沃登编辑如何撰写易被杂志接受的中英文医学论文

如何撰写易被杂志接受的SCI医学论文沃登编辑专业SCI论文服务品牌|SCI生物医学论文翻译|润色|修改|投稿1Scientists,startingasgraduatestudents,aremeasuredprimarilynotbytheirdexterityinlaboratorymanipulations,notbytheirinnateknowledgeofeitherbroadornarrowscientificsubjects,andcertainlynotbytheirwitorcharm;theyaremeasured,andbecomeknown(orremainunknown)bytheirpublications.评价科学家2SCI论文根本要求新的结论支持或反对未定论理论的新证据证据充分、全面做论文写论文3Ifatreefallsinaforestandthere'snoonetheretohearit,doesitmakeasound?树倒下发出声音了么？

4下铺的哥们打呼噜了么？

55.GraffJ,ZhouYH,ToriaU,etal.Mutationswithinpotential….JVirol2021;82:1185-1194..6.ZhouYH,etal.PositivereactionsonWesternblots….ImmunolCellBiol2007;85:73-78.7.ZhouY,EmersonSU.Heatshockcognateprotein….JClinVirol2006;36:S155.8.ChenZ,MoayeriM,ZhouYH,etal.Efficientneutralization….JInfectDis2006;193:625-633.9.ChenZ,(6)ZhouYH,etal.Chimpanzee….ProcNatlAcadSciUSA2006;103:1882-1887.10.LiYH,(6)ZhouYH,ZhuangH.Detectionof….JVirolMethods2005;130:45-50.11.ZhouYH,PurcellRH,EmersonSU.AtruncatedORF2protein….Vaccine2005;23:3157-3165.12.ZhouYH,etal.AnELISAforputativeneutralizing….Vaccine2004;22:2578-2585.13.ZhouYH.Prevalenceofnon-pneumonic….Lancet2004;363(9423):1825-1826.14.ZhouYH,ChenZ.Istheimmunesystemimpaired…?ClinInfectDis2004;38(6):921-922.15.LiG,ZhaoZ,ChenL,ZhouYH.MildSARS.EmergInfectDis2003;9(9):1182-1183.16.ZhouYH,SugitaniM,EsumiM.Sequencesinthe….ArchVirol2002;147(10):1955-1962.17.ZhouYH,TakekoshiM,etal.Recombinantantibody….AntiviralRes2002;56(1):51-59.18.EsumiM,ZhouYH,etal.Invivoandinvitro….Vaccine2002;20(25-26):3095-3103.19.GotoJ,(8)ZhouYH,etal.PreventionofhepatitisCvirus….HepatolRes2001;19(3):270-283.20.ZhouYH,ShimizuYK,EsumiM.Monoclonalantibodiesto….Virology2000;269(2):276-283.21.ZhouYH,etal.Multiplesequence-reactiveantibodies….Virology1999;256(2):360-370.22.EsumiM,(6)ZhouYH,etal.Experimentalvaccine….ArchVirol1999;144(5):973-980.23.EsumiM,AhmedM,ZhouYH,etal.Murineantibodies….Virology1998;251(1):158-164.SCI杂志发表论文√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√2.HuYL,ZhouYH.ConcernsonBacilleCalmette-Guerin….Vaccine2021;27(14):1987-1988.3.ZhouYH,WuC,ZhuangH.VaccinationagainsthepatitisB….ChinMedJ2021;122(1):98-102.4.HuYL,…,ZhouYH.Influenceofmaternalantibody….Vaccine2021;26(48):6064-6067.1.ZhangG,(5)ZhouYH.Triptolidepromotes…inrats.JEthnopharmacol2021;125(1):41-46.√6I.Introduction

II.MaterialsandMethodsIII.ResultsIV.Discussion

讲解内容VI.Title

V.Abstract

VIII.CasereportVII.Review

7I.如何撰写Introduction

8英文中文研究目的篇幅背景知识理解评价较少较多++±+—++—中英文论文引言异同点如何撰写Introduction

9如何撰写Introduction

“TheIntroductionshouldcontainmaterialdirectlyrelevanttothepresentresearchandstateclearlytheaimsofthestudy.Itshouldsupplysufficientbackgroundinformationtoallowreaderstounderstandandevaluatetheresultsoftheinvestigationwithoutreferringtopreviouspublicationsonthetopic.Faircitationofreferences,ratherthananexhaustivereview,isessential.〞。背景知识2.

研究目的引言必须包括：10如何撰写Introduction背景知识相关内容：扼要、新知识研究侧重点：全面有据可查其逻辑推理需合理使读者能够评价该研究的内容11某种新抗生素肾损害人群中的药物代谢动力学这种新抗生素在肾功能损害病人中出现副作用(尽可能引用所有相关参考文献，证实)－－合理逻辑。如果无副作用这一事实背景－－不合理逻辑。如何撰写Introduction12直接描述：ThisstudyinvestigatedtheprevalenceofHIVinfectionincommercialplasmadonorsinfivecountieslocatedincentralChina.研究目的：最重要，必须明确如何撰写IntroductionThisbiologicallypuzzlingfindingpromptedustoquestionourinitialSV40DNAPCRresultsandtoinvestigatepossiblesourcesoffalsepositiveresults,aswellastoobtainsupportingdataonSV40statusattheRNAandproteinlevels.13研究目的“Specificgoalsofthisprotocolwere:(a)totestalotofrecombinanthepatitisEvaccinethathasbeentestedinhumans,(b)tocomparetwodifferentdosesofthevaccineforimmunogenicityandprotectiveefficacy,(c)to

comparetheimmunogenicityandprotectiveefficacyofoneinjectionversustwoinjectionsofvaccine,(d)todetermineifthevaccinecouldprotectagainstallgenotypesofHEVrecognizedatthetimeofthestudy,(e)todetermineifthevaccinecouldprotectagainstinfectionaswellashepatitis,and(f)todeterminetheminimumprotectivetiterofanti-HEV.标题式描述：?Vaccine2003;21:2607-2615?如何撰写Introduction14“….However,severalissuesremaintobeclarified:(1)Doesthecandidatevaccinedescribedabovecontainalltherelevantepitopes,orarethereimportantepitopesintheN-andC-terminalregionsofORF2orinORF3thatarenotincludedinthecandidatevaccine?(2)Areantibodiesdirectedagainsttheseexcludedregionscross-reactiveamongthefourknowngenotypes?(3)IsitpossibletouseHEVpeptidesderivedfromtheseexcludedregionstoidentifyHEVinfectioninvaccinatedindividuals?〞...“Thesequentialserumsamplesobtainedfromthesenon-vaccinatedandvaccinatedmonkeysafterchallengewithHEVwereusedtoanswerthequestionsposedabove.〞问题式描述：?Vaccine2005;23:3157-3165?如何撰写Introduction研究目的15如何撰写Introduction引言中不必描述的内容教科书不是研究侧重点与论文内容无关其他扼要结果：视杂志要求而定逻辑顺序：以读者容易理解为原那么16英语时态－－现在时态“Peirisetaldemonstratedthatsevereacuterespiratorysyndromeiscausedbyanewlyidentifiedcoronavirus.〞“Peirisetalhavedemonstratedthatsevereacuterespiratorysyndromeiscausedbyanewlyidentifiedcoronavirus.〞如果强调发现的时间，那么就只能使用过去时态，即“In2003,Peirisetaldemonstratedthatsevereacuterespiratorysyndromeiscausedbyanewlyidentifiedcoronavirus.〞，这时就不能再用“In2003,Peirisetalhavedemonstratedthat….〞。用“…iscausedby….〞，而不用“…wascausedby….〞，如何撰写Introduction17引言实例1：负面例子题目：Combinedtherapywithtranscatheterarterialchemoembolizationandpercutaneousmicrowavecoagulationforsmallhepatocellularcarcinoma续下页肝动脉化疗栓塞和经皮微波凝固联合治疗小肝癌18

Surgicalresection

[1],transcatheterarterialchemoembolization

(TACE),andpercutaneousethanolinjection

(PEI)

[2-4]areeffectivetherapiesforsmallhepatocellular

carcinoma(HCC).However,forpatientswithpoorliver

functions,hepatectomyisnotthefirsttreatmentchoice.

TACEisnoteffectiveforHCCwithapoorblood

supply

[5],andPEIonlyyieldsincompletenecrosisof

thetumorduetotheunevendistributionofethanol

[6].

引言实例1：负面例子续下页引言：19Althoughpercutaneousmicrowavecoagulation

therapy(PMCT)canleadtocompletenecrosisofthe

hepatocarcinomacells,theinducedareaofnecrosis

issmall

[7,8].TACEhastheadvantageofreducingthe

localbloodsupplyofthetumorfoci,resultingin

tissuenecrosisandinflammatoryedema.Therefore,

itcandecreasethecoolingeffectofbloodflowon

theheatingactionofmicrowaves,andenhancethe

coagulationactionofmicrowaves

[9].Inthepresentstudy,

weinvestigatethetherapeuticefficacyofthecombi(n)ed

therapyofTACEandPMCTforthetreatmentofsmall

HCC.引言实例1：负面例子接上页20实例1缺乏X描述与本研究几乎无关的内容：Surgicalresection

andpercutaneousethanolinjection

(PEI)顺序：X

先描述缺点连贯性：X

TACEisnoteffectiveforHCCwithapoorblood

supply

[5],…,…,TACEhastheadvantageof

….先特点或优点，再缺乏全面描述一件事情后，再描述另一件事缺乏逻辑背景拼写错误没有清楚描述目的21

Surgicalresection

[1],transcatheterarterialchemoembolization

(TACE),andpercutaneousethanolinjection

(PEI)

[2-4]areeffectivetherapiesforsmallhepatocellular

carcinoma(HCC).However,forpatientswithpoorliver

functions,hepatectomyisnotthefirsttreatmentchoice.

TACEisnoteffectiveforHCCwithapoorblood

supply

[5],andPEIonlyyieldsincompletenecrosisof

thetumorduetotheunevendistributionofethanol

[6].

实例1：续下页22引言实例2：正面例子续下页题目：CombinationTherapywithTranscatheterArterialChemoembolizationandPercutaneousMicrowaveCoagulationTherapyforHepatocellularCarcinoma肝动脉化疗栓塞和经皮微波凝固联合治疗肝癌23Percutaneousmicrowavecoagulationtherapy(PMCT)

wasdeveloped

toinducecomplete,local,tissuenecrosisinhepatocellular

carcinoma(HCC)[1–3].

Inpreviousstudies,PMCTdemonstratedthe

feasibilityofefficaciouslytreatingsmallHCCsmeasuring≤2.0cmin

greatestdimension.Patientsinthesestudieshada5-yrsurvival-rate

ofabout70%[4].

However,coagulatedareasinducedbyPMCTaresmall

whenonly1microwaveelectrodeisinsertedintothetumor.Therefore,

producingextensivenecrosisofnotonlythetumorbutalsoof

theneighboringnoncanceroustissuerequiresmultiplemicrowave

electrodeinsertions[4].

续下页引言实例2：正面例子24Toreducethenumberofmicrowaveelectrode

insertionsandtotreatlargertumors(>2.0cm),PMCTwasperformed

aftertranscatheterarterialchemoembolization(TACE)ofthe

HCCs.AreductionofthecoolingeffectofPMCTbyfirstusingTACE

todecreasearterialbloodflowinthetumorareawashypothesized.

EnhancedmicrowavethermalcoagulationafterapplicationofTACE

wasalsohypothesizedbecauseTACEwasexpectedtoproduceextensivetissuenecrosis(duetoischemia)andedematouschange(waterretentionduetoinflammation)ofthetumorarea.ThisstudyreportsclinicalresultsofacombinedtherapythatusesPMCTafterTACEfornodularHCCsmeasuring>2.0cmbut≤3.0cmingreatestdimension.接上页引言实例2：正面例子25实例2优点描述内容与本研究密切相关，无无关内容顺序：连贯性：先特点或优点，再缺乏全面描述一件事情后，再描述另一件事逻辑合理目的明确26引言实例：正面例子(330字左右)题目：晚期肝细胞癌患者外周血肝细胞的检测肝细胞癌(HCC)是一种常见恶性肿瘤，全球每年约25万人因该病死亡。未经治疗的晚期HCC患者平均存活时间小于4个月。小肝癌或无明显转移患者经手术切除后生存期明显延长[1,2]，而晚期(TNM分期III期或IV期)患者即使手术切除或肝移植后复发率仍很高[3,4]，原因与肝脏其他部位未发现的肿瘤、癌细胞侵入肝脏血管以及微转移等有关[4,5]。癌细胞经血播散是肿瘤转移的途径之一，然而，由于检测方法的局限，很难直接检测血循环中的癌细胞。最近，高灵敏的逆转录聚合酶链反响(RT-PCT)能检测到外周血中的黑色素瘤细胞[6]。27引言实例：正面例子题目：晚期肝细胞癌患者外周血肝细胞的检测在本研究中，我们利用RT-PCR检测HCC患者循环中的癌细胞。人白蛋白基因的mRNA表达是肝细胞特异性标志，循环中任何产生白蛋白mRNA的细胞应该来自肝细胞。我们假设，循环中的肝细胞很可能来自于肝脏肿瘤，因此，进行了本研究以验证这一假设。28II.如何撰写MaterialsandMethods29中英文论文“材料与方法〞的区别英文中文稿约规定具体操作他人重复明确不明确详细能不能不详细如何撰写MaterialsandMethods30“MaterialsandMethods〞shouldbesufficientlycompletetopermitaqualifiedreadertorepeattheexperiments.Thissectionshouldcontainallthedetailsnecessarytorepeattheexperimentalprocedure.Allpertinenttechnicaldetailsshouldbespecifiedandbedetailedenoughtopermitrepetitionoftheexperiments.英文杂志稿约常见规定如何撰写MaterialsandMethods31已经建立但并未广泛使用的方法：新方法或者关键方法：根本原那么常规方法：只需提及名称，无需引用参考文献。如何撰写MaterialsandMethods没有改动－－提及方法的名称，加参考文献；有改动－－参考文献并需要说明。需详细描述每一步骤，包括所用试剂的具体配方、浓度、酸碱度等。

