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PowerPointpresentationonthepossessivecaseofThedefinitionofpassivecaseinEnglishnounsRulesforthepositivecaseofnounsTheusageofpositivecasesofnounsNotesonthepositivecaseofnouns01ThedefinitionofpassivecaseinEnglishnounsThepositivecaseisagraphicalformthatindicatesthepositionorownershipItisusedtoshowthatanobjectorpersonbelongstosomeoneorsomethingInEnglish,thepassivecaseiscommonlyindicatedbyaddinganAposopheandan's'totheendofthenounorbyusingthecontract'of'WhatisapositivecaseToshowsessionThesessioncaseisusedtoshowthatanobjectorpersonbelongstosomeoneorsomethingItisusedinsensessuchas"John'scar"or"thecompany'sheadquarters."ToavoidambiguityThepassivecasecanbeusedtoavoidambiguityinsentimentswhereitisnotclearwhoorwhatposestheobjectForexample,inthepresence"thedog'stail,"itisclearthatthetailbelongstothedogThepurposeofpassivecaseVSThemostcommonwaytoformthepassivecaseisbyaddingan'stotheendofthenounForexample,"cat"benefits"cat's,""dog"benefits"dog's."UsingcontractAnotherwaytoformthepositivecaseisbyusingacontractAcontractisashortenedformofawordthatiscreatedbycombiningtwoormorewordsForexample,"of"canbeusedinsteadofsaying"continuingto,"asin"thecarofJohn."Adding'sThewayinwhichpositivecasesareformed02Rulesforthepositivecaseofnouns0102Add's'directlyafterthenounExample:"Theboy'sball"(positivecaseof"boy")ThisruleappliestomostsingularnounsAdd'stonounsendingins,x,z,sh,chFornounsendingins,x,z,sh,orch,add'safterthefinalconsonantsoundExample:"Theclass'sproject"(positivecaseof"class")Ifanounendsinacoherentletterfollowedbyy,changetheytoiandadd's'Example:"Thecity'spopulation"(positivecaseof"city")Nounsendingwithaconsistentletterandy,changeytoiandsForcompoundnouns(nounswithtwoormorewords),usethepassivecaseforeachnounExample:"Thechildren'stoys"(positivecaseof"children"and"toys")Whenapositionisusedwithaposition,placethepositionbeforethepositionExample:"Thecar'stire"(positivecaseof"car")01020304Specialcircles03TheusageofpositivecasesofnounsWhenwewanttoshowthatanitembelongstosomeone,weusethepassivecaseForexample,"John'scar"meansthatthecarbelongstoJohnItisalsousedtoshowsessionsofitemsthatcannotbeownedbyanyoneotherthanaperson,suchasbodypartsoremotionsForinstance,"myarm"or"hisfear."Indicatorsofsomeone'sitemIndicatesomeone'shome,office,etcWhenreferringtosomeone'splaceofresidenceorwork,thepositivecaseisusedForexample,"myhome"or"heroffice."Itisalsousedwithinstitutionsandbusinesses,suchas"thecompany'sheadquarters"or"thegovernment'spolicies."VSWhenexpressingrelationshipsbetweeninanimatenouns,thepositivecaseisusedForinstance,"today'snewspaper"or"nextyear'sevent."Itisalsousedwithabstractnouns,suchas"thecity'sculture"or"thecountry'seconomy."Allrelationshipsofinanimatenounssuchastime,distance,country,city,etc04Notesonthepositivecaseofnouns

WithoutanarticlebeforethepositivecaseofanounWhenthepassivecaseofanounisusedwithoutanarticle,itindicatesownershiporsessionForexample,"John'scar"meansthatthecarbelongstoJohnThisusageiscommonwhenreferringtospecificindividualsorthingsAfterthepositivecaseofanoun,anounisoftenaddedtoclarifywhichspecificitemisbeingreferredtoForexample,"John'scar"couldbereferringtoanycarownedbyJohn,soadding"theredone"wouldspecifywhichcarismeanGenerally,anounisaddedafterthepositivecaseofanounForexample,"thedog'sbone"meansthebonethatbelongstothedog,while"thedog"referstoaspecificdogThepositivecaseofnounsandthedefinearticle"the"hasdifferentmeans