语法填空-针对学生实际的备考方法探讨

TeachingObjectsToanalyze:CommonmistakesPossiblereasonsPossiblesolutions第一页第二页，共22页。Heisstudent.Heintheclassroomstudy.Hebybiketogotoschool.Heisreadingunderthesun.Therearemanystudentsstudyintheclassroom.Becausehegotuplate,sohecouldn’tcatchthebus.Myhometownhappenedgreatchanges.Grammarornot？母语影响大语法观念淡薄第二页第三页，共22页。

“语法填空”要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后完成10项语法填空。内容包括根据句子的语法结构和上下文连贯的要求

填入适当的词语；或

使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。“语法填空”考查考生在上理解并应用语法知识的能力，考试采用填空的形式，而不是选择填空。“语法填空”要求考生必须具备较好的能力，而不只是语法辨析能力。[题型说明]

语法填空语篇层面语法分析第三页第四页，共22页。考查学生是否能理清句子结构的语法性和句子意义的逻辑性。需分析:

句子的构成成分（包括句子的基本成分和扩展成分）；

句子成分之间的一致性，比如，主谓一致、时态一致等；

句子的篇章制约;

句子的意义制约。[考点分析]语境+语法第四页第五页，共22页。句子结构的构成：非谓语动词(扩展成分)句子的篇章制约：代词指称句子的意义制约：语境意义Thirty-twopeoplewatchedKittyGenovese1

beingkilled(kill)rightbelowtheirwindows.Shewas2theirneighbor.Yet3noneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.第五页第六页，共22页。IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31_______(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32______shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme33_____aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme34_______(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto35_______smalltownsome20kilometresaway36_______therewasagarage.Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess'scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.37_______villagersbroughtmegoat'scheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked38_______(merry)tillfarintothenight.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman39_______thetroubleIhadcaused40_____.brokewhoassettledawhereOthermerrilyforher句子结构：谓语wasbroken(34);broken(25);句子结构：分句层次Whom（36）句子结构：扩展成份（意义制约）with(13);for(9);句子结构：扩展成份tosettle(27);settle(20);意义制约the(40);句子结构：分句层次from(32);because(13);篇章制约：代词指称The(45);Some(40;merried(9);merries(6);句子结构：扩展成份what(12);…篇章制约：代词指称to(37);before(25);句子结构：词类转换第六页第七页，共22页。ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople’sdailylife.31________theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop32________(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.Itissaidthatashort—temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960—1279)wasveryanxioustohelp33______ricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout34_______dayandnight.Butthecropwasgrowingmuchslowerthanheexpected.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea35________hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytired36_____doingthisforawholeday,37_____hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”38________(high).Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir39__________(nature)course.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40__________(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.Behindtohelphisthisthatafterbuthighernaturalresults意义制约：意义关系In(37);And(24);扩展成份；意义制约helps(21);helping(7);篇章制约the(61);篇章制约it(109);句子结构：分句层次which(5);意义制约：语境意义of(52);to(13);意义制约：分句逻辑意义关系and(2);语境意义；构词highly(17);句子结构：词类转换nature(4);naturely(3);句子结构：谓语resulted(33);result(11);第七页第八页，共22页。上下文的线索，篇章的连贯。没联系上下文；或联系脱节。语境意识不强。代词(pronoun)07年37题：Othervillagersbroughtmegoat’scheeseandhoney.

40题：…thetroubleIhadcausedher.08年33题：…anxioustohelphisricecropgrowupquickly.

34题：Hewasthinkingaboutthis

dayandnight.第八页第九页，共22页。均属句子的扩展成份。意义制约固定短语必须能运用自如介词（preposition)07年33题：receivingmeasaguest

39题：Iwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetrouble….08年31题：Behind

theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.36题：Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday.第九页第十页，共22页。从句(clause)07年32题：…werearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonorof….

36题：…asmalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.08年35题：…hecameupwithanideathathewouldpluckup….一般考关联词；找出谓语动词；分清楚句子层次；理清分句关系；克服干扰，划掉修饰成分第十页第十一页，共22页。学会分辨各个非谓语形式所表达的基本意义惯用表达(例只能接动名词作宾语的；只能接不定式作宾语;动词接不同的非谓语形式作宾补的不同意义等）动词的基本用法（例是否及物动词）非谓语动词（Non-predicateverbs)07年34题：Whileshewasgettingmesettled(settle)into….08年32题：…“pluckingupacroptohelp(help)itgrow”,…第十一页第十二页，共22页。时态、语态、主谓一致基本时态：一般现在，过去，将来及进行和完成形式（共9种）和它们各自的被动形式。不规则动词的变化形式。谓语动词(predicateverbs)07年31题：…whenmycarbroke(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.08年40题：Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoftenresults

(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.第十二页第十三页，共22页。构词(word-formation)07年38题：Wedranktogetherandtalkedmerrily(merry)tillfarintothenight.08年38题：…hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher

(high).

39题：…letthingsgointheirnatural(nature)course.规则较多;容易混淆，随意变化词汇知识不扎实。熟悉四会单词的意义、拼写和词性。掌握基本的词形转换。第十三页第十四页，共22页。冠词(article)07年35题：…topullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresaway…除特殊用法外，分清泛指和特指是关键。意义理解上下文第十四页第十五页，共22页。并列连词(conjunction)08年37题：Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.比较容易；关键是理清分句的关系谓语动词第十五页第十六页，共22页。盲点：1.篇章的连贯；上下文的呼应；只见树木不见森林。缺乏语篇连贯理解的习惯，语境意识不强。Possiblesolution:瞻前顾后；遇到要填介词或代词的题的时候更加要注意从总体上把握全文；从上下文中去找答案