变电站建设的一般要求外文文献翻译

外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：PowerSystemProtection&Control,2013,3(5):63-68.英文原文GeneralRequirementstoConstructionofSubstationCarpentierJennySubstationsareavitalelementinapowersupplysystemofindustrialenterprises.Theyservetoreceive,convertanddistributeelectricenergy.Dependingonpowerandpurpose,thesubstationsaredividedintocentraldistributionsubstationsforavoltageof110-500kV;mainstep-downsubstationsfor110-220/6-10-35kV;deepentrancesubstationsfor110-330/6-10kV;distributionsubstationsfor6-10kV;shoptransformersubstationsfor6-10/0.38-0.66kV.Atthemainstep-downsubstations,theenergyreceivedfromthepowersourceistransformedfrom110-220kVusuallyto6-10kV(sometimes35kV)whichisdistributedamongsubstationsoftheenterpriseandisfedtohigh-voltageservices.Centraldistributionsubstationsreceiveenergyfrompowersystemsanddistributeit(withoutorwithpartialtransformation)viaaerialandcablelinesofdeepentrancesatavoltageof110-220kVovertheenterpriseterritory.Centraldistributionsubstationdiffersfromthemaindistributionsubstationinahigherpowerandinthatbulkofitspowerisatavoltageof110-220kV;itfeaturessimplifiedswitchingcircuitsatprimaryvoltage;itisfedfromthepowertoanindividualobjectorregion.Low-andmedium-powershopsubstationstransformenergyfrom6-10kVtoasecondaryvoltageof380/220or660/380.Step-uptransformersubstationsareusedatpowerplantsfortransformationofenergyproducedbythegeneratorstoahighervoltagewhichdecreaseslossesatalong-distancetransmission.ConvertersubstationsareintendedtoconvertACtoDC(sometimesviceversa)andtoconvertenergyofonefrequencytoanother.Convertersubstationswithsemiconductorrectifiersareconvertenergyofonefrequencytoanother.Convertersubstationswithsemiconductorrectifiersaremosteconomic.Distributionsubstationsfor6-10kVarefedprimarilyfrommaindistributionsubstations(sometimesfromcentraldistributionsubstations).Withasystemofdividingsubstationsfor110-220kV,thefunctionsofaswitch-gearareaccomplishedbyswitch-gearsfor6-10kVatdeepentrancesubstations.Dependingonlocationofsubstationstheirswitch-gearmaybeoutdoororindoor.Thefeedandoutputlinesat6-10kVsubstationsaremainlyofthecabletype.at35-220kVsubstationsoftheaerialtype.Whenerectingandwiringthesubstations,majorattentionisgiventoreliableandeconomicpowersupplyofagivenproduction.Substationsareerectedbyindustrialmethodswiththeuseoflargeblocksandassembliespreparedatthesiteshopsofelectricengineeringorganizationsandfactoriesofelectricalengineeringindustry.Substationsareusuallydesignedforoperationwithoutcontinuousattendanceofthedutypersonnelbutwiththeuseofelementaryautomaticandsignalingdevices.Whenconstructingthestructuralpartofasubstation.itisadvisabletouselight-weightindustrialstructuresandelements(panels,floors,etc.)madeofbentsections.Theseelementsarepre-madeoutsidetheerectionzoneandareonlyassembledatsite.Thisconsiderablycutsthetermsandcostofconstruction.Basiccircuitryconceptsofsubstationsarechosenwhendesigningapowersupplysystemoftheenterprise.Substationsfeatureprimaryvoltage

