人物传记一-2021年高考英语阅读理解话题分类训练

（1）厦门外国语学校2021届高三第一次阶段性检测之B篇

IeohMingPei,oneofthelastgreatmodernistarchitects,hasdiedaged102.Althoughheworkedmostlyinthe

UnitedStates,PeiwillalwaysberememberedforaEuropeanproject:hisredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseumin

Parisinthe1980s.

PeiwasthefirstforeignarchitecttoworkontheLouvreinitslonghistory,andinitiallyhisdesignswere

fiercelyopposed.Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover.Hisglasspyramidoutsidethe

Louvre,completedin1989,isnowoneofParis'mostfamouslandmarks.

PeiwasborninChinain1917intoawealthyfamily.Hisfatherwasabanker.Hisartisticmother一a

calligrapherandmusician-hadthegreaterinfluenceonhim.DespitenotspeakingEnglish,hemovedtotheUSat

theageof18tostudyatPennsylvania,MITandHarvard.HeworkedasaresearchscientistfortheUSgovernment

duringWorldWarTwo,andwentontoworkasanarchitect,foundinghisownfirmin1955.Hecarriedonworking

wellintooldage,creatingoneofhismostfamousmasterpieces-theMuseumofIslamicArtinDoha,Qatar一in

his80s.

Hehasdesignedbuildings,hotels,schoolsandotherstructuresacrossNorthAmerica,AsiaandEurope.His

otherworkincludesDallasCityHallandJapan'sMihoMuseum.HisstylewasinfluencedbyhisloveofIslamic

architecture.Hisfavouredbuildingmaterialswereglassandsteel,withacombinationofconcrete.

Hewonavarietyofawardsandprizesforhisbuildings,includingtheAIAGoldMedal,thePraemium

ImperialeforArchitecture.In1983PeiwasgiventhefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrizefbrgivingthe20thcentury

someofitsmostbeautifulinteriorspacesandexteriorforms.Heusedhis$100,000prizemoneytostarta

scholarshipfundforChinesestudentstostudyarchitectureinAmerica.Inperson,Peiwasalwaysneatlydressed,

good-tempered,charmingandunusuallymodest.

24.WhatdoweknowaboutPeiandhisworkontheLouvreMuseum?

A.TheFrenchapprovedofhisdesignsatfirst.

B.PeiwastheonlyforeignexpertemployedbytheLouvre.

C.Peimadeuseofglassinhisdesigns.

D.Peiretiredaftercompletingthework.

25.WhichisthecoiTectorderoftimefbrthefollowingfactsinthepassage?

①HereceivedthePritzkerArchitecturePrize.

②Hefoundedhisownfirm.

③HecreatedtheMuseumofIslamicArt

@Heworkedasaresearchscientist.

A.①③②④B.④①®®

C.④②①③D.①④③②

26.WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribePeiaccordingtothepassage?

A.Productiveandhumorous.B.Generousandmodest.

C.Determinedandoutgoing.D.Attractiveandresponsible.

27.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.LouvrePyramidArchitectDiesAged102B.PrizesAwardedtoPei

C.LandmarksCreatedbyPeiD.AFamousArchitectPassedAway

【答案】24.C25.C26.B27.A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了享誉世界最后的现代主义建筑大师贝聿铭的生平事迹。

【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句HisglasspyramidoutsidetheLouvre,completedin1989,isnowoneof

Paris'mostfamouslandmarks.（卢浮宫外的玻璃金字塔于1989年完工，现在是巴黎最著名的地标之一。）

可知贝聿铭在他的设计中使用了玻璃。故选C。

【25题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中HeworkedasaresearchscientistfortheUSgovernmentduringWorldWarTwo,and

wentontoworkasanarchitect,foundinghisownfirmin1955.（二战期间，他曾为美国政府担任研究科学

家，1955年，他创办了自己的公司，之后成为一名建筑师。）可知贝聿铭为美国政府担任研究科学家，之

后1955年成了自己的公司；根据最后一段中In1983PeiwasgiventhefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrizefor

givingthe20thcenturysomeofitsmostbeautifulinteriorspacesandexteriorforms.（1983年，贝聿铭被授予第

