2023年考研外语提分试卷11

考研外语提分试卷11

一、UseofEnglish

1>Ithasbeenahundredyearssincethelastbigonein

California,the1906SanFranciscoearthquake,whichhelped

give(1)tomodemearthquakescience.Acenturylater,we

haveahighlysuccessful(2),calledplatetectonics,that

explainswhy1906-typeearthquakeshappen一alongwithwhy

continentsdrift,mountainsrise,andvolcanoes(3)the

PacificRim.Platetectonicsmaybeoneofthe(4)triumphs

ofthehumanmind,geology's(5)tobiology，stheoryof

evolution.Andyetscientistsstillcan'tsaywhenan

earthquakewillhappen.Theycan,tevencome(6).

Whatscientistscandorightnowismakegoodmapsoffaultzones

and(7)outwhichonesareprobablydue(8)arupture.

Andtheycanmakeforecasts.Aforecastmightsaythat,over

acertainnumberofyears,thereisacertain(9)ofa

certainmagnitudeearthquakeina(10)spot.Andthatyou

shouldfixyourhousetoitsfoundationandgluethewater

heatertothewall.

Turningforecastsintopredictions-"amagnitude7earthquake

is(11)herethreedaysfromnow”—maybeimpossible,but

scientistsaredoingeverythingtheycantosolvethe(12)

ofearthquakes.Theybreakrocksinlaboratories,studyinghow

stone(13)_____understress.Theyhike(14)ghostforests

wheredeadtrees(15)oflong-agotsunamis.Theymakemaps

ofunsecured,balancedrockstoseewherethegroundhas

(16)inthepastandhowhard.Theydigditchesacross

faults,searchingfortheactivetrace.Theyhavewiredupfault

zoneswithsomanysensorsitis(17)theEarthisapatient

(18)intensivecare.

(19),wetellourselves一tryinghardtobe

persuasive一theremustbesomewayto(20)orderand

criteriononallthatuntrustworthyground.

A.birth

B.rise

C.ground

D.way

2、(2)

A.impression

B.conception

C.judgment

D.theory

3、(3)

A.range

B.neighbor

C.line

D.border

4、(4)

A.signature

B.signal

C.significance

D.signification

5、⑸

A.response

B.reply

C.retort

D.answer

6、(6)

A.near

B.tight

C.nearby

D.close

7、(7)

A.count

43

B.put

C.figure

D.lay

8、(8)

A.to

B.for

C.in

D.of

9、(9)

A.feasibility

B.likelihood

C.likeness

D.assumption

10、(10)

A.given

B.taken

C.extended

D.engaged

11、(11)

A.expected

B.remained

C.welcomed

4

D.reserved

12、(12)

A.myths

B.secrets

C.mysteries

D.puzzles

13、(13)

A.behaves

B.performs

C.presents

D.treats

14、(14)

A.by

B.across

C.through

D.among

15、(15)

A.tell

B.speak

C.say

D.talk

16、(16)

5

A.quivered

B.shivered

C.trembled

D.shaken

17、(17)

A.evenif

B.asthough

C.ingeneral

D.sothat

18、(18)

A.with

B.in

C.at

D.over

19、(19)

A.Surely

B.Instead

C.However

D.Additionally

20、(20)

A.compose

B.expose

目6

C.impose

D.oppose

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Theclocktowerlooksoutovera38-hectarecampusgracedby

anornamentallakeandapillaredcentralhall.Addalittle

ivyanditcouldbealmostanyrespectedseatoflearningin

theWest.Onlythehemisphereiswrong.ThisisNingbocampus

ofNottinghamUniversityinChina'sZhejiangprovince,halfa

worldawayfromitsBritishhome.TeachingisinEnglish,the

firstlanguageofthestaff.Lastyearthecollege,ajoint

venturewithaChineseenterprise,openeditsdoorsto900local

studentslookingforaninternationaleducationwithout

leavinghome.Withinfiveyearstheirnumbersareforecastto

reach4,000.SayNottinghamUniversityprovostInaGow:"Why

goallthewaytoBritainwhenyoucanstudyinChinaathalf

theprice?”

