2023职称英语考试综合A试题与答案

2023年职称英语《综合类》试题A及答案

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中

选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1Thenurseryisbrightandcheerful.

ApleasantBcleanCpeacefulDlarge

2ThiskindofmaterialwasseldomusedinbuildinghousesduringtheMiddleAges.

AneverBrarelyCoftenDonly

3Peoplefrommanyplacesweredrawntothecitybyitsgrowingeconomy.

AfetchedBcarriedCattractedDpushed

4Thesoldierdisplayedremarkablecourageinthebattle.

AplacedBshowedCpointedDdecided

5HowdoyouaccountforyourabsencefromtheclasslastThursday?

AexplainBexamine

CchooseDexpand

6Aboutonequarteroftheworkersinthecountryareemployedinfactories

AthirdBfourth

CtenthDfifteenth

7Shewasgratefultohimforbeingsogoodtoher.

AcarefulBhateful

CbeautifulDthankful

8Thereareonlyfiveminutesleft,buttheoutcomeofthematchisstillindoubt.

AresultBjudgement

CestimationDevent

9lieiscertainthatthedictionaryisjustwhatIwant.

AsureBangry

CdoubtfulDworried

10Thelastfewweekshavebeenenjoyable.

AcloseBnear

CpastDseveral

11Whatweretheconsequencesofthedecisionshehadmade?

AreasonsBresults

CcausesDbases

12Theydidn，trealizehowserioustheproblemwas

AknowBforget

CdoubtDremember

13Weshallkeepthemoneyinasecureplace

AcleanBsecret

CdistantDsafe

14Thegreatchangesofthecityastonishedeveryvisitortothatcity.

AattackedBsurprised

CattractedDinterested

15Thecityhasdecidedtodoawaywithalltheoldbuildingsinitscentre

AgetridofBsetup

CrepairDpaint

参考答案：

1.A2.B3.C4.B5.A

6.B7.D8.A9.A10.C

11.B12.A13.D14.B15.A

阅读推断（第16〜22题，每题1分，共7分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请依据短文的内容对每个句子做出推断。假如该句供

应的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;假如该句供应的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;假如该

句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

TheIndustrialAgeandEmployment

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople,swork

hastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthe

changesinworkpatternswhichitbrought,mayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.

But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,

asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademany

peopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeans

toprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustries

andremovedworkfrompeople'shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthen

byroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,

manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhome1ivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtimes,menandwomen

hadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomary

forthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilies

tohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtoday,andrestrictmoreflexible

sharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantform

ofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded-aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecome

frustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortand

resourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltask

ofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

16Theestablishedworkpatternsmaybechangedwiththeclosingoftheindustrialage.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Universalemploymenthasbroughtabouteconomicfreedom.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Manypeopledependedonthelandforalivingbeforethe17thcentury.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Improvedtransportenabledpeopletotravellongerdistancestotheirworkplaces.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Employedwomenofequalqualificationsarepaidlessthanmen.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Alargenumberofteenagerswillquitschoolnextyear.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Nowisthetimetohandletheissueofemploymentinapracticalmanner.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

16.A17.B18.A19.A20.C

21.C22.A

概括大意与完成句子（第23〜30题，每题1分，共8分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5

段每段选择1个正确的小标题；⑵第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成

每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.

SearchingforSmiles

1Askmostpeopleanywhereintheworldwhattheywantoutoflifeandthereplywill

probablybe:〃tobehappy./zEdDeiner,anAmericanpsychologyprofessor,hasspenthiswhole

professionallifestudyingwhatmakespeoplehappy,comparinglevelsofhappinessbetween

culturesandtryingtofindoutexactlywhyweenjoyourselves.

2Manypeoplewouldsaythatthisquestiondoesnotneedananswer.ButProfessorDeiner

hasoneanyway.〃Ifyou'reacheerful,happyperson,yourmarriageismorelikelytolast,

andyou'remorelikelytomakemoneyandbesuccessfulatyourjob.Onaverage,happypeople

havestrongerimmune（免疫的）systems,andthereissomeevidencethattheylivelonger.

3Sowhoaretheworld'shappiestpeople?Itdependsonhowthewordisdefined.There

isindividualhappiness,thesenseofjoywegetwhenwedosomethingwelike.Butthereis

alsothefeelingofsatisfactionwegetwhenweknowthatothersrespectusandapproveof

howwebehave.AccordingtoProfessorDeiner,theWesternworldpursuesindividualhappiness

whileAsiaprefersmutualsatisfaction.

4"IntheWest,theindividualistic（个人主义的）culturemeansthatyourmoodmatters

muchmorethanitdoesintheEast.Peopleaskthemselves,whatcanIdothat，sfunorinteresting?

