冲刺2024年高考英语真题重组卷012

冲刺2024年高考英语真题重组卷（天津专用）真题重组卷01第Ⅰ卷注意事项:1.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。2.本卷共55小题,共95分。第一部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例:Standoverthere______you’llbeabletoseeitbetter.A.orB.andC.butD.while答案是B。1．（2022·天津·高考真题）—Iworkedonyourcarthewholenight.Howisitrunning?—Itisrunninggreat!_____________.Youweresuchabighelp!A．It’sapity B．Icouldn’tagreemoreC．Forgetit D．Icanhardlythankyouenough【答案】D【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我整晚都在你的车上工作。它是如何运行的？——运行良好！太感谢您了。你真是帮了个大忙！A.It’sapity太可惜啦；B.Icouldn’tagreemore我非常同意；C.Forgetit算了吧，休想；D.Icanhardlythankyouenough太感谢您了。根据Itisrunninggreat!可知，此处向对方表示感谢，Icanhardlythankyouenough.意为“太感谢您了”，符合语境。故选D项。2．（2022·天津·高考真题）Foodandmedicalsupplies________toalltheresidentsafterthehurricanelastSunday.A．distribute B．distributedC．aredistributed D．weredistributed【答案】D【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知，Foodandmedicalsupplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态bedistributed；根据后文lastSunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。故选D项。3．（2021·天津·高考真题）IwantedtomakedumplingsbutfoundIhad________flour,soIwentouttobuysome.A．madeupfor B．runoutofC．keptawayfrom D．gotdownto【答案】B【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A.madeupfor弥补；B.runoutof用完，用尽；C.keptawayfrom远离，回避；D.gotdownto开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。4．（2021·天津·高考真题）Feelingfearfulishealthy________ithelpsyouslowdownandevaluaterisksproperly.A．because B．until C．before D．although【答案】A【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：感到恐惧是有益于健康的，因为它能帮助你慢下来，正确评估风险。A.because因为；B.until直到；C.before在……之前；D.although虽然。根据语境，主句提到healthy（有益于健康的），连词引导的从句部分则在具体描述为何说是有益于健康的，这是一个原因状语从句，适用because（因为）引导，故选A。5．（2020·天津·高考真题）Jimsayswe______stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.A．must B．can C．need D．should【答案】B【详解】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A.must必须；B.can能，可以；C.need需要；D.should应该。根据后面的“aslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。6．（2020·天津·高考真题）______uspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggestedreadingthroughournotes.A．Tohelp B．Helped C．Helping D．Beinghelped【答案】A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知，老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的，应用动词不定式。故选A。7．（2020·天津·高考真题）Dr.Rowan,______secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.A．whose B．ofwhom C．ofwhich D．which【答案】A【详解】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______secretaryresignedtwoweeksago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr.Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr.Rowan’s”，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。8．（2019·天津·高考真题）Wecanobservethatartificialintelligencehasalreadymadea(n)________onourlivesinmanyways.A．statement B．impactC．impression D．judgment【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。A.statement陈述说明；B.impact影响，效果；C.impression印象；D.judgment判断。故选B符合语境。9．（2019·天津·高考真题）Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey________thetaskinhalfthetime.A．acplished B．hadacplishedC．wouldacplish D．wouldhaveacplished【答案】D【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句theworkerswerenotbetterorganized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would,could,might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。10．（2019·天津·高考真题）Adog’seatinghabitrequiresregulartrainingbeforeitis________established.A．properly B．widelyC．originally D．temporarily【答案】A【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前，需要定期的训练。A.properly正确地；B.widely广泛地；C.originally最初；D.temporarily临时地。狗的饮食习惯不可能是被“广泛地、最初地、临时地”建立，故选A。11．（2022·天津·高考真题）________weachievegreatsuccessinourwork,weshouldnotbetooproud.A．Eversince B．Evenif C．Incase D．Asthough【答案】B【详解】考查状语从句。句意：即使在工作中取得巨大成功，我们也不应该骄傲。A.Eversince自从；B.Evenif即使，尽管；C.Incase以免；D.Asthough好像。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导状语从句，结合句意可知，两个句子之间为让步关系，evenif意为“即使，尽管”符合语境。故选B项。12．（2022·天津·高考真题）Whenpeoplearedepressed,someexperiencealossof________whileotherscan’tstopeating.A．