五届普利兹克建筑奖，以表彰他为20世纪创造了一些最美丽的室内空间和外部形式。）可知贝聿铭在63

岁时被授予普利兹克建筑奖；根据第三段最后一句Hecaniedonworkingwellintooldage,creatingoneofhis

mostfamousmasterpieces—theMuseumofIslamicArtinDoha,Qatar—inhis80s.（他一直工作到晚年，80多

岁时创作了他最著名的杰作之一——卡塔尔多哈的伊斯兰艺术博物馆。）可知贝聿铭80多岁创作了卡塔

尔多哈的伊斯兰艺术博物馆。故顺序为④②①③，选C。

【26题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句Heusedhis$100,000prizemoneytostartascholarshipfundfor

ChinesestudentstostudyarchitectureinAmerica.（他用10万美元奖金为中国学生在美国学习建筑设立了一

个奖学金基金。）可知贝聿铭是非常慷慨大方的；以及文章最后一句Inperson,Peiwasalwaysneatly

dressed,good-tempered,charmingandunusuallymodest.（就个人而言，贝聿铭总是衣着整洁，脾气好，富有

魅力，而且非常谦虚。）可知贝聿铭很谦虚。故选B。

【27题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句IeohMingPei,oneofthelastgreatmodernistarchitects,hasdiedaged102.

（贝聿铭，最后一位伟大的现代主义建筑师之一，去世，享年102岁。）以及文章主要为介绍贝聿铭的生

平事迹可知A选项符合题意。故选A。

（2）徐州市2021届高三9月学情调研考试之D篇

HawkingdiedearlyWednesdayathishomeinEnglandattheageof76.Throughouthiscareerasoneofthe

world'smostrecognizablecosmicthinkers,heregularlythrewhimselfintopopculture'scomedicringwithcameos

（客串）onprogramssuchasTheSimpsonsandLateNightwithConanO'Brien.

TheseappearancesdefinedHawking'spersonallifeasmushashisuniverse-shakingtheoreticalwork.Humor,

however,wasnotjustonesideofhispersonality,butakeytoovercomingthediseasehestruggledagainstsince

1963.

“Keepinganactivemindhasbeenvitaltomysurvival,ashasmaintainingasenseofhumor,“Hawkingsaidin

a2013documentary.amprobablybetterknownformyappearancesonTheSimpsonsandonTheBigBang

TheorythanIamformyscientificdiscoveries.^^

At21,Hawkingwasdiagnosedwithaconditionsimilartoamyotrophiclateralsclerosis（肌萎缩性侧索硬化

症）,alsoknownasLouGehrig'sdisease.AccordingtotheALSAssociation,"Halfofallpeopleaffectedwith

ALSliveatmostthreeormoreyearsafterdiagnosis.Twentypercentlivefiveyearsormore;onlytenpercentwill

livemorethantenyears.^^

ThediseasewouldeventuallyshutdownHawking'smotorfunctions,makinghimspeechlessandunableto

movewithoutawheelchair.Doctorsinitiallysaidhewouldbedeadintwoyears.Hiscondition,however,provedto

bearateslow-actingversion.

ButHawkingfoughtthroughhisworsephysicalstate,risingtoapositionasacelebratedprofessorof

mathematicalattheUniversityofCambridgeandalteringthepopularconceptionofphysicswithhis1988

bestseller,ABriefHistoryofTime.

“WhenIturned21,myexpectationswerereducedtozero,“hesaidinaTVshow.Headded,66Itwasimportant

thatIcametoappreciatewhatIdidhave.It'salsoimportantnotbecomeangry,nomatterhowdifficultlifeis,

becauseyoucanloseallhopeifyoucan'tlaughatyourselfandatlifeingeneral.^^

12.WhatwasHawkinglikeaccordingtothetext?