Theybecomeunhappywhentheycan'tdoanyofthesethings.IfyouaskpeoplefromJapanor

Chinaiftheyarehappy,theytendtolookatwhathasgonewrongintheirlives.Ifnotmuch

hasgonewrong,thentheyaresatisfied./z

5PeoplefromSpainandotherSpanish-speakingcountrieshadthehappiestculture,

ProfessorDeinerfound."Thebiggestculturaldifferenceistodowithprideandshame.Hispanic

（西班牙语言的）culturesreportmuchmoreprideandmuchlessshamethanothers.z，

6Incomealsomadeabigdifferencetopeople*shappiness,butonlyatthelowestlevels.

AverageincomeearnersintheUSweremuchhappierthanpeopleinpoverty.Butmillionaires

wereonlyalittlebithappierthanpeopleonaverageincomes.Itseemsthatmoneymakesus

happywhenwehaveenoughtofeelsecure.

7Butcanwebetoohappy?”Yougetpeoplewhoareactuallyhappy,buttheythinkhappiness

issoimportantthattheytrytobeevenhappier.Thisdesiretobealwayshappyisaproduct

ofindividualism,wheretheemphasisisonyouindividually,youremotionsandfeelinggood.

Peoplecanendupfeelingunhappybecauseordinaryhappinessisnotgoodenoughforthem.”

1Paragraph2.

2Paragraph3.

3Paragraph4.

4Paragraph5.

AHappiestCulture

BAnUnhappyPerson

CDefinitionofHappiness

DCulturalDifferencesinHappiness

EReasonstoBeHappy

FIndividualandOrdinaryHappiness

5ProfessorDeinerhasspentmanyyearsstudyinginhappiness.

6ProfessorDeinerbelievesthatahappypersonislessprone（易患）to.

7Oncewehavegotenoughtofeelsafe,moneydoesnotmakedifferencetoour

happiness.

8AccordingtoProfessorDeiner,somepeoplefeelunhappybecausetheycannot

appreciate.

Aaquestion

Bordinaryhappiness

Cindividualism

Dculturaldifferences

Emuch

Fillnesses

23.E24.C25.D26.A27.D

28.F29.E30.B

阅读理解（第1〜15题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请细致阅读短文并依据短文回

答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇

SleepNecessaryforMemories

Burningthemidnightoilbeforeanexamorinterviewdoesharmtotheperformanceaccording

toarecentresearchwhichfoundthatsleepisnecessaryformemoriestobetakenbackinto

thebrain.Agoodnight，ssleepwithin30hoursoftryingtorememberanewtaskisarequired

conditionofhavinggoodrecallintheweeksahead,scientistshavefound.

Theresearch,publishedintheDecemberissueofNatureNeuroscience,showedthatitwas

theactofsleep,ratherthanthesimplepassageoftime,thatwascriticalforlong-termmemory

formation.

zzWethinkthatgettingthatfirstnight'ssleepstartstheprocessofmemoryconsolidation

（巩固），〃saidRobertStickgold,asleepresearcheratHarvardMedicalSchoolwhoconducted

thelateststudy.

“Itseemsthatmemoriesnormallywashoutofthebrainunlesssomeprocessnailsthemdown.

Mysuspicionisthatsleepisoneofthosethingsthatdoestheflailingdown,“Professor

Stickgoldsaid.

Withaboutoneinfivepeopleclaimingthattheyaresochronicallyshortofsleepthat

itaffectstheirdailyactivities,thelatestworkemphasizesthelesswell-understoodside

effect-seriousmemoryimpairment（损害）.

Volunteersinanexperimentfounditeasiertorememberamemorytaskiftheywereallowed

tosleepthatnight.Butforthosekeptawake,noamountofsubsequentsleepmadeupforthe

initialloss.

ProfessorStickgold,steamtrained24peopletoidentifythedirectionofthreediagonal

（斜线形的）barsflashedforasixtiethofasecondonacomputerscreenfullofhorizontal

（水平的）stripes.

Halfofthesubjectswerekeptawakethatnight,whiletheothersslept.Bothgroupswere

allowedtosleepforthesecondandthirdnightstomakeupforanydifferencesintiredness

betweenthevolunteers.

Thosewhosleptthefirstnightweresignificantlyandconsistentlybetteratremembering

thetaskwhilethesecondgroupshowednoimprovementdespiteenjoyingtwonightsofcatch-up

sleep.

1TheresearchpublishedinNatureNeuroscienceshowedthatwhatwasessentialtothe

formationoflong-termmemorywas.

Aintelligence.

Btime.

Cfood.

Dsleep.

2WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheresearchisNOTtrue?

AItwasdonewithin30hours.

BItwasheadedbyProfessorStickgold.

CItfocusedonlong-termmemoryformation.

DTherewerealtogether24subjectsintheexperiment.

3Stickgold，sresearchfocusedonthesideeffectproducedby.