appetite B．power C．memory D．sight【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们郁闷时，有些人会失去食欲，而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。A.appetite食欲；B.power权利；C.memory记忆；D.sight视力。结合后文whileotherscan’tstopeating表示对比，可知，前文表意与暴饮暴食相反，即毫无食欲。A项符合句意。故选A项。13．（2022·天津·高考真题）Mentalhealthinvolves________youprocessthingssuchasstressandanxiety.A．how B．what C．why D．which【答案】A【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的宾语从句作谓语动词involves的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，根据句意可知，表示“如何，怎样”的连词how符合句意。故选A项。14．（2021·天津·高考真题）It’sagoodideatochoosea(n)________destinationincaseyourfirstchoicetouristspotisnotavailable.A．annual B．exact C．alternative D．pleasant【答案】C【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你首选的旅游景点没有了，选择一个替代目的地是一个好主意。A.annual年度的；B.exact准确的；C.alternative替代的；D.pleasant令人愉快的。根据后文“destinationincaseyourfirstchoicetouristspotisnotavailable”可知此处指替代目的地，应用alternative。故选C。15．（2021·天津·高考真题）NowadaysmanypeopletravelacrossChina________highspeedtrains.A．onbehalfof B．bymeansofC．atcostof D．intermsof【答案】B【详解】考查固定短语。句意：如今，许多人乘高铁在中国各地旅行。A.onbehalfof代表，为了；B.bymeansof用，依靠，借助于；C.atcostof以……为代价；D.intermsof在……方面，依据，按照。分析语境，人们去旅行，用的交通工具是高铁（借助于高铁），仅有B符合语境，故选B。第二节:完形填空(共20小题:每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。（2022·天津·高考真题）WhenIwasinsixthgrade,Ijoinedthebandprogramtolearntoplaytheclarinet(单簧管).Thebeginningoftheyearhadgone16.Butasmoststudentsprogressed,Iseemedtofallbehind.Oneday,whenmyteachertoldustoplayinfrontoftheotherstudents,Iwasfilledwithfear.IknewIwould17.WhenIbegantoplay,myrhythms(节奏)weregood,butmytonewasanother18.“Didyoupracticeyourlesson?”theteacherbarkedatme.Ifeltso19andmyworldcame20downinaninstant.Fromthenon,IhatedplayingtheclarinetandIkeptgetting21.Withthedayofthenewperformanceapproaching,Igrewincreasinglyupset.Inamomentof22,Iaskedforsickleave.Itwassorelievingandsucha(n)23wayout.Theavoidanceofmylessonscontinueduntilmymumaskedmeaboutit.“Iwanttoquit.”Mytearsstarted24.“Ifyoureallywanttoquit,whyareyoucrying?”askedmum.She25andIrealizedIwantedtostayinbandand,bynotfacingmyfears,Ihadcreatedablackholethatwouldbedifficultto26outof.Imadea27nottohidefrommyfearsandtostanduptoeventheworstofthem,soa28couldbeachieved.ThenextdayImetwithmybandteacherandtoldherIwashavingaproblemandcouldn’t29why.Sheaskedmegentlytoplayforher.Itried,butonlyanunpleasantsoundcameout.Shedidn’t30atmeandhandedmeanewreed(簧片).Iputitinplaceandtriedagain.Tomygreat31Icouldplaywell.Myproblemwassolvedandmyfearwas32alotthatyear.33I’mgladthatIovercamemyfear.Fearcan34everythinginaperson’slife.Hidingfromthoseveryfearsonlycreatesahole,whichmakesapersonstay35inside.Afterfacinguptoafear,onemayfindlifeeasierandmuchmoreenjoyable.16．A．badly B．endlessly C．randomly D．smoothly17．A．messup B．moveon C．setout D．takeoff18．A．impression B．essay C．story D．factor19．A．ashamed B．starved C．excited D．relaxed20．A．crashing B．moving C．selling D．bending21．A．stricter B．worse C．happier D．smarter22．A．joy B．panic C．doubt D．sympathy23．A．funny B．important C．easy D．traditional24．A．drying B．disappearing C．flowing D．separating25．A．hadapoint B．madeachange C．reachedalevel D．tookabreak26．A．send B．bring C．pick D．climb27．A．request B．resolution C．presentation D．proposal28．A．balance B．degree C．position D．solution29．A．figureout B．giveaway C．thinkover D．makeup30．A．aim B．smile C．wave D．shout31．A．anger B．sorrow C．disappointment D．surprise32．A．felt B．shown C．removed D．voiced33．A．Carryingon B．Lookingback C．Steppingaside D．Turningaround34．A．consume B．examine C．reflect D．rescue35．A．unknown B．unpunished C．interested D．trapped【答案】16．D17．A18．C19．A20．A21．B22．B23．C24．C25．A26．D27．B28．D29．A30．D31．D32．C33．B34．A35．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为自己单簧管演奏得不好，感到很沮丧，决定逃避，在妈妈的启发下，作者决定面对恐惧，找到老师寻求帮助，最终解决了问题，也战胜了自己的恐惧。16．考查副词词义辨析。句意：年初进展顺利。A.badly严重地；B.endlessly无穷地；C.randomly随机地；D.smoothly顺利地。根据下文“Butasmoststudentsprogressed,Iseemedtofallbehind.”可知，上下文为转折关系，年初进展顺利，但随着大多数学生的进步，我似乎落后了。故选D项。17．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我知道我会搞砸的。A.messup搞砸；B.moveon继续前进；C.setout动身，出发；D.takeoff起飞。