Unit+4+A+glimpse+of+the+future+Starting+out Understanding+ideas课件【知识精讲精研】高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Unit4Period1Startingout&Understandingideas课堂学习Watchthevideoandanswerthequestions.1Whatpredictionsaboutthefutureweremade?Weretheycorrect?2Whatisyourunderstandingof“thefuturehasunlimitedpossibilities”?1Startingout1Whatpredictionsaboutthefutureweremade?Weretheycorrect?2Whatisyourunderstandingof“thefuturehasunlimitedpossibilities”?Correctpredictions:flyingmachines,organtransplantation,“perpetuallight”,theatombomb,spacestationswouldbroadcasttelevisionsignalsallovertheglobeIncorrectpredictions:aworldmarketformaybefivecomputers,nuclear-poweredvacuumcleanersLookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.21Haveyouwatchedanyofthesefilms?Whatstoriesdotheytellaboutthefutureofourworld?2Doyouthinktheeventsinthesefilmscouldcometrue?Whatdoyouthinktheworldwillbelikeinthefuture?1ReadthefactsaboutAIandanswerthequestions.Understandingideas

MilestonesinArtificialIntelligence(AI)1950Mathematicianandlogician,AlanTuringdevisedtheTuringTest,atestontheabilityofmachinestoshowhuman-likeintelligence.1955Computerscientist,JohnMcCarthycoinedtheterm“artificialintelligence”.1972Shakey,thefirstmobilerobotabletomakedecisionsaccordingtoreason,wascompleted.2001TheElectroluxTrilobite,thefirstroboticvacuumcleanerdesignedfor

homeuse,wentonsale.2015AlphaGobecamethefirstcomputerprogramtobeatahumanprofessionalGoplayer.2017AlphaGoZerobeatthepreviousversionofAlphaGoby100gamestonil.1Whatcanyoulearnfromthetimeline?2AreyouconcernedaboutdevelopmentsinAI?Whyorwhynot?3HowdoyouthinkAIwilldevelopinthefuture?Fromthetimeline,wecanlearnthatAItechnologyhasdevelopedgreatly,andcannowoutperformhumansinsomeaspects.2ReadthepassagetoseeifitchangesyouropiniononthefutureofAI.Ifso,inwhatways?InthewordsofProfessorStephenHawking,

artificial

intelligencewillbe"eitherthebest,

ortheworst

thing,

evertohappentohumanity".

Technologyof

TomorrowForumwantstohearyourthoughtson

AI.

Isitourgreatesthumanachievementsofar?

Orisitthebiggestthreattoourexistence?ArtificialIntelligence:AREALTHREAT?

Millenniumbutterfly1

ThankstoAI,

I'vegotmyownsuper-smart

personalassistantbuiltintomyphone.

Shealways

hasanimmediateanswerforanyquestionIputto

her,

andevenusesmyanswerstolearnmoreabout

mypreferences.

Itusedtofeellike50percentof

mytimewasspentresearchingnewrestaurants.

In

contrast,

myPAonlyneedsafewsecondstofind

therightplace.

Everyrecommendationshegives

meisgreatsinceshecanpredictifIwilllikea

particularrestaurant.2Andspeakingofhangingout,I'mhopingthatself-drivingcarsareavailablesoon.I'vebeentakingdrivinglessonsforoverayear,andstillhaven'tgotmylicence.Self-drivingcarscanlearntodriveinthesamewaythatwedo,andcanmakejudgementsbasedoninformation.Andastheywon'tbesusceptibletohumanerror,they'llcertainlybealotsafer.Theonlythingisthattheremightbeafewmachine-learningproblemswhenthefirstcarshitthemarket,soperhapsI'dbetterlearntodrivefirst.Still,IdothinkthatdevelopmentsinAIwillonthewholemakedoingday-to-daythingsaloteasier.

Popkid3

Thetechnologyyou'reusingandenjoyingtodayisabasicformofAI

whichcan'tthinkindependentlywithoutprogramming.

Ofcourse,

itcould

beveryusefultohaveamoreadvancedformofAI

-

atrulyindependent

formofartificialintelligence,

capableofexercisingitsownjudgement,

couldhelpussolvemanyoftheworld'sproblems.

Buthaveyouever

thoughtabouttherisks?

Afterall,

whywouldanindependentformofAI

needtoconsidertheopinionsanddesiresofhumans?

Wecouldbeseenas

a"small"

inconveniencethat'sinthewayofasolutiontoabiggerproblem.

