2023-2024学年北京市东城区高三上册期末英语模拟试题（附答案）

2023-2024学年北京市东城区高三上学期期末英语模拟试题一、第一部分知识运用第一节完形填空1、阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。When19-yearoldAliceDickinsonfoundoutherfatherhadcancer,her

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wasalittledifferentthanyoumightexpect.Tohonorherfather,whoshealsodescribesasherbestfriend,shedecidedtostartabookdrivecalledForLove,

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booksforkidswithcancer."Itwasverymuchanovernightidea,"sheexplains."Ipostedamessageonanappaskingmyneighborsforusedbookdonations.Iwasonlyexpectingafewhereandthere,buttheresponsewastruly

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anditwasjustthepushIneededtoco-existwithmysadnessratherthanlettingit

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me.""Itwasabsolutelyheartbreakingtowatchmydad

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cancerandseehimlosealittlebitofhimselfeachday,butthebookdriveallowedmeto

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anewfoundsenseofpurposemixedwithanevengreatersenseofsympathyanddesiretohelpothers.Iwantedtohelp

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.They'vealwaysheldasoftspotinmyheart."Usingthe

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sheearnsfromworkingatherparents'breadshop,Alicehasboughtmanybooksoutofherownpocket.Inaddition,shereceivesdonationsthroughheronlinewishlist.Alicespentawholesummerdrivingaroundtown,loadingboxesofbooksintohercar."Itwassuchauniquecxperiencetoknowpeoplehadcarriedthesebooksalltheirlivesthroughgenerations,andtheywantedto

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themtomycause."Theprojecthasscenahuge

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,withForLovedonatingover15,000booksandbeingwidelyrecognizedbythemedia.(1)

A.suffcring B.explanation C.response D.treatment (2)

A.writing B.promoting C.reading D.collecting (3)

A.appropriate B.incredible C.familiar D.immediate (4)

A.excuse B.consume C.dismiss D.touch (5)

A.throwoff B.keepfrom C.lookinto D.gothrough (6)

A.evaluate B.develop C.regain D.provide (7)

A.kids B.neighbors C.friends D.parents (8)

A.credit B.interest C.awards D.tips (9)

A.gift B.lend C.submit D.mail (10)

A.market B.profit C.success D.demand 第二节语法填空2、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AMysix-year-olddaughter,Rona,listenedattentivelytotheradioonthehardshipspeoplesuffered

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poorareas.ItwasthedayafterRona'sbirthday.andhergrandmotherhadgivenhersomemoney.Whentheofferingbasketcamearound,Rona

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(reach)intoherpocket,pulledoutherbirthdaymoney,andputitinthebasket."Yourgrandmotherwantedyoutousethattobuysomethingnicefor

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(you),"Isaid."Idid,"Ronarepliedwithabigsmile.“Iboughthappiness."3、 BSomepeoplearelivingverylonglives.Whataresomeoftheirsccretstolongevity？

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(eat)therightfoodplaysabigrole.Exerciseisalsoimportanl.studyfoundthatpeoplewhoexercisedat

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(recommend)levelsgained3.4yearsoflifecomparedtothose

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wereinactive.Inaddition.thereisalsoalinkbetwecnhappinessandlifen-happypeoplewithapositiveOutlookonlifetendtolive

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(long)andexperienceberterhealththantheirunhappypeers.4、 CAstudyshows176birdspecieshavebeenfoundtobuildnestswithhumanlitter,suchasplasticbagsandfishingnets.

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worriesthescientistsisthatsuchmaterialscanharmchicksandevenadultbirds.Thestudy

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(review)researchcoveringalmost35,000nestsandfindsthatbirdsusehuman-madematerialsinnestsonallcontinentsexceptAntarctica.Whilesuchbehaviour

