商志英语笔记

商志笔记第第页（04年第三篇阅读）Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy."I'magoodeconomicindicator,"shesays."Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars."SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard'sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus."Idon'tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too"shesays.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,（总述）lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.（分述一）FromcardealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.（分述二）Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime.（分述三）Already,expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear'space.（分水岭）Butdon'tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospects,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.（整个第二段讲了两句话，分水岭前后。）Consumerssaythey'renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.【（总述）Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.（分述一）InManhattan,"there'sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,"saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.（分述二）InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets.（分述三）"Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,"saysjohnDeadly,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.】（分水岭）Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.（以上四个句子【】是一个意思：在大多数地区房价保持稳定。这一段的主旨：causesofconsumers’notbeingdesperateinfaceoftheslowdown.）【（总述）Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.（分述一）Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.（分述二）Employerswouldn'tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.（分述三）Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,whichinvestorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.】Dinersmightseeanupside,too.GettingatableatManhattan'shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantneedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting.笔记：Appreciatedoing 感激某人做……Suggestthat(should)……Suspend 暂停；延缓Whenitcomestoslowingeconomy……一提到……Whenitcomesto+名词词组+主谓……Whenitcomesto……的作用：引出全文的主题Whenitcomesto……在写作中的应用：Whenitcomesto+作文主题，（不同的人有不同的观点）opinionsvary.考研英语试卷：1：完型（10%）2：阅读（60%）（partA：40%；partB：10%；partC：10%）3：写作（30%）Sometendtoclaimthat…… 一些人认为Others,however,mayargue/contendthat…… 然而，另一些人认为Iamstronglyconvincedthat…… 我强烈认为/相信；科学家一直相信：Scientistshavebeenconvincedthat……重要补充：1.Beconvincedthat…………认为、相信2.Hold、claim、argue、contend都表示认为/主张3.写作例句：一些人认为……另一些人认为……Whilemanyseemtoholdthat……othersmightcontendthat……（While__，__）4.Seemto、tendto、may/might、can/could专门用于主谓之间，制造抽象的感觉主谓之间的插入成分：1.从句2.-ed、-ing、to…、adj…、prep…（从句中省略whichis/arewhois/are）3.Seemto、tendto、may/might、can/could4.双逗号结构、双破折号结构Somepeople->some、Manypeople->many、Fewpeople->few、Thesepeople->these、Thosepeople->those(e.g.：manyareperplexed困惑的，糊涂的that……)beperplexed困惑的，糊涂的that……=bepuzzled=beconfused……人：those(who/whose……)日本人：thosewhoarefromJapan普通大学毕业生：thosewhograduatedfromaverageuniversities(普通大学：averageuniversities；名校：topuniversities；班级中的一般学生：averagestudents，尖子生：topstudents)。有时做噩梦的人：Thosewhosometimeshavebaddreams.姓氏始于字母表后半部分的人：Thosewhosesurnamebeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.Slowing、falling、fading、declining+economy：减速的、放缓的经济/日益下跌的、越来越低的经济/消退的经济/下滑的、衰退的、走下坡路的经济Fallingtransportationandcommunication（押韵：Noinvesting,noharvesting.没有投资就没有收获；Noeffect,nocomfort.）costs.日益下跌的交通与通信支出Fadingdistinctionbetweencapitalismandsocialism.资本主义与社会主义之间逐渐消失的区别。FadingcompetitivenessofU.S.economy.（美国经济逐渐消失的竞争力）VSgrowingcompetitivenessofemergingeconomies.