Goodquestion.Internationaleducationisnowaglobalindustry

worth$30billionayear,withsome2millionstudentsstudying

abroad,afigurethat*sforecasttotrebleby2022.In

particular,thesurgingeconomiesofIndiaandChinaare

producingfarmorewould-begraduatesthantheirowncolleges

canaccommodate.Butpreferencesarechangingfastasthrifty

studentsgiveuptheirtraditionalfavoritesintheWestand

choosetostayclosertohome.Thatmeansachangeinstrategy

forrecruit-hungrycollegesandgovernments.SaysAndreas

Schleicher,aneducationexpertattheOrganizationfor

EconomicCooperationandDevelopment,“Therealinternational

dimensionisthatwenolongermovestudentsaroundtheworld;

wemovetheprovidersandcontentsinstead.，z

Itdoesn'ttakeaPh.Dtospotthetrends.TheUnitedStates

stillattractsmorethanaquarterofalloverseasstudents,

butitsmarketshareisslipping.Britain,inthesecondslot,

sawthenumberofapplicantsfromChinadipby20percentlast

year.Factorsincludeexpenseandtighterentryregulation.The

UnitedStateslastyearrelaxedsomeofitscontrolsbutnot

beforelosingsomeoftherichstudentbusinessfromtheMiddle

East.Britishuniversitiesarecomplainingloudlyatthe

government'sdecisiontodoublethepriceofastudentvisa.

ThebigbeneficiariesarebackintheEast,closetohomefor

IndianandChinesestudents.Withgenerousstatehelp,

Australiancollegesnowattract9percentofoverseasstudents,

afteradecadeofdouble-digitincreases.Australians'goal:

560,000foreignstudents一almostthreetimestoday's

figure一by2025,withAsiansaccountingforsome70percentof

thetotal.What'sgoodforthecollegesisalsogoodforthe

nationalaccounts.Internationaleducationnowranksas

Australia(sfourthlargestsourceofexportdollarsaftercoal,

tourismandironore.

WecaninferthatthekeyfeatureofNingbocampusof

NottinghamUniversityisthat

A.ithasawesternstyle,campus.

B.itchargeshalfthepriceofNottinghamUniversity.

C.itprovidessimilareducationasinNottingham.

D.itisajointventurewithaChineseenterprise.

2、

Studentschoosetostayclosertohomemainlybecauseof

A.theirfearofhomesickness.

B.thesurgingeconomyoftheirhomecountry.

C.thechangingpatternofworldeducation.

D.theirpersonaleconomicreason.

3、

AccordingtoAndreasSchleicher,thetrendsofeducationis

that

A.studentswillchoosetostudyintheirowncountry.

B.Westerncountriesstillhavestrongattractionfor

students.

C.AustraliawillsurpasstheU.S.andBritaininthemarket

share.

D.Universitieswillbemoreactiveinsuitingtheneedsof

students.

4、

WhathashappenedtotheU.S.andBritainintermsofoverseas

students?

A.TheU.S.staysfirmlyasNo.1choiceforstudents.

B.Britainraisedby20percentitsoverseasstudentslast

year.

C.Bothcountriesforecastariseinthestudentnumber.

D.Bothcountriesarelosingtheirmarketshare.

5、

Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.AustraliamightbecomeNo.1ininternationaleducation.

B.Australiawillcontinuetobenefitfrominternational

education.

C.StudentnumberinAustraliaisforecasttotrebleby2022.

D.AustraliawillbecomethefirstchoiceforAsians.

6、JeffreySachsisamacroeconomistbytraining,anexpert

inthevagariesofbusinesscyclesandinternationalfinance.

Butgivetheman10minutesonstage,andascholarlysymposium

startstofeellikearevivalmeeting."Letmetakeyouto

Malawi,“heurgesatypicalaudience,leaningintothe

microphoneandloweringhisvoice.Likemostcountriesin

southernAfrica,MalawihasSeenravagedbyAIDSfortwodecades.

OneadultinsevenisHIV-positive,andsome2millionchildren

havebeenorphaned.Butinsteadofhurlingnumbersathis

listeners,SachstransportsthemtoQueenElizabethCentral

HospitalinBlantyre,asitehevisitedthisyearwhile

travelingwiththerockstarBono.

Atoneendofthefacilityisasmalloutpatientclinicwhere

peoplewhocanpay$1adayreceivelife-sustainingAIDSdrugs.

“Theytakethemedicineandtheygetbetter,“Sachsdeclares.

