prepreface前言,preview预习远teletelevision电视telescope望远镜telephone使enenlarge扩大，enable使能够___________鼓励鼓舞关系interInternet因特网international国际的（2）后缀suffix：后缀通常改变词性，构成意思相近的其它词性的词；少数后缀同时会改变词义后缀举例形容词性后缀alnational民族的国家的；natural自然的educational有教育意义的ableeatable能吃的____________舒适的calchemical化学的____________医学的ishchildish孩子气的________愚蠢的____________自私的fulhelpful有帮助的cheerful高兴的________和平的less________________粗心的homeless无家可归的,________无用的lyorderly有秩序的,________友好的yearly每年的enwooden木制的woolen羊毛的________金色的ousfamous著名的，continuous连续不断的ed/ingexcited激动的，exciting令人激动的ive___________积极的，negative负面否定的，creative有创造力的y____________嘈杂的rainy下雨的____________健康的动词后缀fybeautify美化enwiden加宽，loosen使松散，__________加深，sharpen削izeapologize道歉____________实现副词后缀lybadly坏地，easily容易地wardbackward向后，eastward向东，forward向前名词后缀mentagreement协议，____________发展，___________________成就nesshappiness幸福，business事务________和蔼tion/sionexplanation解释，dictation听写，______________讨论er/orworker工人___________记者,actor演员，_______发明家istpianist钢琴家,scientist科学家thtruth真理length长度youth年轻人_____________温暖domkingdom王国wisdom智慧______________自由数词后缀teen/tyfifteen十五fifty五十thfifth第五3.转化法:英语单词的词性非常活跃，名词用作动词，动词转化为名词，形容词用作动词等现象非常普遍，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性的方式就叫做词性的转化。名词转化为动词watern．水→v.浇水shown．展示→v.表演；展出handn．手→v.传递动词转化为名词lookv．看→n.看(havealook)stopv．停止→n.车站(busstop)形容词转化为名词dailyadj.日常的→n.日报highadj.高的→n.最高水平finaladj.最后的；最终的→n.决赛形容词转化为动词slowadj.慢的→v.放慢cleanadj.清洁的；干净的→v.清扫freeadj.空闲的→v.释放dryadj.干燥的→v.把…弄干、变干副词转化为动词downadv.向下→v.打倒，放下练习一：利用语境和构词法知识，用所给单词的恰当形式填空。1.Thatmanwasso__________thathelefthissmartphoneonthebusonthewaytowork.A．care B．carefulC．carelessD．carelessness2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.die B.deadC.diedD.death3.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.A.chemistryB.ChemicalC.chemist D.physician4.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.A.leadB.leaderC.leading D.leadership5.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem，Jacklooked________aboutathisclassmates.A.proud B.proudlyC.prideD.pridely6.Toeveryone’s________，thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction7.You’dbettergiveupstayinguplateifyouwanttokeep_______.A．health B．healthy C．healthilyD．healthier8．_________________，Tommywasabletocatchthelasttrainandgothomeontime.A．Luck B．LuckyC．Luckily D．Unluckily练习二：利用语境和构词法知识，用所给单词的恰当形式填空。1.Thisbookis___________(use)!Ican’tfindanyoftheinformationIneed.2.Itsnowed___________(heavy)lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.3.Edisonwasagreat___________.Duringhislifehehadmany___________.(invent)4.Ifyou’renotpletely___________withourservice,youcangetyourmoneyback.(satisfy)5.Plantingflowersalongthestreetswillhelpto___________thetown.(beautiful)6.Hewasacarpenter,andspenthissparetimecarvingsmall___________toysforhischildren.(wood)7.My___________toleaveschoolwhenIwasonly15wastheworstmistakeIevermade.(decide)8.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)9.Timisagoodboy.Heisalways___________(friend)tohisclassmates.10.It’s(danger)toplaywithfire.

练习三：用方框中单词的适当形式完成句子。relaxrelaxservebadAsiacare1.AmotorcyclehitMaryyesterdayandshewashurt.

2.Iamnotpleasedwithyourhere.Iwanttospeaktoyourmanager.

3.Togethighmarksintheexams,weshouldavoid.

4.Ifeltlyinginthesunonthebeach.

5.HangzhouwillbethethirdChinesecitytohosttheGamesafterBeijingandGuangzhou.

painpaincoversuntidyproud1.Everychildwantstobetheoftheirparents.

2.Haveyouevercutyourfingerontheedgeofabookpage?Thesmallcutonyourfingerisso.

3.Scientistsaroundtheworldareworkingtoamedicineforthecancer.

4.—Timmy,yourbedroomisdirtyand.

—Sorry,Mum.I’llcleanitrightaway.5.Theweatherreportsaysitwillbeinthefollowingtwodays.

agreeagreetruehumourwarmheavy1.Thestorymadeallofusla