Ifwe'relucky,

AImightthinkwe'revaluableenoughtokeeparound.

If

not,

itmightwipeusallout!4Evenifthatdoesn'thappen,thereareotherrisks.Millenniumbutterfly,yousayhowgreatitwouldbetohaveself-drivingcars,butwhataboutallthetaxidriverswhowouldlosetheirjobs?TheywouldjustbeamongthefirstvictimsofAI.Nearlyeveryjobispotentiallyatriskinthelongrun.Evenjournalistsarenowbeingreplacedwithtechnologythatcanwritebasicnewsreports.Asitis,almost50percentofUSjobsareatriskfromautomationinthenext20years.5ThetruthisthatnoneofusispreparedforthechallengesofAI.

Pink_haze6

Machinelearningissomethingwehavecometoaccept

asapartofourmodernworld.

Ibelievemostofthevalue

ofAIliesinitscapacitytoanalyseandinterpretvast

amountsofdata,

whichmeansitcanevensolveproblems

thataretoochallengingforhumanexperts.7Butwhilesuper-intelligentAIcouldbethebiggestleapforwardinhumanhistory,ifitgoeswrongorfallsintothewronghands,itcouldalsobethemostdangerous.However,AIisnotgoingtogoaway.Wehavenochoicebuttoembraceitandregulateit.OnethingIthinkweallagreeon,though,isthatsaying"MyAIdidit!"won'tbeanyexcuseforillegalorimmoralbehaviour!Readtheopinionsandmatchthemtothepersons.Talkabouttheopinionyouagreewith.3Millenniumbutterfly

PopkidPink_hazeWeallneedtolearntolivewithAItechnologywhetherwelikeitorareconcernedaboutit.Wecannotstopthemarchofprogress.IadmitthatmoreadvancedAIcouldbehelpfulinsolvingtheworld’sproblems,butthereisahighlevelofriskinvolved.Ican’tunderstandwhysomepeopleworrysomuch.IhopemorebreakthroughsinAIwillbemadesoon,sothatwecanenjoymoreandmoreconvenience.AIcanhelpussavetime.1_________________________2_________________________3_________________________,includingthosetoochallengingforhumanexperts.AImightwipeouthumanbeings.4_________________________5_________________________ifitfallsintothewronghands.Organiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethediagram.4AIcanmakedrivingsafer.AIcanmakedoingday-to-daythingsaloteasier.AIcansolveproblemsJobsareatriskduetoAI.AIcouldbedangerousNowcomeupwithmoreideasforeachpointofviewandsharethemwiththeclass.1WhatdidStephenHawkingmeanwhenhesaidthatAIwillbe“eitherthebest,ortheworstthing,evertohappentohumanity”?2DoyouuseAIinyourdailylife?WhatotherrolescanAIplayinpeople’slives?3Howdoesthediagramhelpyoubetterunderstandthepassage?Think&ShareHemeantthatAIcouldbringusincrediblebenefits,butonlyifthetechnologyismanagedproperly.Ifwedonotmanagethetechnologyproperly,itcouldresultinhumanextinction.1.AreyouconcernedaboutdevelopmentsinAI?你关心人工智能的发展吗?beconcernedabout...关心/关注/担心……e.g.Everybodyisconcernedaboutthefutureofhiscountry.

每个人都关心自己国家的前途。【词汇拓展】concernoneselfabout...

关心……show/expressconcernfor/about...

对……表示关心beconcernedfor...关心/担心……beconcernedwith

与……有关；涉及asfaras...beconcerned

就……而言Languagepoints2.ThankstoAI,I'vegotmyownsuper-smartpersonalassistantbuiltintomyphone.多亏了人工智能，我才可以在手机中内置个人超级智能私人助手。

assistant为名词，在此句中意为“助手，助理”；动词为assist，表示“帮助，协助”。

e.g.We’lldoallwecantoassistyou.

我们会尽全力协助你。【词汇拓展】assistsb.withsth.在某方面给某人帮助assistsb.in

(doing)sth.帮助某人做某事assistsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事assistancen.[U]

帮助，协助，援助withtheassistanceof

在……的帮助下cometosb.’sassistance

帮助某人3.ShealwayshasanimmediateanswerforanyquestionIputtoher,andevenusesmyanswerstolearnmoreaboutmypreferences.