Amemoryimpairment.

Blackofsleep.

Clowworkefficiency.

Dmemoryrecall.

4InStickgold，sexperiment,thosewhowerekeptawakeonthefirstnight.

Acouldverywellrememberthedirectionofthediagonalbars.

Bdidn，tdoanybetteraftertwonights'sleep.

Cwereastiredasthosewhowerenot.

Dcouldrecallthedirectionofmorebarsthanthosewhowerenot.

5Thosewhosleptthefirstnight.

Acouldn，trememberthetask.

Bcouldnotsleepthesecondandthirdnights.

Cperformedslightlybetterthanthosewhodidnot

Ddidmuchbetterthanthosewhodidnot.

其次篇

TheCherokeeNation

LongbeforethewhitemancametoAmerica,thelandbelongedtotheAmericanIndiannations.

ThenationoftheCherokeeslivedinwhatisnowthesoutheasternpartoftheUnitedStates.

Afterthewhitemancame,theCherokeescopiedmanyoftheirways.OneCherokeenamed

Sequoyahsawhowimportantreadingandwritingweretothewhiteman.Hedecidedtoinvent

awaytowritedownthespokenCherokeelanguage.Hebeganbymakingwordpictures...For

eachwordhedrewapicture.Butthatprovedimpossible-therewerejusttoomanywords.Then

hetookthe85soundsthatmadeupthelanguage.UsinghisownimaginationandanEnglishspelling

book,Sequoyahinventedasignforeachsound.Hisalphabetprovedamazinglyeasytolearn.

Beforelong,manyCherokeesknewhowtoreadandwriteintheirownlanguage.By1828,they

wereevenprintingtheirownnewspaper.

In1830,theU.S.Congresspassedalaw.ItallowedthegovernmenttoremoveIndiansfrom

theirlands.TheCherokeesrefusedtogo.Theyhadlivedontheirlandsforcenturies.It

belongedtothem.WhyshouldtheygotoastrangelandfarbeyondtheMississippiRiver?

ThearmywassenttodrivetheCherokeesout.Soldierssurroundedtheirvillagesandmarched

thematgunpoint（在枪口的威逼下）intothewesternterritory.Thesick,theoldandthesmall

childrenwentincarts,alongwiththeirbelongings,Therestofthepeoplemarchedonfoot

orrodeonhorseback.ItwasNovember,yetmanyofthemstillworetheirsummerclothes.Cold

andhungry,theCherokeeswerequicklyexhaustedbythehardshipsofthejourney.Manydropped

deadandwereburiedbytheroadside.WhenthelastgrouparrivedintheirnewhomeinMarch

1839,morethan4,000haddied.Itwasindeedamarchofdeath.

6TheCherokeesusedtolive.

Abytheroadside.

BinthesoutheasternpartoftheUS.

CbeyondtheMississippiRiver.

Dinthewesternterritory.

7WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSequoyahisNOTtrue?

AHewasimaginative.

BHewasanIndian.

CHewasawhiteman.

DHewrotedownthespokenCherokeelanguage.

8Alawwaspassedin1830to.

AallowtheCherokeestostaywheretheywere.

BstoptheCherokeesusingtheirownlanguage.

CforcetheCherokeestomovewestward.

DforbidtheCherokeestoprinttheirownnewspaper.

9TheCherokeeswenttotheirnewlands.

Aincarts.

Bonhorseback.

Confoot.

Dalloftheabove.

10Theword〃exhausted'inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby.

Awornout.

Bendedup.

Crunout.

Dfinishedup.

弟—•扁

Knitting

Mymotherknewhowtoknit（纺织），butshenevertaughtme.Sheassumed,asdidmanywomen

ofhergeneration,thatknittingwasnolongeraskillworthpassingdownfrommothertodaughter.

Acombinationoffeminism（女权主义）andconsumerism（消费主义）mademanywomenfeelthatsuch

homelyaccomplishmentswerenowoutofdate.MyGrandmotherstillknitted,though,andevery

Christmasshemadeapairofsocksformybrotherandme,ofredwool（毛线）.Theywerethe

onesweworeunderouriceskates（冰鞋），whenitwasreallyimportanttohavewarmfeet.

Knittingisanervoushabitthathappenstobeproductive.Ithelpedmequitsmokingby

givingmyhandssomethingelsetodo.Itiswonderfulfordepressionbecausenomatterwhat

elsehappens,youarecreatingsomethingbeautiful.Timespentinfrontofthetelevisionor

justsittingisnolongertimewasted.

Ilovebreathinglifeintothepatterns.It'struemagic,findinganeglected,dog-eared

（翻I日了的）oldbookwiththeperfectsnowflakedesign,buyingthesameGermantownwoolmy

grandmotherused,intheexactbluetomatchmydaughter，seyes,takingitonthetrainwith

meeverydayfortwomonths,workingenthusiasticallytogetitdonebyChristmas,staying

uplateafterthestockingsarefilledtosewinthesleevesandweaveintheends.