32具体事项1.时态：过去时态。不能使用命令句。2.研究材料是否需要单独列入“Reagents〞一节：否…themembraneswereincubatedfor30minwithahorseradishperoxidase-conjugatedanti-mouseoranti-humanIgGF(ab’)2(Sigma,St.Louis,USA)diluted2000-foldinPBS.Theproteinbandswerevisualizedbyadding3,3'-diaminobenzidene(Sigma).3.关键材料单独一节，以给读者留下深刻的影响。如何撰写MaterialsandMethods334.使用已经建立的方法时，如无改动，那么不必再描述具体的操作，在引用参考文献的同时，最好写出方法的名称。AntibodiesagainstSARS-CoV

weredetectedaspreviouslydescribed[1].AntibodiesagainstSARS-CoVweredetectedwithanELISAaspreviouslydescribed[1].AntibodiesagainstSARS-CoVweredetectedwithanELISAbasedontheinactivatedvirusaspreviouslydescribed[1].具体事项如何撰写MaterialsandMethods345．使用已发表的方法，如有改动，那么需说明改动的地方，同时引用参考文献。实例：“Immunofluorescencemicroscopy(IFM)wasperformedasdescribedpreviously[5]withminormodifications.Briefly,…〞。6.撰写时，直接围绕材料与方法展开即可，不需要说明做这些的目的，此类内容必须放在“结果〞局部。具体事项如何撰写MaterialsandMethods357.使用动物:除种类(species):小鼠、家兔等数量动物的品系(strain):如小鼠中的BALB/c,C57BL/6等其他特性:月龄、体重等道德标准具体事项如何撰写MaterialsandMethods36道德标准描述例子：TheanimalexperimentsinthisstudywereapprovedbytheInstitutionalAnimalCareandUseCommitteeofXxx(institutename).AllexperimentsintheanimalswereapprovedbytheUniversityofXxxAnimalEthicsReviewBoardandperformedinaccordancewiththeguidelinesoftheNationalHealthandMedicalResearchCouncilofYyy(countryname).TheanimalsreceivedhumanecareinindividualcagesaccordingtothecriteriaoutlinedintheGuidefortheCareandUseofLaboratoryAnimalspreparedbyXxx(institutename).具体规定请参见作者所在单位的文件或参照美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)所制订的?NationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)GuidefortheCareandUseofLaboratoryAnimals?，网址为：://具体事项如何撰写MaterialsandMethods37具体事项如何撰写MaterialsandMethodsMicewerekilledbycervicaldislocation…TheprotocolsofanimalusecompliedwiththePrinciplesofLaboratoryAnimalCare(NIHPublication85-23,revised1995)Miceweresacrificed