我向她提任何问题，她总能立即答复，甚至可以通过我的答案了解更多关于我的个人偏好。

“Iputtoher”为定语从句，修饰先行词question。4.Itusedtofeellike50percentofmytimewasspentresearchingnewrestaurants.过去，我觉得自己有50%的时间花在了研究新餐厅上。

(1)

Itfeelslike...为固定句式，意为“感觉像……”，与Itseemsthat...

意思相近。

e.g.Shesays，“ItfeelslikeI'vedonealotofwork.”

她说：“我感觉自己做了很多工作。”(2)本句中的50percentofmytimewasspent使用了被动语态，

spend...(in)doing...是固定搭配，意为“花……(时间/金钱等）做……”，动词spend的主语一般是人。

e.g.Shespendsallherfreetimepainting.

她把所有的空余时间都用来绘画。5.Everyrecommendation

shegivesmeisgreatsinceshecanpredictifIwilllikeaparticularrestaurant.

因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一个餐厅，所以她给我的每一个建议都很棒。

(1)本句中的she指代mysuper-smartpersonalassistant，运用了拟人的修辞手法。本句是一个复合句，shegivesme是定语从句，修饰recommendation；since引导原因状语从句；if引导宾语从句，呈现智能助手能够预测的内容。(2)recommendation为名词，表示“推荐；建议”，其动词为recommend。recommenddoingsth.建议做某事recommendsb.todosth.建议某人做某事recommendthatsb.(should)do建议某人做某事(从句用虚拟语气)recommendsb.sth.向某人推荐某物recommendsth.tosb.把某物推荐给某人recommendsb.as...推荐某人为……6.Andspeakingofhangingout,I'mhopingthatself-drivingcarsareavailablesoon.

说到出去玩，我希望自动驾驶汽车能很快面世。

(1)speakof谈到；说到；提到

e.g.Let'sneverspeakofitagain.我们再也不要提这件事了。(2)hangout闲逛，挂出

e.g.Ican'thangoutwithmyfriendstonight.我今晚不能和我的朋友闲逛。(3)that引导宾语从句。7.Self-drivingcarscanlearntodriveinthesamewaythatwedo,andcanmakejudgementsbasedoninformation.自动驾驶汽车可以学习与我们相同的驾驶模式，并且可以根据信息做出判断。

“thatwedo”为定语从句，修饰先行词way。8.Andastheywon'tbesusceptibletohumanerror,they'llcertainlybealotsafer.

而且由于它们不会受到人为错误的影响，肯定会安全得多。

(1)as引导原因状语从句。(2)susceptible为形容词，在该句子中表示“易受影响的”，它还有“敏感的，情绪多变的”之意。

【词汇拓展】

besusceptibleto易受……的影响

besusceptibleof能经受某事物；有某种能力

susceptiblepopulation易感人群9.Theonlythingisthattheremightbeafewmachine-learningproblemswhenthefirstcarshitthemarket,soperhapsI'dbetterlearntodrivefirst.唯一的问题是，当第一批汽车上市时，可能会有一些机器学习问题，所以也许我最好先学会驾驶。

that引导表语从句，when引导时间状语从句，so引导结果状语从句。10.Still,IdothinkthatdevelopmentsinAIwillonthewholemakedoingday-to-daythingsaloteasier.不过，我确实认为，总体而言，人工智能的发展将使日常工作变得更加容易。

(1)still是副词，意为inspiteofwhathasjustbeensaidordone.

e.g.Theweatherwascoldandwet.

Still,wehadagreattime.

天气又冷又潮，不过我们仍然玩得很开心。

(2)do在句中起强调作用，以为“的确，确实”；that引导宾语从句。(3)onthewhole是固定搭配，意为“总得看来”e.g.Onthewhole,I’minfavouroftheidea.

总得来说，我赞成这个想法。(4)day-to-day

按日计划的；逐日的；每天的；日常工作的；例行的

e.g.Maryhasbeenlookingaftertheday-to-dayrunningoftheschool.

Mary一直在负责学校的日常管理工作。11.Thetechnologyyou'reusingandenjoyingtodayisabasicformofAIwhichcan'tthinkindependentlywithoutprogramming.