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(observe)asearlyasinthe1830s,inrecentyearsithasundoubtedlyincreased.二、第二部分阅读理解第一节5、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.AConnectedtoeachotherlikeneverbefore,youngpeopletodayarebecomingagentsofchange,increasinglycontributingtoinnovativesolutionsthatimprovepeople'slivesandtheplanet'shealth.TheUnitedNationsInstituteforTrainingandResearchisthereforedelightedtolaunchtheYoungLeadersOnlineTrainingProgramme,afour-weeke-Learningcourse,toprovideparticipantswiththeknowledgeandskillstofullyunfoldtheirpotentialasgloballeaders.CONTENTOnlineLearningModulesModule1:TheUnitedNations(3-9June2024)Module2:ConferenceDiplomacy（外交）(10-16June2024)Module3:SustainableDevelopmentGoals(17-23June2024)Module4:InternationalCommunication(24-30June2024)Eachmodulewillcompriseabout30pagesofliterature,externallinks,videos,andotherrelevantmaterial,correspondingtoatotalworkloadof40-45hoursduringthefourweeks.LiveComponentsEache-LearningmodulewillgowithaseriesoflivemeetingswithUNexperts.Thesewillhavevaryinglengthsandformats,includinge-workshops,mock（模拟的）

interviews,etc.COMPLETIONREOUIREMENTSPurticipantsarequalifiedforacoursecertificateuponsuccessfulcompletionofthecomponentsbelow;Rendingthefourmodules'content.YoumaywishtostudythematerialthroughtheinteractiveprogrammeArticulateStorylineorsimplydownloadthePDFversionofthecontent.Theyareidenticalincontentandaremeanttogiveparticipantsflexibilityinthewaytostudy.Participationinthediscussionboardforums（论坛）.Youaresupposedtoanswerquestionsoneverymoduleinshorttexts.Yourpostswillbeevaluatedaccordingtobothquantityandquality.Passingthemultiple-choiceassessments.Eachmodulefeaturesanassessmentquizatitsend.Itcontains10questions,andpassingthemodulerequiresatleast8outof10questionscorrectlyanswered.(1)Whatisthemainaimofthecourse?A.Toimprovethelivesofyoungpeople.B.Toconnecttheyoutharoundtheworld.C.Tocollectinnovativeideasfromyoungpeople.D.Tobuilduptheyouth'sgloballeadershipability.(2)Whatwillparticipantsdoineachmodule?A.Readgreatworksofliterature.B.Spend40-45hoursonlearning.C.MakevideosfortheUnitedNations.D.HaveonlinemeetingswithUNexperts.(3)Togetacoursecertificate,aparticipantneedsto

.A.takepartinthediscussionsB.postquestionsoneachmoduleC.copythePDFversionofthecontentD.answerallthetestquestionscorrectly6、 BWhenIfirstheardabouttheimprov（即兴表演）classes,Iwastorn.Asanintrovert,Ifearedgettingonstageandimprovisinginfrontofstrangers.However,IknewIwantedtoworkasasciencecommunicatorafterfinishingmyPh.D.,soitseemedliketheperfectopportunitytoimprovemyspeakingabilityandgainconfidencethinkingonmyfeet.Duringourfirstclass,welearnedacoreconceptofimprov:"yes,and."Itmeansthat,asimprovisers,weacceptwhatfellowperformerssay.Ifsomeonesaysthatrhinos（犀牛）arelibrarians,forexample,thenrhinosarelibrarians.Wedonotquestionthelogic;wesay"yes"andcontinuewiththesceneasifnohimiswrong.Igotatasteofhowdifficultthatwaswhenactingoutmyfirstscene.Myclassmateturnedtomeandsaid,"Momisgoingtobesomad."Madaboutwhat?Mymindspunoutideas,andmyinnercriticshotthemalldown.Webrokethecar?No,that'stooeasy.Wefailedatest?No,youdon'twantyourclassmatesthinkingyou'restupidonthefirstday.IfinallyJandedonananswer:"Yes,we'regoingtobelatefordinner."Thesceneproceededfromthere,andweeventuallyfinishedastwosisterswholosttheirwayonahikingtrail.Thefirstfewsceneswerehard,butasweeksturnedintomonths,Ibecamemorecomfortablethinkingonmyfeetandevenstartedtoenjoyourclasses.Ineversilencedmyinnercriticentirely,butovertime,Ididn'tpolicemywordswithquitesomucheffort.Ialsobecamebetteratlistening,relatingtomyconversationpartners,andcommunicatingclearlyinthemoment.Thattrainingproveduseful6monthsago,whenmyexperimentsgeneratedunreasonabledata.Earlyoningraduateschool,Iwouldgetstuckwhenthishappened;myinnercriticwouldassumeIhadmadeamistake.Butthen,afterembracingthe"yes,and"concept,insteadofgettingdiscouraged,Ikeptexploringthedataandendedupidentifyinganewtypeofceli-onethatwasn'tbehavingasexpected.IfIbadn'tacceptedthepossibilitythattheresultswerereal,IwouldhavemissedoutonthemostexcitingfindingofmyPh.D.sofar.Allscientistscanbenefitfromthislesson.Ifthedatasayrhinosarelibrarians,thenit'sworthinvestigatingwhetherrhinosare,infact,librarians.Ourjobasscientistsisn'ttogeneratedatathatsupportapreconceived（预想的）story.Ourjobistosay"yes,and."(1)Whydidtheauthortaketheimprovclasses?A.Toimproveherlogicalmind.B.TofinishherPh.D.assignment.C.Todevelophercommunicationskills.D.Topursueherinterestinperformance.(2)Howdidtheauthorfeelduringthefirstscene?A.Conflicted.B.Bored.C.Discouraged.D.Embarrassed.(3)Accordingtotheauthor,inherexperiments,"yes,and"helpedher