entrances.transformersandoutputcablelinesorcurrentconductorsofsecondaryvoltage.Substationsaremountedfromequipmentandelementsdescribedbelow.Thenumberofpossiblecombinationsofequipmentandelementsisverygreat.Whenelaboratingasubstationcircuitry,itisnecessarytostriveformaximumsimplificationandminimizingthenumberofswitchingdevices.Suchsubstationsaremorereliableandeconomic.Circuitryissimplifiedbyusingautomaticenclosureorautomaticchangeovertoreservefacilitywhichallowsrapidandfaultlessredundancyofindividualelementsandusingequipment.Whendesigningtransformersubstationsofindustrialenterprisesforallvoltages,thefollowingbasicconsiderationsaretakenintoaccount:1.Preferableemploymentofasingle-bussystemwithusingtwo-bussystemsonlytoensureareliableandeconomicpowersupply;2.Wideuseofunitizedconstructionsandbustlessubstations;3.Substantiatedemploymentofautomaticsandtelemetry;ifthesubstationdesigndoesnotenvisagetheuseofautomaticsortelemetry,thecircuitryissoarrangedastoallowforaddingsuchequipmentinfuturewithoutexcessiveinvestmentsandre-work.4.Useofsimpleandcheapdevices-isolatingswitches,short-circuitingswitches,load-breakingisolators,fuses,withdueregardfortheirswitchingcapacitymaydrasticallycuttheneedforexpensiveandcriticaloil,vacuum,solenoidandairswitches.Substationandswitch-gearcircuitriesaresomadethatusingtheequipmentofeachproductionlineisfedfromindividualtransformers,assemblies,thelinestoallowtheirdisconnectionsimultaneouslywithmechanismswithoutdisruptingoperationofadjacentproductionflows.Whenelaboratingcircuitryofasubstation,themostvitaltaskistoproperlychooseandarrangeswitchingdevices(switches,isolators,currentlimiters,arresters,high-voltagefuses).Thedecisiondependsonthepurpose,powerandsignificanceofthesubstation.PowerSystemSubstationisanimportantandindispensablecomponentofthepoweritassumedthetaskofconversionanddistributionofgridsecurityandtheeconomyplayadecisiveroleinrunningistocontacttheuser’spowerplantsandintermediatelinks.Witheconomicdevelopment,expandinggridcapacity,reliabilityofoperationofthepowergridisgettinghigherandhigherrequirements.Developmentofscienceandtechnology,intelligentswitches,photoelectriccurrentandvoltagetransformer,arun-linestatedetection,trainingsimulationSubstationOperationmatures,suchashigh-tech,aswellasfiber-optictechnology,computerhigh-speednetworksysteminthedevelopmentofreal-timeapplications,boundtotheexistingsubstationautomationtechnologyhaveaprofoundimpact,all-digitalsubstationautomationsystemdevelopmenttrend.Powersystemisoperatedbytheproduction,transmission,distributionandconsumptionofavarietyofpowerlinkedtothecompositionofelectricalequipment.Asaresultofalargenumberofpowerscannotbestored,wemustensurethattheproductionofelectricityandenergybalance.Withthescientificandtechnologicaladvancesinthetechnologicaldevelopmentofourcountryhasreachedacertainlevel.Intelligentswitches,photoelectriccurrentandvoltagetransformer,arun-linestatedetection,trainingsimulationSubstationOperationmatures,suchashigh-tech,aswellasfiber-optictechnology,computerhigh-speednetworksysteminthedevelopmentofreal-timeapplications,significantlyincreasethetransformationdegreeofautomation.Designofoursubstationcableprogramstendtobesimple,manyoftherecentdomesticnew220kVsubstationand110kVvoltagelevelsofwiringwithouttheuseofdual-busbypassbus.TheuseofGIS,theprioritysub-bussinglewire.TerminalSubstation,thelineasfaraspossible,suchastransformerunitwiring.Alargenumberoftheintroductionofnewtechnology,transformersubstationrisinglevelofelectricalequipment,powerdistributiondevicesfromthetraditionalformofmovingtowardoil-free,vacuumswitches,SF6switchesandmechanical,electricalequipmentcombinationofthedevelopmentofsmall-scaleintegration.Inrecentyearstheworldfamoushigh-voltageelectricalequipmentcompanieshavebeendeveloping,thedevelopmentofthevarioustypesof145-550kVoutdoorhigh-pressureandultrahigh-pressurecombinationofelectricalappliances,somehigh-voltageswitchgearplanthasalsostartedproductionof145kVcompactoutdoorportfolioelectricalappliances.Smartplug-intypeoutdoorswitchgearisamorecompletehigh-pressureandultrahigh-pressureswitchsystem,whichincludeselectricalfirstandsecondequipment,aswellastheassociatedfiberopticcable,suchasplug-typecompound.Theentiredistributedsubstationautomationsystem;theintroductionofadvancednetworktechnology;substationandtheconstructionareacoversanareaofreducedsubstationprogramtosimplifywiring,switchgear,busandsteelpipes,suchastheuseofstentstosubstationlayoutismoresimple,theabolitionoftheformerstationareaandoptimizethelayouttomakeasubstantialdeclineinanareasubstation.Withtechnologicaladvances,thetraditionalrelayprotectiondevicesaregraduallybeingreplacedbymicroprocessor-basedprotection.Microprocessor-basedprotectionisreferredtoastheprotectionofPCcomputer,adigitalrelayprotection,isbasedontheprogrammabledigitalcircuittechnologyandreal-timedigitalsignalprocessingtechnologyofthePowerSystemProtection.Atpresent,bothathomeandabroadhavebeendevelopedto32-bitdigitalsignalprocessorforhardware-basedprotection,control,measurement,anddatacommunicationsintegrationofmicroprocessor-basedprotectioncontroldevices,andartificialintelligencetechnologyintoanumberofrelayprotection,suchasartificialneuralnetworks,fuzzytheorytodeterminetherealizationoffaulttype,faultlocation,thedirectionofprotection,themainequipmentandothernewmethodsofprotection.Bymeansofwaveletanalysisofthetheoryofdigitalsignalfailureoftheentirefrequencybandinformationandtoachievefaultdetection.Theseartificialintelligencetechnologiestoimprovetheaccuracyoffailuretoprovideameansofidentification,butalsosomesingle-frequencysignalbasedonthetraditionalmethoddifficulttoidentifytheproblemstoberesolved.Atpresent,themicroprocessor-basedrelayprotectionisalongthemicroprocessor-basedprotectionnetwork,andintelligent,adaptiveandprotection,control,measurement,signal,datacommunicationsintegrationdirection.Themostbasicrequestthatchargedbarbedwirenetinthecitycirculatesissafeandstable.Thecoreproblemofchargedbarbedwirenetsafetyinthecitystabilitywantstobuilduptobeawiththecitymutuallyaccommodativeof,reasonableofchargedbarbedwirenetstructure.Thistextpassesandprogramstothechargedbarbedwirenetwithelectricpoweranddesignsthetechniqueprincipleoftheaspectanalysis.Elaboratedthestandardconcerningelectricvoltagegrade,powersupplycredibility,powersupplyabilityandchargedbarbedwirenetsafepowersupplyrequestsetc.someproblemsthatshouldnoticeinthechargedbarbedwirenetsafety;Andhavealreadyaimedatsex'selaboratingrequesttotheconcretedesignprincipleoppositechargedbarbedwirenetsafepowersupplyofthe220kVtransformersubstationand110kVtransformersubstation.Howtopromisepowersupplycredibility1)Satisfychargedbarbedwirenetpowersupplysafestandard.Thepowersupplynetworksatisfiestherequestofpowersupplycredibility.Thestandardthatallsatisfies

N-l,cityareacenterhighburdendensityimportantcustomerinthedistrictsatisfiesthestandardofN-2.Disallowtransformerovercarry.Helpasoutherncitynetpowersupplycredibilityrateindexsignprogrammingtargetis99.99%.2)Presstogotogetherwithchargedbarbedwirenetburdentotransferabilityinthecitysatisfiesfollowingrequest:①Thetransformersubstationlosesanyonceenterlineoronesetlordtransformerbutlowerpowersupplyability,winpresstogotogetherwithchargedbarbedwirenettohavetotransferburdentoensuretheabilityofpowersupply.②Whenafemalelineoftransformersubstationstopsluckbecauseofputting,winningtopresstogotogetherwithchargedbarbedwirenetshouldhavetheabilitythattransferallburden.③Whenthe10kVgoestogetherwithelectricwireroadanychecktofixorbreaksdown,goingtogetherwiththechargedbarbedwirenetshouldhavenon-checkoftransfertofix,non-breakdownsegmentabilityforcarrying.Thenon-checkfixes,Thenon-breakdownsegmentcarriestothepowerisofftimeonlyforgotogetherwithtogiveorgetanelectricshockanequipmentstopouraZiaoperationfortime.3)Asktosatisfyafollowingprinciplewhileallowingthecapacityofthepoweroutageandthetargetoftheinstaurationpowersupplywhilegoingtogetherwithchargedbarbedwirenetbreakdowntomakethecustomerthepowerisoff:①Thecustomeroftwobacktrackpowersupplies,afterlosingabacktrack,shouldbeunlimitedtogiveorgetanelectricshock.②Thecustomerofthreebacktrackpowersupplies,afterlosingabacktrack,shouldbeunlimitedtogiveorgetanelectricshock,againafterlosingabacktrack,shouldsatisfypowersupplycapacity50-70%isusedanelectricity.③Whenallofabacktrackormuchcustomer'sthepowerofbacktrackpowersuppliesstopped,resumetargettimeofpowersupplybrokedowntohandleforabacktrackrestoredofask.④Atwreathnetpowersupplymethodinforopenthecustomerinthewreathnetwork,thelowestinstaurationpowersupplyrequestforbreakingdownwreathnetistoneedtopasschargedbarbedwirenetoperationinstaurationPowersupplyoftime,itstargettimeneedforoperatingofasks;itisthepowersupplythatpassestogotogetherwithnetautomationrestrictiontoresumeanintactblockinthelaintogotogetherwithnetautomationcircuit.