2013年考研英语二真题及参考答案

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmighisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen2fortwodnotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon“revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,"onlytoyearslater.WhyhasthemovementtAlthoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmightbemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceof tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworkselectronicmoneythe8formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavethe 9receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillind 12__fromtheissuer'saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofinterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13Forth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay_14__securityhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccesdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessban ofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamoupersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernment,employers,and2.[A]offSectionIIReadinDirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)InanessayentitlcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomaDavidson'sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecenthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunetodayislargelybecauseofthebigdropibecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whichInthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob,couldearnanBut,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon'tearnforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandwhateveristheirfieldoYes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwaysfastthattheyerasedalmostalltmanufacturingjobs—about6millionintotal—disappeared.”Therewillalwaysbechange—newjobs,newproducts,newservices.Buttheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachrequireworkerstohavemoremployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billfort[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances[B]thealleviationofjobpressure[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasucce[A]gainsoftechnolog24.Accordingtotheauthor,to25.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethemostapproprAlongwiththemanyfolkquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoanaffectionatenickname,"uccellidipassaggio,"birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedivisystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictlegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingCroppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday'Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitineedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.WeneedthemtofeelthaAccommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightoupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanaginandmultipleoutcomes.I26.“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho[A]immigrateacrosst[D]findpermanentjobsov[B]hasloosenedcontr28.Accordingtotheauthor,today'sbirdsofpassagewant.[C]opportunitiestoget29.Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshoul30whichofthefollowingwouldbetheScientistshavefoundthatSnapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhetdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfnality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindednButsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliarPsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogofomillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfWeunconsciouslyassociatefastfooYetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsoragentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomearemorelikelytoreje—orhireoutsidescreeJohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly"tmuchlongerevaluation:twodays,nottwosecoOurabilitytomuteourhaanimals:dogscanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintwehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongmightchangethewaywereactcapacitytoriseabovet[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgmentEuropeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily—friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEurope'stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.IndeedpercentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtoccertainproportionofwomen—upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedaRedinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgend“Personally,Idon'tlikequotas,”Redingsaidrecently.“ButIlikewhatthequotasdo.”Quotasgetaction:they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroplacingwomenintopbusineIunderstandReding'sreluctanceandhecountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governmentbythecapobstaclestoachievingthemeritevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition—nomatterhowmuch“softpressure”isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower--as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook—theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpachildren'scaregivers--andallfamilies,Sandbergwohighlycapablepersonlivingi36.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,general[D]seniormanagementis[A]areflectionofge[A]gettopbusinesspositio40.Womenenteringtopmanagementbecome[D]greater“softpressure”Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETI.(10points)[D]RemembertotreatyourselfThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshislfoodwithlivingonbenatLondon'sbestrestaurantsatleasttwiceandhisdrinkingbecameserious."Thecommunitymentalhelikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeopleresponvalidationandconfidencethatIdlost.Butistate,withbarelyImpulsivespendingisn'tanoption,soplanyourweek'smenlistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExclunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:it'snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,becaThisiswheresupermarketsandtheiranonymisameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecaryou'llknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packeYoumayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-that'sisfilledwithleftoversifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou'lldoavegetablesoup,andalbecookedorjuiced.Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptifish-sellersregularly,evenforsmaskingifthey'veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthYouw