语法总复习-不定式to-do-用法归纳一(公开课课件)

分析下面的不定式在句子中作什么成分1Toseeistobelieve.2Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.3Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.4Shewasverybusyandhadnotime

tovisitherfriends.5Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)

tobeheard.主语宾语表语宾补定语状语归纳：todo在句子中可做：主、宾、表、补、定、状第一页第二页，共22页。不定式（一）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.2.Tocatchthe5:00busearlyinthemorningisnotagoodidea.3.It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.4.Itisnotagoodideatocatchthe5：00busearlyinthemorning.归纳：不定式作主语，表示具体的某次动作。若不定式结构比较复杂，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子的后面。高考链接(1)(真题改编·山东)It'sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone________(employ)asecurityofficer.toemploy第二页第三页，共22页。（二）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.2.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.3.Mywishistobecomeateacher．归纳：不定式作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。其主语常常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。练习：Yourjobtodayis________(clean)theplayground.toclean第三页第四页，共22页。（三）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.2.Hecan'taffordtobuytheexpensivecar.3.Ithinkitusefultolearnaforeignlanguage.4.Ifeelitmydutytosaythatyouarewrong.归纳：1.不定式作宾语，常跟在某些动词后。不定式作宾语动词口诀决心学会选计划，拒绝答应想假装；主动设法愿希望，同意请求帮一帮；准备威胁易声称，渴望申请败踌躇。其对应的动词分别为：decide/determine,learn,choose,plan,refuse,promise,want/attempt,pretend,offer,manage,expect/wish/hope,agree,ask/beg,help,prepare,threaten,tend,claim,desire/long,apply,fail,hesitate。固定搭配第四页第五页，共22页。2.若不定式结构比较复杂，通常用it作形式宾语，真正的主语放在句子的后面，该用法常见的动词有think,find,make,believe,consider,suppose,feel等。It形式宾语结构：主语+谓语+it+adj./n.+todosth第五页第六页，共22页。3.一些动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，但是两种情况下的语义不同。remembertodosth.记住要做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事regrettodosth.对将要做的事抱歉regretdoingsth.对发生过的事后悔trytodosth.设法……，试图……trydoingsth.试试看，试一试meantodosth.打算做……meandoingsth.意味着stoptodosth.停下来做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某件事第六页第七页，共22页。(补充)接doing形式的动词及短语1.动名词作宾语：

finishdoingsth.完成做某事；enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事；practicedoingsth.练习做某事；imaginedoing,想象做某事；avoiddoingsth.避免做某事；considerdoingsth.考虑做某事；suggestdoingsth.建议做某事；minddoingsth.介意做某事；keepdoingsth.持续做某事2.固定短语：feellikedoingsth.喜欢做某事；bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事；beworthdoing值得做某事；havefundoing.做某事高兴spend…(in)doingsth.花费（时间、金钱）做某事；havedifficulties/trouble/problems（in）doingsth做某事有困难；第七页第八页，共22页。练习：1.Shehadagreed________(go)andseeamoviewithhim.2.Themandownstairsfounditdifficult___________(get)tosleep.3.—I'msorry,butIdidn'tmean________outyoursecret.—Butyouknow,lettingoutone'ssecretmeans________one'sfeelings.A．tolet;tohurtB．letting;hurtingC．tolet;hurting D．letting;tohurttogotogetC第八页第九页，共22页。（四）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Theytoldhimnottobelateagain.2.Theparentsdon'tallowtheirchildrentogooutatnight.3.Sheinvitedmetohavedinnerwithheryesterday．归纳1：不定式在某些动词后作宾补要保留to,如例1、2、3。常见动词有tell,advise,allow,ask,expect,force,want,teach,wish,persuade等。【如：asksbtodo】第九页第十页，共22页。4.Iheardhersingtoday．Shesangwonderfully．5.Shewasheard

tosingtoday．6.Isawhimentertheroom.7.Hewasseen

toentertheroom.8.Don’tmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.9.Theworkersweremade

towork10hoursaday.归纳2：不定式在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补要省略to,和宾语是主谓关系，强调动作的全过程，如例句4、6、8；但变为被动语态时，to不能省略，如例句5、7、9。常见动词有feel（一感），listento，hear（二听），let，make，have（三让），lookat，see，watch，notice（四看）。【主动无to，被动有to】第十页第十一页，共22页。练习：1.Theyweremade______(work)thewholenight.2.Ihaveheardhim________(speak)

aboutyouoften.3.Idecided________(write)ratherthantotelephone.4.Myfathergotme________(wash)alltheclotheslastnight.5.Thechildrenwereseen________(run)downthestreet.6.Ourteacheradvisesus________(read)aloudeveryday.7.Thecatwatchedthemouse________(slide)intothehousebutdidnothing.

speaktoworktowritetowashtoruntoreadslide第十一页第十二页，共22页。（五）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Letusgivehimsomethingtoeat.2.Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.3.AreyougoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldnextMonday?4.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.5.DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?6.Ihavenochancetogosightseeing.归纳：1.不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。2.名词前有first,last,next,only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用不定式。3.抽象名词attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,way或不定代词something,nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语，第十二页第十三页，共22页。练习1.Theairport________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.2.Doyouhaveanything__________(do)tonight?tobecompletdtodo第十三页第十四页，共22页。（五）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Toseedistantpeopleclearly,hehastowearglasses.2.Theytookmeawayfrommyworkjusttoaskmesomequestions.3.Whathashedonetomakeyousohappy?4.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.5.Shewasnotsostupidtodothat.6.Iworkedhardonlytofailatlast.7.ThereisnodoubtthatMrs.Liwillbegladtolookaftertheboy.归纳：动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等。作目的状语。通常放在句末；为了强调目的或意义，也可放在句首；作结果状语，可用于enoughto,so...asto,such...asto,onlyto...以及too...to等结构中。第十四页第十五页，共22页。练习：1.________(catch)theearlyflight，weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.2.________(workout)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.3.________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.4.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only________(find)itdidn'tfit.5.Hisfatherpassedaway,only_______(leave)himalittlemoney.6.Sheistooweak________（join）tojoinusintheouting.TocatchToworkoutTolearntofindleavingtojoin第十五页第十六页，共22页。三、不定式和疑问词连用1.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.2.Thequestionishowtodothejobwell.3.Hetoldmewheretofindthebook.归纳：疑问词“what,how,when,where,which＋动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语和宾语等。高考链接1.—It'snousehavingideasonly.—Don'tworry.Petercanshowyou________toturnanideaintoanact.how第十六页第十七页，共22页。一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词后面发生，进行式表示动作正在进行，完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。否定式：nottodo主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing

第十七页第十八页，共22页。五熟记三种结构1.Theyhadnochoicebuttomove.2.Hecoulddonothingbutwaitforthebus.3.IthurtsomuchthatIcouldn'thelpbutcryoutinpain.

归纳：1.havenochoicebuttodo没有选择，只能做..2.can/coulddonothingbu