A.Hewaskindandbrave.B.Hewasfriendlyandadventurous.

C.Hewashumorousandstrong-minded.D.Hewasshyanduncommunicative.

13.HowdidHawkingdealwithALS?

A.Hedidfurtherresearchintothedisease.

B.Hekeptapositiveattitudetowardshisdisease.

C.Hedidmoreexerciseandspokealotwithothers.

D.Hewenttohospitaltohaveahealthcheckregularly.

14.WhatcanbelearntfromthestoryofHawking?

A.Laughteristhebestmedicine.

B.Losttimeisneverfoundagain.

C.Everythingcomestohimwhowaits.

D.Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.

15.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?

A.ALSisacommondiseaseinEngland.

B.DoctorsonceabandonedtreatmentforHawking.

C.PlayingrolesincomedywasHawking'sfavorite.

D.IfsalmostawonderthatHawkingcansurvivethedisease.

【答案】12,C13.B14.A15.D

【解析】

本文是记叙文。主要讲了霍金被确诊为肌萎缩性侧索硬化症后，是如何积极面对;最终创造奇迹的。

[12题详解】

推理判断题根据第二段第二句Humor,however,wasnotjustonesideofhispersonality,butakeytoovercoming

thediseasehestruggledagainstsince1963.可知霍金是一个幽默的人，而且从1963年就开始与疾病作斗争。

所以说霍金是一个幽默而又意志坚定的人，故选C。

【13题详解】

推理判断题根据第六段ButHawkingfoughtthroughhisworsephysicalstate,risingtoapositionasacelebrated

professorofmathematicalattheUniversityofCambridgeandalteringthepopularconceptionofphysicswithhis

1988bestseller,ABriefHistory加e.（但霍金克服了他糟糕的身体状况，在剑桥大学担任著名的数学教授，

并以1988年的畅销书，即一部简短的历史，改变了物理学的流行概念）可知霍金克服身体状况，最后成为

著名的数学教授。所以说他对自己的病保持着积极的态度。故选B。

【14题详解】

推理判断题从最后一段"ItwasimportantthatIcametoappreciatewhatIdidhave.Ifsalsoimportantnotbecome

angry,nomatterhowdifficultlifeis,becauseyoucanloseallhopeifyoucan'tlaughatyourselfandatlifein

general.（重要的是，我欣赏我所拥有的。同样重要的是，不要生气，无论生活多么艰难，因为如果你不能

嘲笑自己和整个生活，你就会失去所有的希望）“可知霍金以积极的心态对待自己的疾病，最终改变肌萎缩

性侧索硬化症不可战胜的说法，所以我们可以推断出微笑是治病的良药，故选A。

【15题详解】

推理判断题根据第四段AccordingtotheALSAssociation,''HalfofallpeopleaffectedwithALSliveatmost

threeormoreyearsafterdiagnosis.Twentypercentlivefiveyearsormore;onlytenpercentwilllivemorethanten

years.”可知确诊为肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的病人最多活三年或者三年多点；20%的人能活五年或者更长；只

有10%的人能活十年以上。霍金能活到76岁确实是一个奇迹，故选D。

（3）2021届广东省八区第一学期高三调研考试之B篇

WhenRachelRatellesawanewsvideoofaburnedkoalatryingtoclimbatreetosafetyinfire-ravaged

（火灾肆虐的）Australia,shedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.

ShelookedupwildliferescueandreliefagenciesinAustraliatofindoutwhattheyneededmost.Besides

donations,manyorganizationsaskedforhand-sewnandknittedpouches（袋子）andwrapsforkoalasand

otheranimalsthatwereburnedorhadlosttheirhomesandparentsinthefires.

ThisideaattractedRatelle,buttherewasjustoneproblem.

Tdneversewninmylife,"saidRatelie,17,asenioratRanchoBuenaVistaHighSchoolinVista,US.