根据上文“Iseemedtofallbehind”可知，我似乎落后于其他同学，由此可知，我认为自己演奏的不好，会搞砸的。故选A项。18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始演奏时，我的节奏很好，但我的音调是另一回事。A.impression印象；B.essay散文；C.story故事，情节；D.factor因素。根据上文“Iseemedtofallbehind”可知，我演奏的不好，虽然节奏很好，但演奏不在调上，音调是另一回事，“mytonewasanotherstory”用来描述演奏不在调上。故选C项。19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A.ashamed羞愧的；B.starved饥饿的；C.excited兴奋的；D.relaxed放松的。根据上文“Didyoupracticeyourlesson?”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我为此感到羞愧。故选A项。20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A.crashing崩溃；B.moving移动；C.selling出售；D.bending弯曲。根据上文“Didyoupracticeyourlesson?”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我感到很羞愧，感觉世界瞬间崩溃了。故选A项。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我讨厌吹单簧管，而且越来越糟糕。A.stricter更严格的；B.worse更糟的；C.happier更快乐的；D.smarter更聪明的。根据下文“Igrewincreasinglyupset”可知，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，我的状态越来越糟糕。故选B项。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一阵恐慌中，我请了病假。A.joy喜悦；B.panic恐慌；C.doubt疑惑；D.sympathy同情。根据上文“Ihatedplayingtheclarinet”和“Withthedayofthenewperformanceapproaching,Igrewincreasinglyupset.”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，因为对即将到来的表演感到恐慌，所以我请了病假。故选B项。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种解脱和容易的方式。A.funny有趣的；B.important重要的；C.easy容易的；D.traditional传统的。根据上文“Ihatedplayingtheclarinet”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，由此可知，我请了病假，这是一种让我解脱的容易的方式，我可以不再面对单簧管表演。故选C项。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想退出。”我的眼泪开始流下来。A.drying使变干；B.disappearing消失；C.flowing流动；D.separating使分开。根据下文“whyareyoucrying”可知，我哭了，由此可知，我的眼泪流了下来。故选C项。25．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A.hadapoint有道理；B.madeachange做出改变；C.reachedalevel达到一定水平；D.tookabreak休息一下。根据句中“IrealizedIwantedtostayinbandand”可知，我意识到我想留在乐队里，由此可知，我认为妈妈的话“Ifyoureallywanttoquit,whyareyoucrying?(如果你真的想退出，为什么要哭？)”说得很有道理，如果我真想退出，就不会哭。故选A项。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A.send发送；B.bring带来；C.pick挑选；D.climb爬。根据句中“createdablackhole”可知，我无法面对我的恐惧，就像给自己创造了一个黑洞，很难爬出来。故选D项。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A.request请求；B.resolution正式决定，决心；C.presentation演示；D.proposal提议。根据句中“standuptoeventheworstofthem”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，由此可知，我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧。故选B项。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A.balance平衡；B.degree程度，度数；C.position位置；D.solution解决办法。根据句中“standuptoeventheworstofthem”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，是为了找到解决问题的办法。故选D项。29．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第二天，我见到了我的乐队老师，告诉她我有一个问题，不理解为什么会这样。A.figureout理解，想出；B.giveaway赠送；C.thinkover仔细考虑；D.makeup编造。根据句中“ThenextdayImetwithmybandteacherandtoldherIwashavingaproblem”可知，我把问题告诉老师，由此可知，我不理解为什么会这样，所以才请教老师。故选A项。30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有冲我大喊大叫，递给我一个新簧片。A.aim目的是；B.smile微笑；C.wave挥手；D.shout喊叫。根据句中“Sheaskedmegentlytoplayforher.”可知，老师温柔地让我为她演奏，由此可知，她愿意帮助我解决问题，得知我的问题后，没有冲我大喊大叫。故选D项。31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我非常惊讶的是，我能演奏得很好。A.anger愤怒；B.sorrow悲伤；C.disappointment失望；D.surprise惊讶。根据句中“Icouldplaywell”可知，我之前一直演奏不好，突然能演奏得很好，这令我感到惊讶。故选D项。32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一年，我的问题解决了，我的恐惧消除了很多。A.felt感觉到；B.shown展示；C.removed去除，使消失；D.voiced表达，吐露。根据句中“Myproblemwassolved”可知，我的问题解决了，由此可知，我的恐惧消除了很多，不再那么害怕演奏了。故选C项。33．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。A.Carryingon继续；B.Lookingback回顾，回首往事；C.Steppingaside下台，让位；D.Turningaround转身，调转方向。根据句中“Iovercamemyfear”可知，我克服了恐惧是发生在过去的事，由此可知，句中指回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。故选B项。34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。A.consume消耗；B.examine检查；C.reflect反映；D.rescue营救。根据上文“bynotfacingmyfears,Ihadcreatedablackholethatwouldbedifficultto_____outof”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我陷入困境，无法面对生活，由此可知，恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。故选A项。35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：躲避这些恐惧只会造成一个洞，让人困在里面。