你今天正在使用和享受的技术是人工智能的基本形式，没有程序它就无法独立思考。“you're...today”为定语从句，修饰先行词technology；

which引导定语从句，修饰先行词AI。12.Ofcourse,itcouldbeveryusefultohaveamoreadvancedformofAI-atrulyindependentformofartificialintelligence,capableofexercisingitsownjudgement,couldhelpussolvemanyoftheworld'sproblems.当然，拥有更先进的人工智能形式非常有用，这种更先进的人工智能形式是一种真正独立的人工智能形式，能够运用自己的判断力，可以帮助我们解决世界上的许多问题。

(be)capableofdoingsth.为固定搭配，意为“有能力做某事”

e.g.He’squitecapableofgettingoutoftrouble.他有能力渡过难关。13.Buthaveyoueverthoughtabouttherisks?

但是你是否考虑过风险?risk在该句子中为名词，表示“风险”，同时它也可作动词，表示“冒险”，常用于riskdoingsth.这一结构，表示“冒险做某事”。e.g.Daresheriskstayingwhereshewas?

她敢冒险呆在原地不动吗？

【词汇拓展】

takerisks/arisk

冒险

take/runtheriskofdoingsth.冒险做某事

atrisk

有风险

attheriskof...

冒着……风险14.Wecouldbeseenasa"small"inconveniencethat'sinthewayofasolutiontoabiggerproblem.

我们可能会被视为解决更大问题道路上的一个“小”麻烦。(1)inconvenience为不可数名词，表示“不方便”，其中in-为否定前缀；其反义词为convenience，表示“便利；方便”。

【词汇拓展】

atone’sconvenience

在某人方便的时候

forconvenience

为了方便

fortheconvenienceofsb.为了方便某人

convenientadj.

方便的；便利的

convenientlyadv.

方便地；便利地

Itisconvenient(forsb.)todosth.

(某人)方便做某事。

(2)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词inconvenience。15.Ifwe'relucky,AImightthinkwe'revaluableenoughtokeeparound.如果幸运的话，人工智能可能会认为我们足够有价值，可以留下来。

(1)if引导条件状语从句。

(2)“we're...keeparound”为省略that的宾语从句。16.Ifnot,itmightwipeusallout!否则，它可能会扫清我们所有人!

(1)Ifnot为“Ifwe’renotlucky”的省略形式。(2)wipeout消灭；摧毁；毁灭；使灭绝

e.g.Thediseasethreatenstowipeouttheentirepopulation.这种疾病有可能毁灭整个种群。17.Evenifthatdoesn'thappen,thereareotherrisks.

尽管还没有发生什么，但确实存在其他的风险。

Evenif引导让步状语从句。18.Millenniumbutterfly,yousayhowgreatitwouldbetohaveself-drivingcars,butwhataboutallthetaxidriverswhowouldlosetheirjobs?Millenniumbutterfly，你说拥有自动驾驶汽车会很棒，但出租车司机会失业这个问题呢?

(1)“howgreatitwouldbetohaveself-drivingcars”为宾语从句。(2)who引导定语从句，修饰先行词drivers。19.Evenjournalistsarenowbeingreplacedwithtechnologythatcanwritebasicnewsreports.甚至现在的新闻工作者也正在被可以撰写简单的新闻报道的技术所取代。

that引导定语从句，修饰先行词technology。20.Asitis,almost50percentofUSjobsareatriskfromautomationinthenext20years.

实际上，在未来20年中，美国有将近50%的工作会受到自动化的威胁。

asitis事实上，实际上（表示实际情况和可能情况的对比）e.g.Ithoughtconditionswouldgetbetter,butasitis,theyaregettingworse.我认为情况会转好，但事实上反趋恶化。21.ThetruthisthatnoneofusispreparedforthechallengesofAI.

事实上，我们中没有人做好了面对人工智能的挑战的准备。

that引导表语从句。22.Machinelearningissomethingwehavecometoacceptasapartofourmodernworld.

机器学习作为现代世界的一部分，已经成为我们接受的东西。

“we...world”为省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词something。23.IbelievemostofthevalueofAIliesinitscapacitytoanalyseandinterpretvastamountsofdata,whichmeansitcanevensolveproblemsthataretoochallengingforhumanexperts.我认为人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解析庞大数据的能力，也就是说它甚至能够解决对于人类专家来说具有挑战性的问题。

(1)“most...date”为省略that的宾语从句，which引导定语从句，“it...experts”为省略that的宾语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词problems。(2)liein（问题，答案，责任等）存在，在于e.g.Theproblemliesindecidingwhentointervene.

这个问题在于决定何时介入。

24.Butwhilesuper-intelligentAIcouldbethebiggestleapforwardinhumanhistory,ifitgoeswrongorfallsintothewronghands,itc