"Givingmoneyseemedlikesomethingtoosimple.ButIwantedtodirectlyhelptheseanimalsbydoing

somethingmyself,soIdecidedtolearnhowtosew."

Overthenextfewmonths,Ratelieboughtherownsewingmachineandtaughtherselfhowtosewvia

videosonline.Thenshebought18yardsoffabricandsewed25pouchesofdifferentsizesandshippedthemoff

toFirAustralianWildlifeNeedingAid(FAWNA),oneofseveralrelieforganizationsthathaverushedtorescue

koalas,kangaroosandotherspeciessufferingfrombums.Aweeklater,shereceivedaphotofromFAWNA

withababykangarooinoneofherlargerpouches."ItmademefeellikeIcontributedtotheworldandit

showedhowasimpleactofkindnesscangoalongway,"saidRatelle,whohopestostudybiologyforafuture

careerasanursepractitioner.

"Iplantousemynewsewingskillstohelpanimalsandpeopledevastaledbynaturaldisaster,1'shesaid.

SeveralcraftunionwebsitesaroundtheworldhavecalledfbrAustralianreliefbymakingtheanimal

pouches.KarenNewberryandhertwodaughtersMadison,12andRochelle,8,fromSanDiegoalsooffered

theirhelpinsuchaway.ForNewberry,"Itwasabigpushthatmadeuscrafters,sewersrealizethere's

somethingmorewecandothanjustmakethingsforourselves/shesaid.

4.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?

A.WhatinspiredRatelletolearntosew.

B.Whatisneededtosavekoalasandotherspecies.

C.ThepoorlivingconditionsofwildanimalsinAustralia.

D.DifferentwaystohelpkoalasandotheranimalsinAustralia.

5.HowdidRateliefeelwhenshereceivedaphotofromFAWNA?

A.Surprised.B.Calm.C.Proud.D.Moved.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devastated"mean?

A.RuinedB.ChallengedC.ReducedD.Abandoned

7.WhatdoNewben*y'swordsinthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Peopleshouldstayunitedthroughdifficulttimes.

B.LifeisnoteasyforcraftersandsewersinAustralia.

C.Itischallengingfbrcraftersandsewerstodoreliefwork.

D.Craftersandsewerscandomoretohelpanimals.

【答案】4.A5.C6.A7.D

【解析】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，澳洲大火肆虐，许多动物丧生，17岁的Ratelle在了解野生动物救援和

救济机构需要针织袋子后，决定自己学习缝纫技术并做袋子捐给慈善机构。

【4题详解】

主旨大意题。由第一段"WhenRachelRatellesawanewsvideoofaburnedkoalatryingtoclimbatreetosafety

infire-ravaged（火灾肆虐的）Australia,shedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.''（当RachelRatelle在火灾肆虐

的澳大利亚看到一段新闻录像，一只被烧伤的考拉试图爬上一棵树到安全的地方，她决定做点什么。）和

第二段“ShelookedupwildliferescueandreliefagenciesinAustraliatofindoutwhattheyneededmost.Besides

donations,manyorganizationsaskedforhand-sewnandknittedpouches（袋子）andwrapsforkoalasandother

animalsthatwereburnedorhadlosttheirhomesandparentsinthefires."（她查阅了澳大利亚野生动物救援和

救济机构，以了解他们最需要什么。除了捐款，许多组织还要求为在火灾中被烧毁或失去家园和父母的考

拉和其他动物提供手工缝制的编织袋和包裹。），可知前两段主要讲是什么激发了Ratelle学习缝纫，说明

她学习缝纫的原因/动机。故选A项。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的a"ItmademefeellikeIcontributedtotheworldanditshowedhowasimple

actofkindnesscangoalongway,"saidRatelle,whohopestostudybiologyforafuturecareerasanurse