（新兴国家的经济与日俱增的竞争力）emergingcountries新兴国家emergingeconomies新兴国家的经济While天大isnowonthedecline,浙大isnowontherise.（百货商店）of19thcenturyoweditsemergence（emerge）tothecultureofconsumption.在作者看来，十九世纪的百货商店将其出现归因于消费文化。Emergingcountries新兴国家Emergingeconomies新兴经济体Emergency紧急事件thesofteningeconomy疲软的经济theslowdowntheeconomyiscooling."Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars."在阅读理解中，引号里面的内容可以直接跳过（避开干扰信息）。但是当引号出现在段首句时，需要读。在写作时，“……”，saysDr.xxx,a47-year-oldsociologyprofessoratFuDanUniversity.直接引语+倒装SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard'sdepartmentstore（百货商店）nearhersuburban（suburb郊区suburban郊区的）Clevelandhome,insteadof（而不是）NeimanMarcus.Downscalingscale规模downscale减小规模主谓……,-ing/-ing,主谓…….当一个主语做了两个或两个以上动作时，其中一个动作作谓语，其他动作使用-ing形式（做伴随状语）。例句：今天早上她早早起床，匆匆去了机场：Shegotupearlythismorning,goingtoairporthurriedly.或者Gettingupearlythismorning,shewenttoairporthurriedly.（克林顿总统）Declaring（宣布=announce）thathewasopposedtousingthisunusual（特殊的、特别的）animalhusbandry（繁育）techniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederal（联邦的）funds（should）notbeusedforsuchanexperiment——althoughnoonehadproposed（建议）todoso——andasked（和ordered并列）anindependentpanel（专家组）ofexperts（省略了whichwas）chairedbyPrincetonPresident（大学校长）HaroldShapirotoreportback（汇报）totheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.Opposeto=beopposedto反对Iopposetoyou=Iamopposedtoyou.Orderthat(should)；Insistthat(should)；Propose（建议）that(should)；Suggestthat(should)FBI：FederalBureauofInvestigation美国联邦调查局FederalCourt联邦法院U.S.FederalReserve美联储Liar说谎的人lie说谎、谎言Allegation（贬义）断言Rumor谣言在阅读理解中，双破折号之间的部分不读。当一个主语做了两个以上（>=3）动作时，可以使用and连接其中两个。名词的扩展：变成一个名词词组+定语从句/-ed、-ing、To…、adj…、prep…（从句中省略whichis/arewhois/are）Panel专家组President大学校长、公司总裁、银行行长、国家元首Chair领导、主持with（=alongwith=coupledwith=combinedwith=togetherwith）一并、一起，可以在句子中作补充成分recommendation建议=propose终极归纳：怎样把一个简单句子变复杂：①让一个主语多做几个动作；②在句子中加入双破折号结构；③名词的扩展（每个有名词的地方都可以变成一个名词词组+定语从句/-ed、-ing、to…、adj…、prep…）；④在句子后面加with结构，表示伴随结构；！！！写作长难句终极归纳：【多变化】①用词多变化（同义词替换）；②标点多变化；③句式多变化（强调、倒装、it作形式主语、被动语态）【引导成分】①从句；②-ed、-ing、To…、adj…、prep…（作状语，不是whichis/arewhois/are的上略）；③独立主格结构；④副词【主语】【名词的扩展】变成一个名词词组+定语从句/-ed、-ing、To…、adj…、prep…（从句中省略whichis/arewhois/are）【插入成分】①从句；②-ed、-ing、to…、adj…、prep…（从句中省略whichis/arewhois/are）；③Seemto、tendto、may/might、can/could；④双逗号结构、双破折号结构【谓语】【多个动作】让一个主语多做几个动作，当一个主语做了两个动作时，其中一个动作作谓语，其他动作使用-ing形式（做伴随状语），当一个主语做了两个以上（>=3）动作时，可以使用and连接其中两个【补充成分】①从句；②-ed、-ing、to…、adj、prep（从句中省略whichis/arewhois/are）；③with=alongwith=coupledwith=combinedwith=togetherwith③变异（主谓，补充成分。补充成分：1.从句（非限定性）；2.-ed、-ing、to…、adj、prep（伴随状语）；3.独立主格结构；4.名词短语（同位语））Hearingallegations（断言allege动词）ofcruelty（cruel残忍的，cruelty残忍）toanimalsinresearchsettings（环境）,manyareperplexed（=bepuzzled=beconfused）thatanyonewoulddeliberately（故意地，蓄意地）harmananimal.听到在研究环境中残忍对待动物的断言，许多人们都感到困惑，有人在故意伤害动物。Scientistshavebeenperplexedthat……名词of结构：allegation(of...)AofB结构Oppose反对（v）；opposite对立的，相反的opposition反对，对立（n）Entirely完全，彻底EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmission（admit承认，允许进入；否认deny；admission承认，允许进入；freeadmission；Noadmission,Japaneseanddogs.）（名词的扩展）thatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.：即使在当局承认美国过热的经济正在变冷之前，许多工作的人们已经看看到了经济下滑的迹象。Evenbefore_名词（组）,主谓……（过去完成时）EvenbeforelastFriday,即使在星期五之前red-hoteconomy过热的经济AlanGreenspan艾伦-格林斯潘（前任美联储主席）；翻译成官方、当局BenBernanke本-伯南克（现任美联储主席）Folks=people人们Sign迹象，兆头瑞雪Heavysnowisagoodsignofaharvestingyear.丰年；大雨heavyrainFromcardealershipstoGapoutlets,sales（销量）havebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending（=downscale降低消费规模减少支出）.Cardealership汽车经销商dealer交易Lag滞后，拖后腿，徘徊不前Leg腿From初一to大三Englishhasbeenlaggingforyear.从大一到大三英语数年来徘徊不前，拖后腿。GapoutletGap便利店Fastfoodoutlet快餐店Generationgap代沟As因为Temper脾气（这个意思不考）temperament气质Temper减轻，缓和As用法①表示比较as……as、notas……as；②表示原因；③表示时间，当=when；④表示“随着”；Asoursocietydevelops,Englishbecomeincreasinglyimportant.⑤表示尽管、虽然，必须使用倒装。尽管这幅图画乍一看显得很普通，但是它有很深刻的含义。Simpleastheaboveimagemayappear,itsintendedmeaninggoesundoubtedly（毫无疑问）far（修饰比较级）deeper.Upset使难过，upsetting令人难过的，令人痛心的Parallel类似的事情Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranother（一波又一波）trytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.今天当科学家一波又一波地努力使我们认识到全球气候变暖的越来越大的威胁时，类似的令人痛心的事情还有很多。Awakensbtosth使某人认识到……写作例句：我们应该使公众认识到这种事情/情形的严重性：Weshouldawakenthegeneralpublictotheseverityofsuchapressingsituation.考研写作，表述原因使用since、for、as；表示时间用as写作中举例的方法：thereareupsettingparallelstoday,andoneofacquaintancesmayserveasacaseinpoint.（我的一个熟人就可以作为一个很好的例子）Mayserveas=isForretailers（零售商，wholesaler批发商，wholesale批发）,wholastyeartookin（取得、赚取）24percentoftheirrevenue（年收入）betweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproach（方式、方法）（=temperone’sspending=downscale）iscomingatacrucialtime.对于（在去年的感恩节和圣诞节之间的一个多月的时间内赚取年收入的24%的）零售商来说，这种小心谨慎的（消费）方式来的真不是时候。Scientificapproach科学的方法Crudeapproach粗放型的方法Intensiveapproach深入细致的、集约型的方法cautiousapproach小心的、谨慎的方法crucial关键的……iscomingatcrucialtime.……来的真不是时候。或者……来的真是时候！！！总分结构：总述——分述——分述——分述——……在一段中有一句话是概括性的描述，其余都是分述，都是对总述的具体化Already,expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear'space.专家早已经说，假期销售额和去年相比下降了7%。Holdsteady（数值，指数）保持稳定Butdon'tsound（听）anyalarms（报警，警报）justyet.（notjustyet尚未，还没有）Consumersseemmildlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospects,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.Mildlyconcerned（温和地关切，不是特别着急）beconcerned担忧，关切。Wild狂野的Panic恐慌Anindependentpanelofexperts一个独立的专家组Remainoptimistic保持乐观Long-term长期的~effect长期的效果~development长期的发展Sustainabledevelopment可持续发展Prospect前景，未来Evenas=evenwhen即使当……时dosomemodest（中等的，一般的）belt-tightening稍稍、适度勒紧腰带Themodestlyeducated受到一般教育的人表明公众对经济不景气的态度的词汇（多变化）：notbiteone’snail;notpanic;seemmildlyconcerned;remainoptimistic;notindespair.Consumerssaythey'renotindespair（绝望）because,despitethedreadful（可怕的）headlines（新闻报道）,（插入成分）theirownfortunes（财产，财富）stillfeelprettygood.Fame（名声，声誉）andfortune名利Despite名词（组），主谓Inspiteof_名词（组），主谓Given名词（组），主谓尽管、虽然Despair绝望，desperate绝望的Fame-famousfortune-fortunatelyPretty=fairly=rather=quite相当Given__,……=Inspite……=Despite尽管，虽然Thedisadvantaged弱势群体Fold折叠unfold打开Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboastabout（自豪，骄傲）oflate（最近）.尽管有这些不足之处，中央银行的银行家们似乎有很多值得骄傲的地方。oflate=recently=lately最近写作例句：先谈缺点，然后Givenallthesedisadvantages,itseemstohaveavarietyofstrengths.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.feelprettycomfortableaboutone’sabilitytodosth.对某人做某事的能力感到有把握。predominantly占主导地位地；显著地；占优势地=primarily=mostly=chiefly=mainlyFeedby由……供给Therushtogoabroad出国热Therushtoputcomputersinclassroom多媒体教学热Goldrush比喻盲目的、不理性的狂热（和gold无关）InManhattan,"there'sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,（变异）"saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.主谓+补充成分。补充成分：1.从句（限定性）；2.-ed、-ing、to…、adj、prep（从句中省略whichis/arewhois/are）。变异：主谓，补充成分。补充成分：1.从句（非限定性）；2.-ed、-ing、to…、adj、prep（伴随状语）；3.独立主格结构；4.名词短语（同位语）。Bonuses分红，红利Anaveragestudentspends$70weekly,predominantlyfedbytheirfamily.Realestate房地产Ventureinvestment风险投资Adventure风险，冒险Stock股票，储存Outofstock卖光，脱销Stockingdevice存储装置，存储设备Stockexchange交易，交换，交流Stockmarketswings股市波动InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets.Quiet安静下来，偃旗息鼓，安静的Frenzied=crazy狂热的，疯狂的Bid投标，竞标Overbidding在投标时出价过高Broker经纪人Bay海湾，湾Potential潜在的，可能的，潜力Potentialbuyer/client/