byetherinhalation

(afteretherexposure)…√×如果描述是根据NIH的规定：NIH指南规定不能用断颈处死小鼠388．研究涉及人时，需要单位伦理道德审定委员会的批准，个人知情同意(informedconsent)。常用写法：Thestudyprotocolwasapprovedbythelocalethicscommittee(或bytheInstitutionalEthicsBoardofXxx),andallpatients(subjects)gavewritteninformedconsenttotheirparticipationinthestudy,whichfollowedtheethicalguidelinesoftheDeclarationofHelsinki.(赫尔辛基宣言，具体内容参见)。具体事项如何撰写MaterialsandMethods39如果研究对象<18岁，知情同意的签字人必须是家长或法定监护人；如果病人病情很重或者昏迷不能签字时，知情同意的签字人必须是直系亲属或有关人员。例如：“Spinalfluidsamplesweretakenfrom27informedandconsentingpatientswithmeningitis,threeofthemwithcomafor2-4days.〞。X可用：“Writteninformedconsentwasobtainedfromparents,guardians,orpatients(if18yearsorolder).〞具体事项如何撰写MaterialsandMethods409．化合物和药名原那么上均需使用通用名称(genericname)，而不使用商品名，例如，福尔马林〔formalin〕不能用，而要用甲醛〔formaldehyde〕。10．如果研究涉及核酸和蛋白质序列，需将新的序列提交于相应的数据库，在论文中注明登记号(accessionnumber)。其名称以及网址为：GenBank：://EMBLNucleotideSequenceSubmissions：:///DNADataBankofJapan：:///具体事项如何撰写MaterialsandMethods41ThenucleotidesequencesdeterminedinthisstudyhavebeensubmittedtotheGenBankdatabaseandassignedaccessionno.AF242585andAF242586.Datadeposition:ThesequencesreportedinthispaperhavebeendepositedintheGenBankdatabase(accessionnos.AF222311–AF222323).具体事项如何撰写MaterialsandMethods4211．如果研究涉及基因组学和蛋白质组学，有关内容必须符合相应的标准，即MinimumInformationAboutMicroarrayDataExperiments(MIAME)，网址为：://论文中的相关内容需提交于美国国立生物技术信息中心〔NCBI〕的基因表达汇编(GeneExpressionOmnibus,GEO)，注明登记号。网址为：:///geo/12．统计：说明统计方法的名称，或标明使用软件即可。具体事项如何撰写MaterialsandMethods43实例1：负面例子II.如何撰写MaterialsandMethodsPatientdata Atotalof35patientsreceivedthecombinedtherapyofTACEandPMCTinourhospitalbetweenApril2005andMay2007.Thesepatientscomprised27

malesandeightfemales,withanagerangeof27-78years,andameanageof56.69±14.02years.

AllpatientshadahistoryofhepatitisBandlivercirrhosis,withliverfunctionscategorizedasclassAbyChild-Pughclassification.AllofthecasesmetthediagnosticcriteriaofprimaryHCC.Twenty-eightcaseswereconfirmedbypathologicalexamination

ofpuncture-biopsiedspecimensundertheguidanceofcomputedtomograghy(CT)beforePMCT.Twenty-fivecaseshadelevatedlevelsofserumalpha-fetoprotein(AFP).

Thesizeofthetumorfocuswasdeterminedbymeasurementofthelargestandshortestdiametersofthelargestsection.

Alltumorfociwerelessthan3cmindiameter.44II.如何撰写MaterialsandMethods分析：逻辑顺序：先诊断，再治疗。－－实际描述相反。x本研究着重治疗，诊断方法过于详细。x某些描述不易理解：Thesizeofthetumorfocuswasdeterminedbymeasurementofthelargestandshortestdiametersofthelargestsection.

描述不详细：入组标准等，见实例2实例1：负面例子45实例2：正面例子II.如何撰写MaterialsandMethodsPatients第一段：病人根本情况BetweenMarch1997andOctober1998,18patientswithcirrhosisandasinglenodularHCCparticipatedinthisstudy.Inallcases,thepathogenesisofcirrhosiswashepatitisCvirus.Thefollow-upperiodendedinOctober1999.Thedetailsoneachpatientweresummarized(Table1).ThesitesofthelesionsweredefinedaccordingtoCouinaud’ssegmentalmodeloftheliver[5].简洁、明了46II.如何撰写MaterialsandMethodsRequirementsforthisevaluationoftheefficacyofusingTACEfollowedbyPMCTforlocalcontrolofliverlesionswereasfollows:1.Variousimagingmodesdidnotdetectanyextrahepaticmetastasesorportaltumorthromboses.2.Theobjectoftreatmentwaslimitedtoasolitarynodulartumor.3.Thesizeofthelesionwas>2.0cmbut≤3.0cm.4.Thetumorwaslocatedononesubsegment.5.LiverfunctionwasChild-PughClassAorClassBwithoutrefractoryascitesorseverebleedingtendencies.6.Alltumorvesselsorwholetumorstainscouldbeseenonhepaticarteryangiographs.7.AllpatientswereeligibleforTACE.8.Allpatientsrequestednosurgicaltreatment.9.Informedconsentwasobtainedfromallpatientsandtheirfamilymembers.Patients第二段：入组条件实例2：正面例子47II.如何撰写MaterialsandMethods Inthisstudy,tumorsshowingextrahepaticextensionwereexcludedbecauseofthedifficultyofmaintainingtheelectrodepuncture-line.Tumorslocatednearthegallbladderorgastrointestinalorganswerealsoexcludedbecauseofthepossibilityofbileleakageintotheperitonealcavityorperforationoftheorgansbyheatinjury.Furthermore,anypatientwhosetumorwasadjacenttothelargefirstbranchoftheportalvein,thelargehepaticvein,ortheinferiorvenacavawasexcluded.Thereasonforthisexclusionisthatcirculatingbloodhasacoolingeffect,sothepresenceofthesevesselscoulddecreasemicrowave-induced,thermaltissue-coagulation.Patients第三段：排除条件实例2：正面例子48II.如何撰写MaterialsandMethods Cancerstagingwasperformedusingultrasonography,dynamiccomputedtomography(CT),dynamicmagneticresonanceimaging,anddigitalsubtractionangiography.Thehistologicdiagnosiswasconfirmedbyultrasound(US)-guided,fine-needlebiopsy.Patients 第四段：诊断实例2：正面例子49实例1：仅以下2局部，过于简单II.如何撰写MaterialsandMethodsPatientdataTherapeuticmethodsPatientsEquipment