A.unknown未知的；B.unpunished未受惩罚的；C.interested感兴趣的；D.trapped受困的。根据上文“bynotfacingmyfears,Ihadcreatedablackholethatwouldbedifficultto_____outof”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞，由此可知，躲避恐惧只会造成一个洞，人被困在里面。故选D项。第二部分:阅读理解(共20小题:每少题2.5分,满分50分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A（2021·天津·高考真题）Whenstartingcollege,moststudentsenjoyaweek'sstayoncampusbeforeclassesactuallybegin.Whatshouldyoudowiththattime?Belowareseveraltipstoease（使熟悉）yourselfintocollegelife.ParticipatinginCampusWeleActivitiesMostuniversitieshostweleeventsbeforetheacademicyearofficiallybegins,includingfreshmenorientations（迎新会），campuspicnics,andentertainmentslikeconcerts.Participatinginsucheventsisagreatwaytolearnaboutschoolfacilitiesandunderstandcampusculture:Whatdostudentsdoforfun?Whataretheirfavoriteclasses?Whatisthehistoryofyouruniversity?Itcanhelpyouobservecampuslifeoutsidetheclassroom.ExploringCampusGettingtoknowwhereessentialcampusresourcesare—suchasthestudentadvisingcenter,psychologicalservices,andthetutoringcenter~~willmakeyourfirstfewweeksoncampusaloteasier,becauseyouwon'thavetolookforthemwhilestillgettingusedtoyourclasses.Takesometimetocheckoutthebuildingswhereyourclasseswillbeheld.Thiswillpreventyoufromgettinglostinthefirstfewdaysofclasses,andfamiliarizeyouwithhowlongittakestogetfromplacetoplace.Ifyou'reworriedabouttakingclassesoneafteranotherindifferentbuildings,aquicktestrunwon'thurt.Thatway,youwillavoidpotentialtimedelaysingettingtoyourclasses.StartingaRoutineBeforegettingtooexcitedaboutallofthefunthingsyouwillbeabletododuringtheweek,rememberthatyoudohaveaprettybigschedulechangeingup.Startingclassesmeansbeingindifferentplacesatdifferenttimes,soit’sagreatideatostartgettingusedtothatroutinerightthisweek.Whathelpsyoumostistoscheduleyoursleep.Followingtheplannedtimewillensureyouhaveenoughsleeptogettothoseearlyclassesandstaywideawake.Ifyouhaveotherdailyroutines,suchasexercisingortalkingonthephonewithfamily,workthoseintoyourdaytodaylifebeforeclassesstartsothatyougetabetterideaofhowtheyfitinwithyourschedule.36．Byparticipatingincampusweleactivities,freshmencan.A．learnaboutcampuscultureB．gettheircoursescheduleC．haveaphysicalexaminationD．takeanentrancetest37．Whyarefreshmenadvisedtohaveaquicktestrunbetweenbuildings?A．Toseehowmanyfacilitiestheycanuse.B．Toavoidbeinglateforfutureclasses.C．Tohelpthosegettinglostoncampus.D．Topracticerunningontheirwaytoclass.38．Whenisitbestforfreshmentostartgettingusedtothenewroutine?A．Onthefirstdayoftheirclasses.B．Beforetheorientationweek.C．Aftertheirfirstdayclasses.D．Duringtheorientationweek.39．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestfreshmendotostayfocusedinclass?A．Takephysicalexercisebeforeclass.B．Leavetheirphonespoweredoff.C．Takeearlyclasseseveryday.D．Keeptothesleepschedule.40．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Tooffersometipsonmakinganeasierstartatcollege.B．Toremindfreshmenaboutthefirstdayofschool.C．Tohelpfreshmenorganizecampusactivities.D．Tosharehiscollegeexperiencewiththereader.【答案】36．A37．B38．D39．D40．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要针对新生真正开学前一周的活动给出一些建议，帮助新生轻松开始大学生活。36．细节理解题。根据ParticipatinginCampusWeleActivities标题下的第二段中“Participatinginsucheventsisagreatwaytolearnaboutschoolfacilitiesandunderstandcampusculture:（参加这些活动是了解学校设施和了解校园文化的好方法）”可知，参加欢迎活动可以了解校园文化，故选择A项。37．细节理解题。根据ExploringCampus标题下的第二段中“Thatway,youwillavoidpotentialtimedelaysingettingtoyourclasses.（那样，你将会避免在去上课时可能出现的延误）”可知，快跑测试，可以避免将来上课迟到，故选择B项。38．细节理解题。根据StartingaRoutine标题下的第一段“Startingclassesmeansbeingindifferentplacesatdifferenttimes,soit’sagreatideatostartgettingusedtothatroutinerightthisweek.（课程开始意味着在不同的时间呆在不同的地方，所以就在这周开始习惯这种常规活动是个好主意）”可知，rightthisweek指的是正式开学前的这一周，也叫orientationweek“迎新周”，故选择D项。39．推理判断题题。根据StartingaRoutine标题下的第二段“Whathelpsyoumostistoscheduleyoursleep.Followingtheplannedtimewillensureyouhaveenoughsleeptogettothoseearlyclassesandstaywideawake.（最有帮助的就是安排好的你的睡眠，按照计划的时间，将确保你有足够的睡眠来参加早上的课程，并保持清醒）”可知，想要保持清醒专注，就要保证睡眠时间。故选择D项。40．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Belowareseveraltipstoease（使熟悉）yourselfintocollegelife.