“Theyreturntowork.Theygobacktocarefortheirchildren./z

Unfortunately,$1adayisnearlytwicewhatatypicalMalawian

liveson.SomostAIDSpatientsendupinwards1iketheone

justdownthehallfromtheoutpatientclinic,“ladiesand

gent1emenz，,Sachstellsthenowhushedhall,“thisplagueis

exploding.Itsconsequenceswillmaketheworldquake.Rich

countriescouldstopthedevastation.Andmostarestill

lookingaway.”

Sachsisnotthefirsttosoundthisalarm,buthespeakswith

specialauthority.AsthenewlyappointeddirectorofColumbia

University，sEarthInstitute,heheadsahuge,

interdisciplinaryefforttohelppoorcountriesbuild

sustainableeconomies.Insteadoftreatingclimatechange,

epidemicdiseaseandsocialupheavalasdistinctphenomena,the

institute,s800scientistsstudythelinksamongsuch

problems—andworktotranslatetheirinsightsintoaction.

Sachsalsochairsblue-ribbonpanelsfortheWorldHealth

Organization,advisesU.N.Secretary-GeneralKofiAnnanon

developmentissuesandcirclestheglobepleadingwith

policymakerstosupporttheGlobalFundtoFightAIDS.Inthe

comingyearhe'11helpseednewtreatment-and-prevention

programsthroughoutAsiaandAfrica.

FromSachs'sperspective,controllingAIDSisnotonlyamoral

imperativebutalsoapracticalnecessity.Asheisforever

tryingtoconvincepoliticalleaders,diseasecanperpetuate

poverty,ruineconomiesandunderminecivicorder.Asa

Sachs-ledWHOcommissionconcludedlastyear,“Theburdenof

diseaseinsomelow-incomeregions...standsasabarrierto

economicgrowthandmustbeaddressedfrontallyandcentrally

inanycomprehensivedevelopmentstrategy.，zAsagroup,the

world'srichestcountriesnowspendjust$6billionayearin

health-relateddevelopmentassistance.TheSachscommission

concludedthatbyraisingthecommitmentto$27billionby2022

and$38billionby2022,wewouldsave8millionlivesevery

yearwhileimprovingathirdoftheworld'sprospectsfor

prosperity.

JeffreySachsisnowdevotedto

A.thetrainingofmacroeconomists.

B.internationalfinance.

C.symposiumsandconferences.

D.thefundraisingworkforpoorcountries.

7、

JeffreySachsdescribedthesituationinMalawiinorderto

A.giveexamplesofthepoorconditioninMalawi.

B.criticizethe$1priceofthedrugs.

C.appealtotheaudiences'symphathy.

D.showhissympathytoMalawianpeople.

8、

Accordingtothetext,sustainableeconomy

A.focusesonsoil,climate,diseaseandsoonrespectively.

B.takesallproblemsintoconsiderationandactsaccordingly.

C.isonlypossibleafterallepidemicdiseaseswere

eradicated.

D.isfarfromthereachofthepoorcountries,

9、

TheauthormadealistofSachs'spositionstoshowthat

A.Sachsisabletooffergreathelpinsolvingthepresent

problems.

B.Sachsisexcellentbothinacademyandpolitics.

C.Sachsisawidely-recognizedexpert.

D.Sachsistheexampleforthereaderstofollow.

10、

AnimmediateandeffectiveactionthatSachs-ledcommission

tookisto

A.makecommentsonrelatedissues.

B.urgerichcountriestoofferhelptopoorcountries.

C.scuddoctorstothepoorcountries.

D.criticizetherichestcountries.

11CananyonecompetewithMicrosoftintheworldofsoftware

applications?Foryearsnow,BillGatesCo.havehadclear

sailing:theWindowsoperatingsystemmonopolyhashelpedmake

theirkeyproducts一likeWordandOutlook—intounbeatable

juggernauts.Meanwhile,innovationinthoseareasproceeds

onlyatthepacethatMicrosoftdeemsappropriate.