XMicrowavecoagulationsystemTechniqueTACEPMCTFollow-upClassificationofthePatternsofRecurrence实例2：详细，包括以下5局部，他人容易重复分析：50材料与方法：正面例子题目：晚期肝细胞癌患者外周血肝细胞的检测一.研究对象：正常志愿者、HCC患者、其他肿瘤肝转移者、肝硬化以及肝硬化肝移植者均来自本院肝移植组。肝癌分期按TNM标准进行[x]。外科标本和血标本按常规方法收集。二.细胞培养：肝癌细胞株Hep3B和乳腺癌细胞株MCF7用于确定方法的灵敏度。细胞在含10％的胎牛血清(LifeTechnologies,Bethesda,MD)的DEME培养基中培养。每3-4天换培养基一次，每7天细胞传代(1:10)一次。用细胞计数器计数。病人与方法51材料与方法：正面例子题目：晚期肝细胞癌患者外周血肝细胞的检测三.外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)别离：枸橼酸抗凝的10ml外周血用Ficoll细胞别离液(Pharmacia,Piscataway,NJ)一步法别离PBMC。简言之，10ml外周血与等量PBS混合，轻轻叠加于10mlFicoll液上，400xg离心30min，从血浆和Ficoll液交界处吸取PBMC，用PBS洗涤4次，低速离心，收集细胞。四.RNA提取：按Chomczynski等报道的步骤[参考文献]用RNAzol试剂(CinnaBiotex,Houston,TX)提取细胞总RNA。52材料与方法：正面例子题目：晚期肝细胞癌患者外周血肝细胞的检测五.RT-PCR：根据既往报道的方法将RNA逆转录为cDNA，并用人白蛋白基因特异的引物扩增[x]。引物序列：上游引物为5’-GCTCAGTATCTTCAGCAGTGTCC-3’，下游引物为5’-TGGGTTGTCATCATTGTGGTTC-3’。引物位置分别位于3号和4号外显子，以防止RNA标本中被DNA污染。根据Liu等[x]的方法检测环孢素A亲合素(Cyclophilin)基因表达作为对照。反响体积为20ul，其中含1ugRNA、200U小鼠白血病病毒逆转录酶和2UTaq-DNA聚合酶(LifeTechnologies)，37°C逆转录10min后立即在同一试管中PCR扩增30循环〔94°C1min，55°C1min，72°C1min〕，最后延伸7min。取10ulPCR产物在6％聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳，溴化乙锭染色后紫外灯观察。53材料与方法：正面例子题目：晚期肝细胞癌患者外周血肝细胞的检测六.DNA序列分析：用USB测序试剂盒(Cleveland,OH)测定PCR产物的DNA序列。54Patients(173words)〔1〕FromJanuary2002toDecember2005,86irondeficiencyanemia(IDA)adultpatientswithHpylori-positivechronicgastritiswereenrolled.〔2〕Theparticipantscomprised36womenand50men;medianage53years,range18-76.〔3〕AccordingtoSydneySystem,thepatientswerediagnosedashavingatrophy,intestinalmetaplasia,orantralversusbodygastritis,in34,27,and25cases,respectively.〔4〕Accordingtothecriteria[13],IDAwasdefinedashemoglobin(Hb)concentration<120g/Linthemenand<110g/Linthewomen,serumferritin(SF)<12µg/L,meancorpuscularhemoglobin(MCH)<27pg,andmeancorpuscularvolume(MCV)<80fL.〔5〕Obviouscausesofbloodloss,suchasactivegastrointestinalhemorrhage,menometorrhagiaorheavymenstrualloss,andanyothernon-gastrointestinaldiseaselikelytocauseIDA,wereexclusioncriteriaforthisstudy.〔6〕Alsoexcludedfromthestudyprotocolwerepatientswithpreviousgastricsurgery,andthosewhoreceivedanti-Hpyloritreatmentoranti-secretorydrugsbefore.〔7〕Patientswhowerelactatingorpregnantandthosewithmalnutritionorcancerwerealsoexcluded.英文“材料与方法〞负面实例分析题目：EffectsofHpyloritherapyonerythrocyticandironparametersinirondeficiencyanemiapatientswithHpylori-positivechronicgastritis55冗长，过于详细，反复使用同一个词描述不清：一件事情没有描述清楚，就转到另一件事情，然后再回到这件事情不同性质的事情放在同一句子描述该段描述存在以下缺乏：如何撰写MaterialsandMethods英文“材料与方法〞负面实例分析题目：EffectsofHpyloritherapyonerythrocyticandironparametersinirondeficiencyanemiapatientswithHpylori-positivechronicgastritis56改写：Thisstudyenrolled86irondeficiencyanemia(IDA)patients(50men,36women;medianage,53years;range,18to76years)withHpylori-positivechronicgastritisfromJanuary2002toDecember2005.IDAwasdefinedbasedonthecriteriaof…[13].Ofthem,34,27,and25patientswerediagnosedwithatrophy,intestinalmetaplasia,andantralversusbodygastritisrespectively

