产品包装测试标准经管营销

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ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc

ISTA-3A包裝測試標準

ISTA3A2023-Page1of25

ISTA,YourAllianceinTransportPackaging,istheworldleaderinPerformanceTestsforPackaged-Products.

ISTA3Seriestestsareadvancedtestsandaredesignedto:

Challengethecapabilityofthepackageandproducttowithstandtransporthazards,butUtilizegeneralsimulationofactualtransporthazards,and

Donotnecessarilycomplywithcarrierpackagingregulations.

Whenproperlyexecuted,ISTAprocedureswillprovidetangiblebenefitsof:

Producttomarkettimereduction

Confidenceinproductlaunch

Reductionindamagesandproductloss

Balanceddistributioncosts

Customersatisfactioncontributingtoincreasedmarketshare

TherearethreesectionstothisProcedure:Overview,TestingandReporting

Overviewprovidesgeneralknowledgerequiredbeforetestingand

Testingpresentsthespecificinstructionstodolaboratorytestingand

ReportingindicateswhatdatashallberecordedtosubmitatestreporttoISTA.

TwosystemsofweightsandmeasuresarepresentedinISTAtestprocedures:SI(Metric)orEnglishsystem(Inch-Pound).

MetricunitsareshownfirstfollowedbytheInch-Poundunitsinparentheses;thereareexceptionsinsometables(when

shownseparately).

Familiaritywiththefollowingunitsandsymbolsusedinthisdocumentisrequired:

FormeasuringMetricunitsandsymbolsEnglishunitsandsymbols

Weightkilograms(kg)orgrams(gm)pounds(lb)

Distancemeters(m)ormillimeters(mm)feet(ft)orinches(in)

VolumeCubiccentimeters(cm3)Cubicinches(in3)

Densitykilogramspercubicmeter(kg/m3)poundspercubicinch(lb/in3)

TemperatureCentigrade(C)Fahrenheit(F)

AbsolutePressureKilopascal(kPa)Poundspersquareinch(psi)

Eithersystemmaybeusedastheunitofmeasure(standardunits),but

Thestandardunitschosenshallbeusedconsistentlythroughouttheprocedure.

Unitsareconvertedtotwosignificantfiguresand

Notexactequivalents.

NOTE:

InotherISTATestProcedures68kilogramsisusedastheconversionfrom150pounds.In3A,70kilogramsand150

poundsareusedbecauseit’sacommondividingpointfoundinparceldeliverysystemsfromcountriesthatuseeithermetric

(SI)orEnglish(inch-pounds)unitsofmeasure.

VERYIMPORTANT:

Theentiredocumentshallbereadandunderstoodbeforeproceedingwithatest.

ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc

Copyright2023byInternationalSafeTransitAssociation.AllrightsReserved.

ISTA3Series

GeneralSimulation

Performance

TestProcedure

3A2

6

Packaged-ProductsforParcelDeliverySystemShipment

70kg(150lb)orLess

ISTA3A2023-Page2of25

OVERVIEWOFPROCEDURE3A

TestProcedure3Aisageneralsimulationtestforindividualpackaged-productsshippedthroughaparceldeliverysystem.

Thetestisappropriateforfourdifferenttypesofpackagescommonlydistributedasindividualpackages,eitherbyairor

ground.Thetypesincludestandard,small,flatandelongatedpackages.3AincludesanoptionalcombinationofaVibration

andVacuum(highaltitude’sloweredairpressure)test.Thisteststhecontainer’s(whetherprimarypackageortransport

package)abilitytoholdasealorclosureandtheretentionofcontents(liquid,powderorgas)withoutleaking.

STANDARDpackaged-productsshallbedefinedasanypackaged-productthatdoesnotmeetanyofthedefinitionsbelow

forasmall,flatorelongatedpackaged-product.AStandardpackaged-productmaybepackagessuchastraditional

fiberboardcartons,aswellasplastic,woodenorcylindricalcontainers.

SMALLpackaged-productsshallbedefinedasanypackaged-productwherethe:

volumeislessthan13,000cm3(800in3),and

longestdimensionis350mm(14in)orlessand

weightis4.5kg(10lb)orless.

FLATpackaged-productsshallbedefinedasanypackaged-productwherethe:

shortestdimensionis200mm(8in)orlessand

nextlongestdimensionisfour(4)ormoretimeslargerthantheshortestdimension,and

volumeis13,000cm3(800in3)orgreater.

ELONGATEDpackaged-productsshallbedefinedasanypackaged-productwherethe:

longestdimensionis900mm(36in)orgreaterand

bothofthepackage’sotherdimensionsareeach20percentorlessofthatofthelongestdimension.NOTE:

Ifapackaged-productisbothFlatandElongated,thepackageshouldbetestedasElongated

Testingcanbeusedtoevaluatetheprotectiveperformanceofapackaged-productrelatedtovibrations,shocksand

otherstressesnormallyencounteredduringhandlingandtransportationinaparceldeliverysystem.

ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc

Testlevelsarebasedongeneraldataandmaynotrepresentanyspecificdistributionsystem.Thepackageandproductareconsideredtogetherandnotseparately.

Someconditionsoftransit,suchasmoisture,pressureorunusualhandlingmaynotbecovered.OtherISTAProceduresmaybeappropriatefordifferentconditionsortomeetdifferentobjectives.RefertoGuidelinesforSelectingandUsingISTAProceduresandProjectsforadditionalinformation.NOTE:

Hazardousmaterialpackagingthatpassesthistestproceduremaynotmeetinternational,nationalorotherregulatory

requirementsforthetransportofhazardousmaterials.ThistestinnotasubstituteforUnitedNationsand/oranyother

requiredteststandardsforthetransportofhazardousmaterials,butshouldbeusedasanadditionaltestinconjunctionwith

them.

TestProcedure3Acoverstestingofindividualpackaged-productsweighing70kilograms(150pounds)orlesswhen

preparedforshipmentviaaparceldeliverycarrier.

Theshippershalldeterminethefollowingpriortotesting:

whatconstitutesdamagetotheproductand

whatdamagetolerancelevelisallowable,ifany,and

thecorrectmethodologytodetermineproductconditionattheconclusionofthetestand

theacceptablepackageconditionattheconclusionofthetest.

ForadditionalinformationonthisdeterminationprocessrefertoGuidelinesforSelectingandUsingISTAProceduresand

Projects.

Preface

Scope

ProductDamage

Toleranceand

PackageDegradation

Allowance

3A

ISTA3A2023-Page3of25

OVERVIEWOFPROCEDURE3A

Samplesshouldbeanuntestedactualpackageandproduct,butifoneorbotharenotavailable,thesubstitutesshallbeas

identicalaspossibletoactualitems.

Onesampleisrequiredforthistestprocedure.

Topermitanadequatedeterminationofrepresentativeperformanceofthepackaged-product,ISTA:Requirestheproceduretobeperformedonetime,but

Recommendsperformingtheprocedurefiveormoretimesusingnewsampleswitheachtest.

RefertoGuidelinesforSelectingandUsingISTAProceduresandProjectsforadditionalinformationonstatisticalsampling.

NOTE:

Inordertoensuretestinginperfectcondition,productsandpackagesshippedtoanISTAlaboratoryfor

ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc

testingshallbe:

Adequatelyover-packagedforshipmentor

Repackagedinnewpackagingatthelaboratory.

NOTE:

Itisimportanttothoroughlydocumenttheconfiguration,materials,andconstructionofthetestedproductandpackage.

Significantvariationsinperformancecansometimesbecausedbyseeminglyinsignificantdifferences.Photo

documentationisstronglyrecommendedtosupplementdetailedwrittendescriptions.