TheOpenSourceApplicationsFoundationhasadifferentidea:

topromotefreesoftwareandinnovationbycreatingcoolnew

applicationsonabare-bonesbudget.Thenot-for-profitOSAF

wasinitiallyfundedwith$5millionfromformerLotus

DevelopmentCorp,founderMitchKapor.ForKapor,thisisa

fascinatingdeparture.Twentyyearsagoheintroducedoneof

thefirstkillerapplicationsofthePCage,theLotus1-2-3

spreadsheet;itwasunabashedlyfor-profitandwas

closed-source.

ButKaporalwayshadhisheartinthecounterculture,andafter

leavinghiscompanyheco-foundedtheElectronicFrontier

Foundation,acyber-rightsorganization.Thoughhehasseen

successasaninvestor,hefeelsstronglyabouttheopen-source

movement,whichpositsthatintheageofcomplexsoftwaremany

peopleworkingfornothingcanduplicateorevenexceedthe

effortsoftherake-in-the-bucksgang.Andbecausethesource

codeisavailabletoall,anyonecanimprovetheproduct.The

continuedsuccessoftheLinux-poweredoperatingsystemand

ApacheWebserversshowsthatopensourceisnowilddream,but

aseriouschallengetotheestablishment.

SometimenextyeartheOSAFwillbegintestingitsfirstproduct,

apersonal-informationmanagerthatdirectlytakeson

Microsoft'sOutlook.Namedafterthefamousmysterynovelist,

ChandlerwillrunonMac,WindowsandLinux,beloadedwith

cleverfeaturesandallowuserstoshareinformationwith

othersonthingslikecalendarentries.And,ofcourse,itwill

befree.Kaporhassignedupanall-starteam,includingLou

Montulli(NetscapeNavigatorbrowser)andprogramminglegend

AndyHertzfeld.Alsoparticipating:thousandsofvolunteers

whobelieveinthebarn-raisingspiritoftheopen-source

movement.

Ultimately,Kaporhopestheprojectwillbeself-supporting,

withmoneycomingfromcorporatesponsorships,foundationsand

licensingfees.

Fortheimmediatefuture,KaporthinksthatChandlerwillbe

simplyanotheralternativeintheshadowofthegiant.Butlong

term,theOSAFseesaseachangeintheindustryitself."If

Chandlerworks,Ican,tseewhywecouldn，tdoawordprocessor

oraspreadsheet,saysKapor.Afterall,hepredicts,“in10

yearsOfficeandWindowswillbecommodities."Meaningthatthe

OpenSourceApplicationsFoundation,oranyoneelse,willbe

abletoplugitsproducts一includinganoperatingsystem-into

yourcomputingworld.Microsoft*swillcostmoney.Theothers

willbefree.IfKaporhashisway,it'salonggood-byefor

Microsoft'sdominance.

Microsoftcompanyinthesoftwareworld

A.hastakenafirmmonopoly.

B.controlledalltheinnovation.

C.hasnocompetitors.

D.developedthebestsoftware.

12、

Kapor'spurposeoffundingOSAFisto

A.developasubsidiaryforLotusDevelopmentCorp.

B.unabashedlyearngreatprofit.

C.popularizenewsoftwarefreeofcharge.

D.departfromLotusDevelopmentCorp.

13、

Theopen-sourcemovementisbasedontheideathat

A.countercultureisimportant.

B.everyonecancontributeincreatingbettersoftware.

C.expertscanimproveasoftware.

D.itcanbeachallengetotheconventions.

14、

Basedonthepassage,itcanbepredictedthatChandler

A.willrunonMac,WindowsandLinux.

______Q

q17

B.willbewelcomedbymanypeople.

C.willbeloadedwithcleverfeatures.

D.willbeagreatsuccessinbusiness.

15、

WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheOSAF?

A.itwillonlyprovidealternativesoftware.

B.itwilldevelopintoanotherMicrosoft.

C.itwillendtheMonopolyofMicrosoft.

D.itwillbecomecommodities,

16^Businesstravelersusedtobethecashcowsofthehotel

business.Armedwithcorporatecreditcardsandexpense

accounts,they'dhappilylaydownhundredsofdollarspernight

fortheprivilegeofaGodivachocolateontheirpillowanda

sunkenwhirlpooltubintheirbathroom.Butjustasprolonged

corporatebelttighteninghasforcedroadwarriorstouse

budgetairlines,moreandmoreofthemarenoweschewing

five-starlodginginfavorofcheaperaccommodations.Indeed,

earlierthisyeartheU.S.-basedNationalBusinessTravel

Associationreleasedfiguresshowingthat61percentof

corporatetravelmanagersplannedtobooktheirpeopleinto

lower-pricedhotelsinthecomingyear.