(3)Powersupplyabilityandsafety1)Ofeachelectricvoltagelayernetcapacityinthecitynet,pressdefinitelychangetheelectriccapacitycarrytocompareanallocation,thealllevelselectricvoltagenetchangestheelectriccapacitycarrycomparesatisfytheupperlimitrequestthatcurrent《electricpowernetinthecityprogrammingdesignlead》stipulates.Accordingto2001nationaleconomytradecommitteepromulgationofelectricpowerprofessionstandard《electricpowersystemsafetystabilitylead》middlefinger:N.astandardisunderthenormalmovementmethodoftheanycomponent(islikecircuit,generator,andtransformer...etc.)Intheelectricpowersystemhavenobreakdownorbecauseofbreakdownbreaktoopen,electricpowersystemshouldCankeepstabletocirculatewithnormalpowersupply,othercomponentshowevercarry,electricvoltageandfrequencyallareallowinginsidethescope.ThisisusuallycalledN.onestandard.Thechargedbarbedwirenetpowersupplysafestandardhas-lstandardandquasi-None2standardsandNsisone2standards.City'sgoingtogetherwiththepowersupplysafetyofchargedbarbedwirenettousuallyrequestistoadoptNonestandard.Itisone2standardstohavealreadyadoptedquasi-Naswellatthepowersupplysafetyespeciallyimportantplaceone2standardsorNs.2)Mediumpressandgotogetherwithchargedbarbedwirenetandhavecertainbackupcapacity,generallyshouldhave50%Yudegrees,whilebeinganycomponentcheckandfixingandbreakingdownandstoppingandcarryingshouldpassandpouraZiaoperationcankeepasegmentthecustomercontinuetowardthecustomerornon-troublepowersupply,gotogetherwitheachcomponentofchargedbarbedwirenetwhiletransferringburdenhowevercarry,unlimitedelectricity.Whentwosetlordshappenthatthepowerisoffatthesametime,thatisusedcircuitshouldadjustabove60%burden.中文译文变电站建设的一般要求作者：CarpentierJenny变电站是工业企业供电系统的重要组成部分。它们用于接收，转换和分配电能。根据功率和用途，变电站分为110-500kV电压的中央配电站;110-220/6-10-35kV主要降压变电站;深入变电站110-330/6-10kV;配电变电站6-10kV;车间变电站6-10/0.38-0.66kV。在主降压变电站，从电源接收到的能量从110V变为110V，220kV通常为6-10kV（有时为35kV），分布在企业的变电站中并被馈送到高压服务。中央配电变电站接收来自电力系统的能源，并通过在企业范围内110-220kV电压的深入入口的架空和电缆线路进行配电（不进行或不进行部分转换）。中央配电变电站与主配电变电站的区别在于并且其大部分功率处于110-220kV的电压;其在初级电压下具有简化的开关电路;它从电源馈送到一个单独的物体或区域。低功率和中等功率的变电站将能量从6-10kV转换为380/220或660/380的二次电压。在发电厂使用升压变电站，将发电机产生的能源转换成更高的电压，从而降低长距离传输时的损耗。变电站旨在将交流电转换为直流电（有时也可以反之），并将能量一个频率转换到另一个。具有半导体整流器的变电站将一个频率的能量转换成另一个频率。具有半导体整流器的变电站是最经济的。6-10kV配电变电站主要由主配电变电站供电（有时来自中央配电变电站）。采用110-220kV变电站分隔系统，开关柜的功能由深入式变电站的6-10kV开关装置完成。根据变电站的位置，其开关装置可能是室外或室内的。6-10kV变电站的馈线和输出线主要为35-220kV架空线型变电站。在架设和布线变电站时，主要关注给定生产的可靠和经济的供电。变电站通过工业方法建造，使用在电气工程组织的现场商店和电气工程行业的工厂制造的大块和组件。变电站通常设计用于无需值班人员持续参与的操作，但使用基本自动和信号装置。在建设变电站的结构部件时，建议使用由弯曲部分制成的轻质工业结构和元件（面板，地板等）。这些元件在安装区域外预制，仅在现场组装这大大降低了施工的条件和成本。变电站的基本电路概念是在设计企业电源系统时选择的。变电站具有初级电压输入，变压器和输出电缆线路或次级电压的电流导线。变送器由以下设备和元件安装。可能的组合数量的设备和元件是非常大的。当阐述一个变电站电路时，有必要争取最大限度的简化并减少开关设备的数量。这些变电站更可靠和经济。通过使用自动封闭或自动切换来简化电路的切换预留设施，可以快速无误地冗余各个元素和使用设备。在为所有电压设计工业企业的变电站时，应考虑以下基本考虑事项：1.仅使用双母线系统的单母线系统的优选用途仅用于确保可靠和经济的电力供应;2.广泛使用组合式建筑和热水器变电站;3.实际使用自动化和遥测技术;如果变电站设计没有设想使用自动化或遥测技术，则电路布局方便将来添加此类设备，而无需过多投资和重新工作。4.使用简单而便宜的设备-隔离开关，短路开关，负载隔离开关，熔断器，充分考虑其开关能力，可以大大减少对昂贵和关键的油，真空，螺线管和空气开关的需求。变电站并且开关装置电路是这样制造的，即使用每条生产线的设备从各个变压器，组件，线路馈送，以允许其与机构同时断开而不中断相邻生产流程的操作。在详细描述变电站的电路时，最重要的任务是正确选择和布置开关设备（开关，隔离器，限流器，避雷器，高压熔断器）。这个决定取决于变电站的目的，功率和重要性。电力系统变电站是电力系统中不可或缺的重要组成部分，它承担了电网安全转换和分配任务，经济运行起着决定性作用，是联系用户的发电厂和中间环节。随着经济的发展，电网容量的不断扩大，电网运行的可靠性要求越来越高。开发科技，智能开关，光电式电流电压互感器，运行状态检测，培训模拟变电站操作成熟等高新技术，以及光纤技术，计算机高速网络系统等开发实时应用，势必对现有的变电站自动化技术产生深远的影响，是全数字化变电站自动化系统的发展趋势。电力系统是由生产，传输，分配和消耗各种功率的电力设备组成的。由于无法储存大量的电力，我们必须确保电力和能源生产的平衡。随着我国科技发展的科技进步达到一定水平。智能开关，光电电流和电压互感器，运行状态检测，培训模拟变电站操作等高新技术，以及光纤技术，计算机高速网络系统在实时应用开发中，显着提高了自动化的转化程度。我们的变电站电缆方案的设计趋向于简单，许多国内最近新建的220kV变电站和110