accordingtoSydneySystem[参考文献].Subjectswereexcludediftheymetoneofthefollowingcriteria:(1)anyobviousbloodloss,suchasactivegastrointestinalhemorrhage,menometorrhagiaorheavymenstrualloss;(2)anyothernon-gastrointestinaldiseaselikelytocauseIDA;(3)historyofgastricsurgery;(4)anti-Hpyloritreatmentoranti-secretorydrugs;(5)lactatingorpregnant;(6)malnutrition;and(7)anykindofcancer.Patients(124words)如何撰写MaterialsandMethods英文负面实例修改57III.如何撰写Results58中英文论文结果局部撰写比较英文中文结果完整性实验目的方法名称原始＋总结总结±原始有有无无图表较少较多图表说明过于简单详细关键结果不突出突出如何撰写Results59一．原始资料和总结性结果原始资料：datum〔data〕〔afactusedtodrawaconclusionormakeadecision〕。未经过处理修饰的资料:病症和体证、各种数据、图像、组织学等。 表达形式：图、表和文字描述。例如，谷丙转氨酶为200U/L总结性结果：result〔theconsequenceofaparticularaction,operation,orcourse;anoutcome〕。将原始资料总结或转换后得出的结果，其表达形式多为文字描述，也可用图表。例如，谷丙转氨酶200U/L写成肝功能异常如何撰写Results60二．中英文论文对结果局部描述存在的差异1．结果的全面性：

英文论文：原始资料和总结性结果。如果只有总结性结果，常要用datanotshown。中文论文：以总结性结果为主。原始资料的描述不够详细，甚至不提供原始资料。如何撰写Results61二．中英文论文对结果局部描述存在的差异2．选择研究方法的原因或目的属于“Results〞的内容：英文论文：一般需要说明使用这些方法的目的〔即为什么〕，同时提及具体方法的名称，然后再详细描述用这种〔些〕方法得到的结果。有时还需要描述自己或他人已发表的相关研究结果，作为选择本方法进行研究的背景。中文论文：通常只有结果的描述，一般不描述这些具体实验的目的。如何撰写Results1．结果的全面性：

即某具体实验设计的理由

623．图表与正文内容的重复：中文----文字描述不要与图表重复，∴简单地写成“结果见表1〞或“结果见图1〞，再没有其他的文字加以说明或解释。英文----扼要描述已经用图表表示的内容，即文字描述总结性结果，特别是重要的研究结果。对论文起着关键性作用的图表，那么需要较为详细的描述。二．中英文论文对结果局部描述存在的差异如何撰写Results2．选择研究方法的原因或目的属于“Results〞的内容：1．结果的全面性：

634．图表的注释：图：图注说明〔Figurelegend〕表格：脚注〔Footnote〕英文论文：图表能完整表达图的内容，即读者阅读图表和图 表说明后，不必参阅正文，能理解图表内容。