.A.acceptfailuresB.makeanewdiscoveryC.makeupforamistakeD.correctunreasonabledata(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Theunknowncanbeaninspiration.B.Theunexpectedcanberewarding.C.Theunfortunatecanbeachance.D.Theunusualcanbedecisive.7、 CWhenwe'resolvingacomplicatedproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm,We'relookingtogetthebestideasasquicklyaspossible.Ilovesecingithappenexceptforonetinywrinkle.Groupbrainstormingusuallybackfires.Extensiveevidenceshowsthatwhenwegencrateideastogether,we'reunlikelytomaximizecollectiveintelligence.AsthehumouristJobnSmithsaid,"Ifyouhadtoidentify,inoneword,thereasonwhythehumanracehasnotachieved,andneverwillachieve,itsfullpotential,thatwordwouldbe:'meetings',"Buttheproblemisn'tmeetingsthemselves-it'showwerunthem.Thinkaboutthebrainstormingsessionsyou'veattended.You'veprobablyseenpeoplebitetheirtonguesduetoegothreat("Idon'twanttolookstupid."),noise("Wecan'talltalkatonce."),andconformitypressure("Let'salljumpontheboss'sship!").Goodbyediversityofthought,hellogroupthink.Tounearththehiddenpotentialinteams,insteadofbrainstorming,we'rebetterolfshiftingtoaprocesscalled"brainwriting".Theinitialstepsaresolo.Youstartbyaskingeveryonetogenerateideasseparately.Next,youpoolthemandsharethemamongthegroup.Topreserveindependentjudgment,eachmemberevaluatesthemontheirown.Onlythendoestheteamcometogethertoselectandrefinethemostpromisingoptions.Bydevelopingandassessingideasindividuallybeforechoosingthem,teamscansurfaceandadvancepossibilitiesthatmightnotgetattentionotherwise.ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviourscholarAnitaWoolleyandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.Theyfindthatakeytocollectiveintelligenceisfullandfairparticipation.Inbrainstormingmeetings,it'stooeasyforparticipationtobecomelopsidedinfavourofthebiggestegos,theloudestvoices,andthemostpowerfulpeople.Thebrainwritingprocessmakessurethatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintotheconversation.Thegoalisn'ttobethesmartestpersonintheroom-it'stomaketheroomsmarter.Collectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualcreativity.Butitdocsn'tendthere.Individualsproduceagreatervolumeandvarietyofnovelideaswhentheyworkalone.Thatmeansthattheycomeupwithmorebrilliantideasthangroupsbutalsomoreterribleideasthangroups.Ittakescollectivejudgmenttofindthesignalinthenoiseandbringthebestideastofruition.(1)BothJohnSmithandtheauthormayagreethatbrainstormingmeetingsfailto

