2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析（331-332）讲义 高考英语一轮复习

长难句翻译Weoftenspeakoftrampswithcontemptandputtheminthesameclassasbeggars,buthowmanyofuscanhonestlysaythatwehavenotfeltalittleenviousoftheirsimplewayoflifeandtheirfreedomfromcare?Beforeshehadanchored,themenfromtheboatshadclimbedonboardandthedecksweresooncoveredwithcolourfulrugsfromPersia,silksfromIndia,coppercoffeepots,andbeautifulhand-madesilverware.长难句翻译解析1.Weoftenspeakoftrampswithcontemptandputtheminthesameclassasbeggars,buthowmanyofuscanhonestlysaythatwehavenotfeltalittleenviousoftheirsimplewayoflifeandtheirfreedomfromcare?【语法详析】本句的主干为but引导的并列句；thatwehavenotfeltalittleenviousoftheirsimplewayoflife…作say的宾语从句。【词汇精讲】tramp/træmp/n.流浪汉，长途步行v.跋涉【辨】trump（扑克）王牌contempt/kənˈtempt/n.v.鄙视，轻蔑【组】hold...incontempt对…不屑一顾【辨】attemptn.v.试图envious/ˈen.vi.əs/adj.羡慕的【组】beenviousof【名/动】envy【近】jealous嫉妒的freedomfrom免除...的自由Atschoolshehadcompletecontemptforallherteachers.在学校读书时她对所有老师都不屑一顾。I’mveryenviousofyournewcoat–it’sbeautiful.我真羡慕你有这么好的新外套——很漂亮。【参考译文】我们经常带着鄙夷的口吻谈论流浪汉，把他们与乞丐归为一类，但我们中有多少人能诚实地说我们对他们简单的生活方式和无忧无虑的自由不感到一丝羡慕呢？2.Beforeshehadanchored,themenfromtheboats//hadclimbedonboardandthedecksweresooncoveredwithcolourfulrugsfromPersia,silksfromIndia,coppercoffeepots,andbeautifulhand-madesilverware.【语法详析】本句的主干为and连接的并列句。Beforeshehadanchored为时间状语从句。【词汇精讲】anchor/ˈæŋ.kər/n.锚，支柱，新闻节目主持人v.抛锚，使固定，主持（节目）【组】dropanchor抛锚，weighanchor起锚【辨】ankle脚踝rug/rʌɡ/n.小地毯，毛毯【辨】carpet地毯，rugby橄榄球运动Persia/ˈpɜːʃə/n.波斯（伊朗）silverware/ˈsɪlvəweə/n.银器Itwastimetoweighanchor(=pulluptheanchorandsailaway).该是起锚开船的时候了。【参考译文】在轮船抛锚之前，小船上的人就已爬上去，甲板上很快就摆满了色彩缤纷的波斯地毯、印度丝绸、铜咖啡壶以及漂亮的手工银器。长难句拓展Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor”fundamentalfairness”——protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.①小词典zeal[ziːl]n.热情；热心；热诚claimant[ˈkleɪmənt]n.原告；[贸易]索赔人；提出要求者claim[kleɪm]v.声称，断言；索取，索要（钱）；要求（拥有），认领；使丧生，致命；赢得，获得；值得，需要（花时间或精力）n.声称，断言；索要，索赔；权利，所有权②句子分析：本句主干是Whatmotivatedhimwashiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”，其中Whatmotivatedhim为主语从句。weweretounderstand为插入语。protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits为“fundamentalfairness”的同位语，其中thatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits为ensuring的宾语从句。③参考译文：我们要明白，他做这些的动机是他对“基本公平”——保护纳税人，控制支出，并确保只有最具资格的申请者收到他们的救济金——的满腔热情。Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnofundamentalrighttoabenefit//heorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.①小词典redefine[ˌriːdɪˈfaɪn]vt.重新定义allowance[əˈlaʊəns]n.津贴，零用钱；允许；限额vt.定量供应②句子分析：本句主干是Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”。而whohadnofundamentalrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions为定语从句，修饰先行词a“jobseeker”，其中heorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions为嵌套定语从句，修饰先行词abenefit。③参考译文：甚至连“求职者补助金”一词也将失业者重新定义为没有基本权利获得他或她通过缴纳国民保险税而赢得的救济金的“求职者”。Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.①小词典opponent[əˈpəʊnənt]n.对手；反对者；敌手adj.对立的；敌对的oppose[əˈpəʊz]v.反抗，阻碍；与……竞争，与……角逐regulator[ˈreɡjuleɪtə(r)]n.监管机构，监管者；调整者；校准器regulate[ˈreɡjuleɪt]v.（用规则条例）控制，管理；调节，调整；监控，监管；校准，对准（时钟或其他仪器）②句子分析：本句的主干是并列句，Thereispressure...,butopponents...insistthat。forchange为介词短语作后置定语，修饰pressure;fromwithintheprofession为地点状语；ofchangeamongtheregulators为后置定语，修饰opponents;keepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically为宾语从句，其主干为keepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyers,fromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically为地点状语。③参考译文：行业内部有改革的压力，但管理机构中的反对改革者坚持认为，让外人远离法律事务所，会避免律师迫于压力赚钱，而非按照职业道德服务客户。长难句精讲精练1.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents，Congress，memorials,andparks.知识渊博的导游会为你带来关于总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的最有趣的故事。语法笔记本句的主干是guideswillentertainyou，其中entertain表示“使快乐;使有兴趣”。介词短语with...andparks做方式状语，其中with表示“用”;句末的Presidents，Congress，memorials和parks用and连接,构成并列结构。核心词表knowledgeableadj.知识渊博的，有见识的记忆词根记忆:knowledge（知识）+able（具有…性质的）→知识渊博的guiden.向导，导游v.指导;指引派生guidancen.指导，领导entertainv.(使）快乐;款待，请客记忆词根记忆:enter（进入）+tain（拿住）→在（工作）中间抓住时间（休息）→娱乐→使快乐搭配entertainsb.'sguests款待客人interestingadj﹑有趣的presidentn.总统;主席congressn.国会;代表大会，国民大会memorialn.纪念碑，纪念物adj.纪念的记忆词根记忆:memor（记忆)+ial(…的）→纪念的parkn.公园;停车场vt.停放（汽车)记忆联想记忆:纽约有一个非常著名的公园——CentralPark（中央公园)2.Studentsarebeingdaredtodrawapicture，writeanarticle,takeaphotoorwriteapoemthatshowswhattheyarecuriousabout.学生们被鼓励去画一幅画，写一篇文章，拍一张照片或者写一首诗来展现他们的兴趣点。语法笔记本句的主干是Studentsarebeingdaredtodrawapicture，writeanarticle，takeaphotoorwriteapoem。在主句中,arebeingdaredtodo使用了现在进行时的被动语态，dare在此句中用作实义动词，意为“激将”，固定搭配daresb.todosth.表示“激将某人去做某事”。to后面用or连接了四个平行的动词词组;that引导定语从句thatshowswhattheyarecuriousabout，修饰多个先行词picture、article、photo和poem，定语从句中what引导宾语从句，做shows的宾语。核心词表studentn.学生darev.敢，敢于;激，激将drawv.(drew,drawn，drawing)绘画;