Here'sthegoodnews:penny-pinchingistranslatingintobetter

dealsatcheapandup-markethotelsalike.Servicesat

middle-markethotelsarerisingtoaccommodateanewwaveof

moredemandingcorporatecustomers.Andluxuryhotelsare

workinghardertokeepbusinesstravelerscoining,offering

lowerrates,specialpackagesandextraservices.Eventhough

business-travelvolumeissettorisebymorethan4percent

in2022afterthreedismalyears,hotelswillcontinuetobe

underpressure一inlargepartbecauseaweakdollarisforcing

Americanbusinesstravelerstosearchforvalue.

Someofthebestdealsarecomingfromthebigchains.InJanuary

StarwoodHotelsannounceditwouldupgradeitsglobal

middle-marketbrand,FourPoints,byrollingoutfree

high-speedwirelessInternetaccessinallguestrooms.Onthe

flipside,upscalebrandslikeInterContinentalandRitz

Carltonaresellingemptyroomsatdiscountratesviaonline

services.Thathastheeffectofdepressingluxury-roomprices,

becausecorporatetravelmanagerscannowdemandthathotels

matchtheirowndiscountpricesal1thetime.InterContinental

hotelsinFranceandGermanyhavebeenhitsohardthatthey

areactuallyrepricingtheirroomstoreflectratesbeforethe

dollarbeganfalling.UpscalehotelslikeWaldorf-Astoria,

Sofitelarealsotryingtoofferextraservices.

Butbewareofnew,hiddenfees.Inanefforttomakeupsome

oftheirlostrevenue,hotelsarestartingtochargecorporate

travelersforthingsthatusedtobefree一includingbreakfast,

banquetormeetingrooms.

Asidefromsavingcompaniesmoney,thetrendinfrugalbusiness

travelmaygiverisetoawholenewmarketsegment:the

buy-to-lethotelroom,LastweekinLondon,Britishproperty

developerJohnnySandelsonlaunchedGuestinvest,ahotelin

NottingHillwhereuserscanpurchasearoomfor£35,000,use

itforamaximumof52nightsayearthemselves,thenrentit

outtherestofthetimetomakeextramoney.Itseemsanidea

whosetimehascome:Guestinvestsaysithasalreadyfielded

hundredsofcallsfrombusinesspeopleinterestedinmakinga

cheaperhoteltheirsecondhome.

Accordingtothepassage,businesstravelersusedto

A.takebudgetairlines.

B.booklower-pricedhotels.

C.enjoyprivilegesinhotels.

D.becustomersofluxurioushotels.

17、

Howdohotelsreacttothepenny-pinchingpolicy?

A.Theyhavetoraisetheirrates.

B.Theychargemoreonextraservices.

C.Theyofferbetterdealsfortravelers.

D.Theyaresufferingsuccessivedismal.

18、

Travelerscannowdemandhotelstomatchtheirownprices

because

A.travelersonlyhave1imitedbudget.

B.hotelsaretryinghardtokeepgoodbusiness.

C.hotelsaretryingtodepresstheirprices.

D.travelersdemandforextraservices.

19、

Comparedwithtraditionalhotels,thebuy-to-lethotel

A.providesbetterroomandservice.

B.attractsmoreattentionsfromtravelers.

C.costslessandcanbeprofitable.

D.makestravelersfeelmoreathome.

20、

Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Businesstravelerswillspendlesstimeinhotels.

B.Guestinvesthasmadeagreatsuccess.

C.Traditionalhotelswillsuffermorepressurethantheyused

to.

D.Traditionalhotelswilllosemanycustomers.

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutdifferenttypesof

friendship,followedbyalistofexamples.Choosethebest

examplefromthelistforeachnumberedsubheading.

Iwasthinkingabouthoweverybodycan，tbeeverythingtoeach

other,butsomepeoplecanbesomethingtoeachother,thank

God,fromtheoneswhoseshoulderyoucryontotheoneswhose

halfslipsyouborrowtothenamelessonesyouchatwithinthe

groceryline.