Knittinghastaughtmepatience.1knowthatif1justkeepgoing,evenifittakesmonths,

therewillbeareward.When1makeamistake,Iknowthatangerwillnotfixit,andthat

Ijusthavetogobackandstartoveragain.

PeopleoftenaskifIwoulddoitformoney,andtheanswerisalwaysadefiniteno.In

thefirstplace,youcouldnotpaymeenoughforthehoursIputintoasweater.Butmoreimportant,

thisisanactivityIkeepseparatefromsuchconsiderations.Iknittocovermychildrenand

otherpeopleIloveinwarmthandcolor.Iknittogivethemsomethingearthlythatmoneycould

neverbuy.

Knittinggivesmylifeanalternativerhythmtothedailydeadline.BydayIcanwrite

aboutNorthernIrelandortheNewYorkCityPoliceDepartmentandgetpaidforit,butonthe

trainhome,surroundedbypeoplewithlaptops,Istagemylittlerebellion.Itakeoutmyold

knittingbagandjointhecenturiesofwomenwhohaveknittedforlove.

11Whydidmanywomenfeelthatknittingwasoutofdate?

ABecausetheirmothershadnottaughtthem.

BBecausetheywereinfluencedbyfeminismandconsumerism

CBecausetheywerefeminists.

DBecausetheywereconsumerists.

12Theauthorworetheredsockshergrandmotherhadknittedforher.

Awhenshewenttoschool.

Bwhenshewenthiking.

CwhenshecelebratedChristmas.

Dwhenshewentskating.

13Theword"quit'inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.

Agiveup.

Bspeedup.

Cslowdown,

Dbuildup.

14Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

AKnittinghelpsonegetridofbadhabits.

BKnittinghelpsonegetfreefromabadmood.

CKnittingrequirespatience.

DKnittingisaprofit-makingbusiness.

15WhichofthefollowingisNOTthewriter5spurposeofknitting?

ATosavemoney.

BTosavetime

CToenrichherlife,

DToshowherloveforthefamily.

1.D2.A3.B4.B5.D

6.B7.C8.C9.D10.A

11.B12.I）13.A14.D15.A

补全短文（第46〜50题，每题2分，共10分）

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请依据文章的内容选择5组文字，将

其分别放回文章原有位置，以复原文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Garlic

Fromearlytimesmanhasusedgarlic（大蒜）.TheBiblespeaksofit.TheIsraelites（古

以色歹U人）wereoncefarfromhome.TheycriedouttoMoses,theirleader,forthefoodsthey

loved:leeks（韭菜）,onions,andgarlic.TheRomans,liketheIsraelites,lovedtoeatgarlic.

Andtheyhungbagsofgarlicaroundtheirnecks,(46)Theyalsothoughtitwouldkeep

themfromgettingsick.

Asimilarideaisstillheld.Manypeopletakegarlicthinkingitwillpreventorcure

disease.Mostdoctorssayitdoesnosuchthing.(47)Itssmellmayforcepeopletostay

farapart.Atleastthentheycan'tpassgermsontoeachother.(48)Whatifyou'rein

aplay,forinstance?Actorshavebeenknowntoforgettheirlinesbecausetheycouldn，tstand

thegarlicsmellonafellowactor'sbreath.Somehaveevenmadeupnewlinesandactionsthat

keptthemfarawayfromtheonewhohadeatengarlic.

Throughtheyearsmanhastriedtocopewiththesmellofgarlic.(49)Wenowknow

why.It'sbeenfoundthattheoilsofthegarlicdonotsticktotheteeth,Garlictongue,

orgums(齿龈).Theygointothelungsinstead.Fromtheretheyarebreathedout.Theypass

outthroughtheskintoo.

Strangeasitseems,foodmayhaveagreatdealofgarlicinitwithoutsmellingortasting

strong.Italldependsonhowitiscooked.Frenchcooksmakeagoodsoupwithwholecloves

(瓣)ofgarlic.Theyusemorethanthirtyclovesinonebowlofsoup.Buttheytakecarenot

tocrushthem.Andtheycookthemwhole.(50)Andastheclovescooktheychangeinsome

strangeway.Thesoupturnsouttobedelicious.It'snotstrongatall.

AButnomedicine,mouthwash,chewinggum,ortoothpasteseemstohelpmuch

BAsaresult,thestrongoilsstayinthecloves.

CTheysayitmayhelpinoneway,though.

DManypeopleeatgarlic.

EButkeepingyourdistancecanbehardattimes.

FTheyhopeditwou1dkeepawaytheevileye.

46.F47.C48.E49.A50