（以下是几个帮你轻松进入大学生活的建议）”可知，作者主要是提出一些轻松开始大学生活的建议。故选择A项。B（2020·天津·高考真题）“Theytellmethatyou’dliketomakeastatue(塑像)ofmeisthatcorrect,MissVinnieReam?”Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.AskingafavorofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswasnocasualmatter,especiallyforaseventeenyearoldgirl.“Yes,sir,”shereplied,herdarkeyesmeetinghis.“Iwouldn’thaveduoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,saysIamready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner.“PresidentLincolnsmiled.“Painters,sculptorsthey’vealltriedtomakethebestofthisordinaryface,butI’mafraidthere’snotmuchhope.Whatdidyouhaveinmind,MissReam?Abust(半身像)?”BeforeVinniecouldsayyes,thePresidenthurriedon,ashadeofapologyinhisvoice.“OfcourseIshouldn’thaveasked.Afulllengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwomanyoursize.“Vinnie’sfaceturnedred.Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.“Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sir,”shedefendedherself.“IwasborninthecountryofWisconsin.I’vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.Makingafulllengthclay(粘土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrengthandthatiswhatIintendtodo!”ThePresident’seyes,brightenedathershowofspirit.“Sorry,madam,IhaveunderestimatedyouasIdidn’tknowyourbackground.”Buthissmilefadedasherubbedhisbeardwithbonyfingers,inthought.“MissReam,”hesighed,“I’dliketoletyoudoit,butasyouknow,weareinthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself.”Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoffice.“Iworkquickly,”shesaid.Hervoicewassoftbutconfidentasshepointedtothecornernearthewindows.“IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehourseveryafternoon,Icouldpletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.”ThePresidentseemedtoconsiderherideaseriously.HegotupandshookVinnie’shandwarmly,“I’veheardthatyouareatalentedyoungwoman,andIhavefoundyoucharmingandintelligentaswell.Icannotmakemydecisionimmediately,butyouwillhearfrommesoon.”Theverynextday,VinniereceivedaninvitationfromthePresident.41．WhatgaveVinnieconfidencetomakeherrequestofPresidentLincoln?A．Heraggressivepersonality.B．Mr.Mills’sencouragingremark.C．PresidentLincoln’sgentlevoice.D．Herinterestinachallengingjob.42．HowdidPresidentLincolnfirstrespondtoVinnie’srequest?A．Pleased.B．Thrilled.C．Regretful.D．Doubtful.43．Vinnieconfirmedherabilitytomakeafulllengthstatuebyhighlighting______.A．herexperiencefromotherprojectsB．herinnocentchildhoodinthecountryC．theheavylaborshehaddonebeforeD．theskillshepickedupinWisconsin44．Vinniewantedtochoosethecornernearthewindowsto______.A．achieveeffectsofnaturallightingB．keepallhertoolswithineasyreachC．observethePresidentatarightangleD．avoiddisturbingthepresident’swork45．Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A．Astrongwilledsoulcanreachhisgoal.B．Experiencehelpstopromoteexcellence.C．Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.D．Devotionrequiresenthusiasm.【答案】41．B42．D43．C44．D45．A【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了VinnieReam向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。41．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Iwouldn'thavedaredtoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,saysIamready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner.“可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。42．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“OfcourseIshouldn'thaveasked.Afulllengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwomanyoursize.”可知，当然我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。43．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“I'vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.MakingafulllengthclayfigurewouldnotexhaustmystrengthandthisiswhatIintendtodo!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。44．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“MissReam,”hesighed,“I'dliketoletyoudoit,butasyouknow,weareinthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself.“可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的“Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoffice.“Iworkquickly,”shesaid.Hervoicewassoftbutconfidentasshepointedtothecornernearthewindows.“IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehourseveryafternoon,Icouldpletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.”可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。“我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。“如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。45．推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了VinnieReam向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。C（2019·天津·高考真题）Howdoesanecosystem(生态系统)work?Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(灭绝)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbeesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftopdowncontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearlywarningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssay,becauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(临界点),itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.46．Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?A．Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.B．Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.C．Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.D．Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.47．Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator________.A．hasawidefoodchoiceB．caneasilyfindnewpreyC．stickstoonepreyspeciesD．canquicklymovetoanotherplace48．Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline?A．Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.B．Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.C．Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.D．Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.49．WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4?A．Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.B．Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.C．Speciesofmercialvaluedominateotherspecies.D．Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.50．Howdoesanearlywarningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance?A．Bygettingillegalpracticesundercontrol.B．Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.C．Bybringingthebrokendownecosystemsbacktonormal.D．Bysignalingtheurgentneedfortakingpreventiveaction.【答案】46．B47．C48．D49．A50．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些食物网运行的关键原则。科学家们说一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。科学家们已经建立了一个基于数学模型的预警系统，该系统将会发出信号告诉我们人类活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，允许我们采取措施将生态系统从边缘拉回来。46．细节理解题。根据第二段中Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选B。47．细节理解题。根据第二段中Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。48．推理判断题。根据第二段中Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。故选D。49．推理判断题。根据第四段Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftopdowncontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.可知，无计划的人类活动证明了由顶级掠食者自上而下控制的想法是正确的。在海洋中，我们大规模捕捞鳕鱼等顶级捕食者，而在陆地上，我们杀死狼等大型捕食者。这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡。由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动会极大地破坏了生态系统。故选A。50．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Scientistshavebuiltanearlywarmingsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideallythesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.可知，早期预警系统通过发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故选D。D（2022·天津·高考真题）RalphEmersononcesaidthatthepurposeoflifeisnottobehappy,buttobeuseful,tobeloving,tomakesomedifferenceinheworld.Whileweappreciatesuchwordsofwisdom,werarelytrytofollowtheminourlives.Mostpeopleprefertoliveagoodlifethemselves,ignoringtheirresponsibilitiesfortheworld.Thisnarrowperceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshorttermbenefits,butissuretoleadtolongtermharmandsuffering.Agoodlifebasedonfortandluxurymayeventuallyleadtomorepainbecausewespoilourhealthandevenourcharacter,principles,ideals,andrelationships.Whatthen,isthesecretofagoodlife?Agoodlifeisaprocess,nota