图表注释原那么上是帮助读者理解图表内容，而不能直接说明结果是阴性或阳性〔有效/无效〕，这些描述应该放在正文中。二．中英文论文对结果局部描述存在的差异中文论文中的多数图表注释过于简单，仅根据图表，读者无 法理解其内容。

如何撰写Results645．对主要结果的分析等不属于‘Results’的内容：√某些非关键结果的分析〔扼要、讨论时不再重复〕。×潜在意义。×关键结果的分析。×与他人结果的比较。×可能机理分析。二．中英文论文对结果局部描述存在的差异如何撰写Results65三．如何处理可写可不写的内容PCR扩增后DNA电泳结果，既可以用图〔原始资料〕表示，也可以不用电泳图，而仅仅用文字〔总结性结果〕描述。如何撰写Results结果较多时－－不用电泳图，文字描述。结果较少时－－用电泳图，再用文字描述。关键性结果－－用电泳图，再用文字描述。66III.如何撰写ResultsRESULTS，共5段 Onetothreeweeksafterall41fociweretreatedwithTACE,thesefocireceivedPMCTtreatmentonce.Amongthem,sixfociweretreatedwithasecondPMCTwithin1wk.第一段Patientdata

….….Allofthecases(35)metthediagnosticcriteriaofprimaryHCC.…….矛盾：在“MaterialsandMethods〞没有描述41foci。该段无实际意义。实例1：负面例子67III.如何撰写ResultsRESULTS

PathologicalexaminationsofbiopsiedspecimensandenhancedCTafterPMCTshowedcompletetumornecrosisin34foci,togetherwithcompletering-shapednecrosisofthesurroundingnon-canceroushepaticparenchymaltissue,measuring3-5mminwidth(Figure1).Sevenotherfocishowedcompletenecrosisofthetumor,withincompletenecrosisofthesurroundingnon-canceroushepaticparenchyma.第二段－－效果Patientdata…….Twenty-eightcaseswereconfirmedbypathologicalexamination….再次矛盾原始结果不详细：见后实例1：负面例子68III.如何撰写ResultsFigure1PathologicalexaminationsofbiopsiedspecimensandenhancedCTafterPMCTshowedcompletetumornecrosisin34foci,togetherwithcompletering-shapednecrosisofthesurroundingnon-canceroushepaticparenchymaltissue,measuring3-5mminwidth.A:CTscanofaprimaryHCCintherightanteriorlobeoftheliver,withadiameterof1.6cm×1.4cm;B:AfterTACE,theaccumulationofiodizedoilinthetumorareawassatisfactory;C:PMCTwasinitiated17dlater;D:OnemonthafterPMCT,anenhancedCTscanshowedacompletenon-enhancedareaofthetumor,andanon-cancerousring-shapedareasurroundingthetumor(measuring4-5mm),indicatingcompletenecrosisofthetumorlesion.实例1：负面例子69III.如何撰写ResultsFigure1.PathologicalexaminationsofbiopsiedspecimensandenhancedCTafterPMCTshowedcompletetumornecrosisin34foci,togetherwithcompletering-shapednecrosisofthesurroundingnon-canceroushepaticparenchymaltissue,measuring3-5mminwidth.A:CTscanofaprimaryHCCintherightanteriorlobeoftheliver,withadiameterof1.6cm×1.4cm;B:AfterTACE,theaccumulationofiodizedoilinthetumorareawassatisfactory;C:PMCTwasinitiated17dlater;D:OnemonthafterPMCT,anenhancedCTscanshowedacompletenon-enhancedareaofthetumor,andanon-cancerousring-shapedareasurroundingthetumor(measuring4-5mm),indicatingcompletenecrosisofthetumorlesion.实例1：负面例子70III.如何撰写ResultsRESULTS

Amongthe35patients,serumAFPlevelswere

elevatedin25;theAFPlevelsinthese25patients

returnedtonormal

within10daftertreatment.

第三段原来AFP值？没有原始结果。 TheserumAFPinall25patientswhooriginallyhadtheelevatedlevelsreturnedtonormal

within10daftertreatment.改写：英文描述欠缺。实例1：负面例子71III.如何撰写ResultsRESULTS

Post-embolizationsymptomsincludedfever,pain,

nausea,andvomitingafterTACE,allofwhichwere

relievedbyanti-inflammatory,liverprotection,and

sedationtreatment.IntheprocessofPMCT,most

patientscomplainedoflocalburningpain,whichwas

generallytolerable,butinsomepatients,themicrowave

coagulationtherapyh