BasisWeightsofCorrugatedBoard

Whentheouterpackageisacorrugatedbox,itisstronglyrecommendedthatthebasisweightsofthepapers/paperboards

usedtomaketheboxbedeterminedanddocumented.Ithasbeendeterminedthatbasisweightsarebetterindicatorsof

boxequivalencethanECTorBurstratings.

RefertoGuidelinesforSelectingandUsingISTAProceduresandProjectsforadditionalinformationondocumentationand

basisweightdetermination.

Samples

3A

ISTA3A2023-Page4of25

OVERVIEWOFPROCEDURE3A

Thetestsshallbeperformedoneachtestsampleinthesequenceindicatedinthefollowingtables:3A-STANDARDPackaged-ProductTest

Sequence

Number

TestCategoryTestTypeTestLevelForISTACertification

1Atmospheric

Preconditioning

Temperatureand

Humidity

AmbientRequired

2Atmospheric

Conditioning

ControlledTemperature

andHumidity

TemperatureandHumidity

chosenfromchart

Optional

3ShockDrop

9Drops-heightvaries

withpackaged-product

weight

Required

ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc

4VibrationRandom

WithandWithoutTop

Load

OverallGrmslevelsof0.53

and0.46

Required

5VibrationRandomundera

Vacuum

TruckorTruckAir

dependent

Optional

6ShockDrop

8Drops-heightvaries

withpackaged-product

weight.Includesdropon

hazard

Required

3A–SMALLPackaged-ProductTest

Sequence

Number

TestCategoryTestTypeTestLevelForISTACertification

1Atmospheric

Preconditioning

Temperatureand

Humidity

AmbientRequired

2Atmospheric

Conditioning

ControlledTemperature

andHumidity

TemperatureandHumidity

chosenfromchart

Optional

3ShockDrop

(notinabag)

9Drops-heightvaries

withpackaged-product

weight

Required

4VibrationRandom

WithandWithoutTop

Load

OverallGrmslevelof0.53

and0.46

ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc

5VibrationRandomunderaVacuumTruckorTruckAir

dependent

Optional

6ShockDrop

(inabag)

7Drops–heightvaries

withpackaged-product

weight

Required

TestProtocols

3A

ISTA3A2023-Page5of25

OVERVIEWOFPROCEDURE3A

3A–FLATPackaged-ProductTest

Sequence

Number

TestCategoryTestTypeTestLevelForISTACertification

1Atmospheric

Preconditioning

Temperatureand

Humidity

AmbientRequired

2Atmospheric

Conditioning

ControlledTemperature

andHumidity

TemperatureandHumidity

chosenfromchart

Optional

3ShockDrop

9Drops-height

varieswithpackagedproduct

weight

Required

4VibrationRandom

WithandWithout

TopLoad

OverallGrmslevelsof

0.53and0.46

Required

5VibrationRandomundera

Vacuum

TruckorTruckAir

ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc

Optional

6ShockRotationalEdge

Drop

200mm(8in)Required

7ShockFullRotationalFlat

Drop

Varieswith

packaged-product

dimensions

Required

8ShockHazardImpactHazardBoxdropped

400mm(16in)

Required

3A–ELONGATEDPackaged-ProductTest

Sequence

Number

TestCategoryTestTypeTestLevelForISTACertification

1Atmospheric

Preconditioning

Temperatureand

Humidity

AmbientRequired

2Atmospheric

Conditioning

ControlledTemperature

andHumidity

TemperatureandHumidity

chosenfromchart

Optional

3ShockDrop

9Drops-height

varieswithpackagedproduct

weight

Required

4VibrationRandom

WithandWithout

TopLoad

OverallGrmslevelsof

0.53and0.46

Required

5VibrationRandomundera

Vacuum

TruckorTruckAir

ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc

Optional

6ShockRotationalEdge

Drop

200mm(8in)Required

7ShockFullRotationalFlat

Drop

Varieswith

packaged-product

dimensions

Required

8ShockBridgeImpactHazardBoxdropped

400mm(16in)

Required

TestSequence

3A

ISTA3A2023-Page6of25

EQUIPMENTREQUIREDFORPROCEDURE3A

AtmosphericConditioning:

HumidityrecordercomplyingwithoftheapparatussectionofISO2233-00orASTMD4332-00(-01).TemperaturerecordercomplyingwiththeapparatussectionofISO2233-00orASTMD4332-00(-01).OptionalAtmosphericConditioning

ChamberandControlapparatuscomplyingwiththeapparatussectionofISO2233-00orASTMD4332-00(-01).

ShockTests:

AllProtocolsFlatandElongatedFlatElongated

Typeof

ShockTest

DropTest

RotationalEdgeDrop

Test

FullRotationalTest

HazardImpactTest

BridgeImpactTest

Typeof

Equipment

Free-falldroptester

1)SupportBlock

2)

HandDrop

withHazardBox

Free-fallDropTester

withHazardBox

In

ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc

withthe

apparatus

sectionof…

ISO2248-85or

ASTMD5276-98

ISO2876-85or

ASTMD6179-97

ASTMD5265-98with

theexceptionofthe

HazardBox(Impactor).

Seebelow

Hazardbox

300x300x300mm(12x12x12in)dense

woodenboxwithatotalweightof4.1kg(9lb)

Theboxshallhaveleastonebottomedge

coveredbyangleiron.

Theboxshouldbefilledwithasandbagandvoid

filltoholdthebaginplace.

Hazardblock

Seebelow.

Supportblock

90to100mm

(3.5to4.0in)inheight

andwidthandatleast

200mm(8in)longer

thantheshortest

dimensionofface3.

Supportblocks(2)

90to100mm(3.5to

4.0in)inheightand

widthandatleast200

mm(8in)longerthan

theshortestdimension

offace3.

Additional

Required

Equipment

Hazardblock:Theblockshallbemadeofhardwoodormetal.Theheightshallbe20to25mm(0.75to1.0in)andthewidth150mm(6.0in).Thelengthshallbeatleast200mm(8.0in)longerthanthesecondshortestpackagedimensionofthelength,widthandheight.Thelongtopedgesoftheblockshallberoundedtoaradiusequaltotheheightoftheblock0.02mm(0.0625in).

Equipment

Required

ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc

Equipment

Required

Shock

6in.(150mm)

1in.(25mm)

150mm(6.0in)

20-25mm(0.75–1.0in)

3A

ISTA3A2023-Page7of25

EQUIPMENTREQUIREDFORPROCEDURE3A

RandomVibrationTest:

RandomVibrationTestSystemcomplyingwiththeapparatussectionofISO13355-01orASTMD4728-95(-01).

Aformofcolumnstackfixturing

Top-LoadApparatus

Plasticbags

Sandorotherdense,flowablematerial

OptionalRandomVibrationunderVacuum:

VacuumChamber:complyingwiththeapparatussectionofISO2873-00orASTMD6653-01;abletofitonthe

vibrationtable;abletodrawdowntheinternalabsolutepressureto60kPa(8.7psi)forthetruckandairtest,or70kPa

(10psi)forthetruck-onlytest;andabletowithstandtheairand/ortruckrandomvibrationinput.3A-SMALL

Two(2)UnitedStatesPostalService#1Mailbagsorequivalent[canvasorlikematerial,approximately1.0x0.7m(39

x27in)]areusedthroughoutthetestingsequence.

Onebagisfilledwith36kg(80lb)ofsandsuitablypackagedinsmallerbags.

OnebagistheSampleBagtobefilledwiththeTestSpecimenanddunnagepackages,tosimulateatypicalpack.

Three(3)over-nightstyleenvelopes,1-#5paddedmailerand1-#6fiberboardmailer.

FiberboardcontainersasdescribedinthetablebelowaretobeconstructedofC-fluteboardwithanyofthefollowing

minimumvaluesandconstruction:

BurstTest:1380kPaor14kg/cm2or200lb/in2or

ECTV