practitioner."（Ratelle说，“它让我觉得我对世界做出了贡献，它表明了一个简单的善举是如何发挥巨大

作用的。”，她希望将来能成为一名护士从业者。），可知Ralelle觉得自己对世界做出了贡献，可推断出

当Ratelie收到FAWNA寄来的照片时，她感觉很自豪。故选C项。

【6题详解】

词义猜测题。由倒数第二段中的””plantousemynewsewingskillstohelpanimalsandpeopledevastatedby

naturaldisaster,"shesaid."（她说：“我计划用我的新缝纫技巧来帮助被自然灾害摧毁的动物和人

们。”），根据helpanimalsandpeople和naturaldisaster,可知此处指“帮助被自然灾害摧毁的动物和人

们”,devastated在此处意为"Ruined（毁坏的）”。故选A项。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。由最后一段中的"ForNewberry,"Itwasabigpushthatmadeuscrafters,sewersrealizethere's

somethingmorewecandothanjustmakethingsforourselves,"shesaid."（对于Newberry来说，“这是一个

巨大的推动，使我们手工艺者、缝纫者意识到，我们可以做更多的事情，而不仅仅是为自己制造东西，”

她说。），可知Newberry认为，手工艺者、缝纫者除了做衣服外，还有很多事情可以做，例如，做编织

袋子给动物，可推断出手工艺者、缝纫者可以为动物提供更多帮助。故选D项。

（4）江苏省启东中学2020-2021学年度九月第一学期期初考试之B篇

GeorgeNakashimaalwaysinsistedthathewasasimplewoodworker,notanartist.Eventhoughmajor

museumsexhibitedhisworksandthedirectoroftheAmericanCraftMuseumcalledhimanationaltreasure,Mr.

Nakashimarejectedthelabelofartist.Foralmostfiftyyearshesimplywentonshapingwoodintobeautifulchairs,

tables,andcabinets.

Nakashimahadacleargoal.Heintendedeachpieceoffurniturehemadetobeasperfectaspossible.Even

makingaboxwasanactofcreation,becauseitproducedanobjectthathadneverexistedbefore.Initially

Nakashimausedlocalwood,sometimesfromhisownproperty.Later,hetraveledtoseekoutEnglishoak,Persian

walnut,AfricanzebrawoodandIndianteak.Heespeciallylikedtofindgiantrootsthathadbeendugoutofthe

groundafteratreewastakendown.Nakashimafeltthatmakingthiswoodintofurniturewasawayofallowingthe

treetoliveagain.

Mostfumituremakerspreferperfectboards,butNakashimatookpleasureinusingwoodwithinteresting

knots（节疤）andcracks.Theseirregularitiesgavethewoodpersonalityandshowedthatthetreehadlivedahappy

life.

Heneverfailedtocreateanobjectthatwasbothusefulandbeautiful.OneearlypieceNakashimadesigned

wasathree-leggedchairforhissmalldaughter,Mira,tousewhenshesatatthetableformeals.TheMirachair

becamesopopularthatNakashimalatermadebothlowandhighversions.Anotherfamouspiece,theConoidchair,

hastwolegssupportedbybladelikefeet.Always,Nakashima'sdesignswerepreciseandgraceful,markedbya

simplicitythatrevealedhisloveforthewood.

Astheyearspassed,Nakashima'sreputationgrewandhisworkreceivedmanyawards.HischildrenMiraand

Kevin,nowadults,joinedtheteamofcrafts-peopleintheirfather'sstudio.Nakashima'sdreamofintegratingwork

andfamilyhadcometrue.

24.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesNakashima?

A.Generousandoutgoing.B.Honestandsimple.

C.Capableandfriendly.D.Creativeandmodest.

25.WhywasNakashimacalledanationaltreasure?

A.Hisartworkmadetreesliveagain.

B.Heusedpreciouswoodmaterials.

C.Hischairswerebeautifullydesigned.

D.Hewasdevotedtomakingfurniture.

26.WhatcanwelearnaboutNakashimafromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Helovedhisworkandfamily.

B.Hemadechairsofthesamestyle.

C.Hesought