(41)Buddies:

Theyaretheworkhorsesofthefriendshipworld.Theyarethe

peopleoutthereonthefrontlines,defendingyoufrom

lonelinessandboredom.

(42)WorkingFriend:

Thenthereisthatspecialguyatwork.Likealltheotherpeople

atthejobsitealfirsthe'sjustpartofthescenery.But

graduallyhestartstostandoutfromthecrowd.

(43)AFarawayFriend

He/sheissomeoneyougrewupwithorwenttoschoolwithor

livedinthesametownasuntiloneofyoumovedaway.

(44)TheFormerFriend:

Ah,asadthing.Atbestasadmemory,atworstadangerousenemy

whoisinpossessionofmanyofyourdeepestsecrets.

(45)FriendsYouLovetoHate:

Andlestweforget,therearethefriendsyoulovetohate.

ANewFriendisatonicuniikeanyother.Sayyoumeetherat

aparty,inyourbowlingleague.AtaJapaneseconversation

class,perhaps.Wherever,whenever,there'sthatsparkof

recognition.Thefirsttimeyoutalk,youcan,tbelievehowmuch

youhaveincommon.Suddenly,yourlifestoryisinteresting

again,yourinsightsfresh,youropinionvalued.Yourvarious

shortcomingsareasyetcompletelyinvisible.It'salmostlike

fallinginlove.

A.Theycallatinopportunetimes.Theysaystupidthings.They

buttin,theybossyouaround,theyembarrassyouinpublic.

Theyinvitethemselvesover.Theytakeadvantage.You'vedone

thebestyoucan,buttheyneedprofessionalhelp.Ontopof

allthis,theyloveyoutodeathandareconvincedthey;reyour

bestfriendsontheplanet.

B.Theycallyouup,theylistentoyourcomplaints,they

celebrateyoursuccessesandcurseyourmisfortunes,andyou

dothesamefortheminreturn.Theyholdoutthrough

innumerablecrisesbeforeconcludingthatthepersonyou're

datingisnogood,andeventhenunderstandifyouignoretheir

goodcounsel.Theyaccompanyyoutoamoviewithsubtitlesor

toseethedivingpigatAquarenaSprings.Theyfeedyourcat

whenyouareoutoftownandpickyouupfromtheairportwhen

yougetback.

C.Whilesomanyfamilyrelationshipsaretingedwithguiltand

obiigation,arelationshipwithaRelativeFriendisrelatively

worry-free.Youdon'tevenhavetohideyourvicesfromthis

delightfulperson.WhenyouslipoutAuntJoan，sbackdoorfor

acigarette,sheisalreadythere.

D.Yourfriendshipiscementedbyjokesaboutcoworkersand

thoughtfulfavorsaroundtheoffice.DidyouseeRyan'shair?

“Wanthalfofmybread."Soonyouknowthenamesofhisturtles,

whathedidlastFridaynight,exactlywhichmodelCDplayer

hewantsforhisbirthday.Hishandwritingisasfamiliarto

youasyourown.

E.Butwhatwasitthatdroveyouapart?Amisunderstanding,

abetrayedconfidence,anun-repaidloan,anill-conceived

flirtation.Apoorchoiceofspousecandoinafriendshipjust

likethat.Goingintobusinesstogethercanbeaseriousmistake.

Time,money,distance,religions:allnotedfriendshipkillers.

Youquitdoingdrugs,you'renotsuchgoodfriendswithyour

dealeranymore.

F.Withoutthem,youwouldnevergetanymailaddressedin

handwriting.AFarawayFriendcallslateatnight,invitesyou

toherwedding,alwayssayssheiscomingtovisitbutrarely

showsup.AnactualvisitfromaFarawayFriendisacausefor

celebrationandpartiesofallkinds.Cigarettes,Ch

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Arecentbodyofeconomicliteraturesupportsthenotionthat

theself-employedaremoresatisfiedwiththeirjobsthanare

employees.TheresearchfindsthistobetrueacrossmostOECD

countries,withAustria,Finland,andGreecethemajor

exceptions.

However,inSelf-Employment:MoreMayNotBeBetter(NBER

WorkingPaperNo.10286),NBERResearchAssociateDavid

Blanchflowerdistinguishesanumberoflessdesirableaspects

ofbeingself-employedwhichdonotappeartohavebeen

quantifiedpreviously.