.A.assesshumans'potentialB.simplifyproblemsquicklyC.acceptpossiblegoodideasD.getthemostoutofindividuals(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"lopsided"inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Informal.B.Unbalanced.C.Improper.D.Unpleasant.(3)Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto

.A.challengeaconclusionB.makeacomparisonC.advocateapracticeD.introducearesearch8、 DScientistsarepoorforecastersofthefuture.Buttwotrendscanbeconfidentlypredicted.First,theworldwillgetmorecrowded.There'llbemorethan9billionpeopleby2050.Second,theworldwillgetwarmerandsomegovernmentswon'tprioritisethelong-termmeasuresneededtodealwithclimatechange,eventhoughscienceoffersusaroadmaptoalow-carbonfuture.That'swhyweshouldbepromotersofnewtechnologywithoutittheworldcan'tprovidethefoodandsustainableenergyneededforanexpandingpopulation.Butweshouldalsobecautious,asnewtechnologies,suchasAI,maybehardtocontrol.AIwillundoubtedlybecomemoreintrusiveinthefuture.Recordsofourmovements,healthandfinancialtransactionswillbestoredinthecloud.Thedatamaybeusedforjustifiablereasons,suchasproteinfoldinganddrugdevelopment,ortowarnusofinitialhealthrisks,butitsavailabilitytoInternetcompaniesisalreadyshiftingthebalanceofpowerfromgovernmentstoglobal-scalecorporations.Actually,it'sbeyondEarththatAIhasthemostcnormouspotential.HumansmayhaveestablishedbasesbeyondEarthbytheyear2100.Butdon'teverexpectmassernigration（移民）fromEarth.It'safalsebeliefthatceoffersanescapefromourproblems.DealingwithclimatechangeonEarthisapieceofcakecomparedtoterraformingMars.Nevertheless,weshouldcheeronthesebravehumanceadventurers.They'llbeill-adaptedtoaMartianhabitat,sothey'llhaveasupermotivetoredesignthemselves.It'sthey,notthoseofusadaptedtolifeonEarth,whowillpioneerthepost-humanera（时代）.Ifprost-humanstrnketheshiftfromfleshandbloodtofullyartificnaluntelligences,theywon'tneedanalmospherofevengravity,soit'sindevpce-notevenonMirsthatnonbological"brins"mnydevloppowersthatwecan'timngane.Theymayendupbuingmentallydifferuntfromus.Alcouldjump-startahugeemigrationandthusevermorecomplexintelligenceapreadsthroughtheunivere.Butlet'srelocusfromthesciencefictionofthefarfuture.closertothehereandnow.Thiscenturyisspecial.It'sthefirst,inEnrth's4.5-billion-yenrhistorywhereonespecies-oursholdstheplaner'sfutureinitshands.(urintclligencecouldinitiatebillionsofyearsofpost-humanevolution（演化）,evenmoreamazingthanthatwhichledtous.Ontheotherhand.humanscouldcausebiological,environmentalorcybercatastrophesthatforecloseallthispotential.Ifscienceistosaveus,weneedtothinkglobally,sensiblyandlong-termempoweredbyscience,butguidedbyvaluesthatsciencealonecan'tprovide.(1)Whydoestheauthormentionthetwotrendsinthefirstparagraph?A.Toreplytogovernments'decisions.B.Toshowscientists'predictionability.C.Topresentacallforscientificadvances.D.Tohighlightthechallengestoscientists.(2)Accordingtothispassage,Alcan

.A.putanendtoclimatechangeB.makemasshumanemigrationpossibleC.speedupthecompetitioninmedicalfieldsD.bringaboutpotentialthreatsfrombigcompanies(3)Asforthefuture.whatdoestheauthoragreewith?A.Post-humanswillrepeatthehistoryofhumans.B.Complexintelligencewilldominatetheuniverse.C.Fullyartificialintelligencesmayinhabitouterce.D.Non-biologicalbrainsmayinviteunforeseendisasters.(4)Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CouldAlSaveUs?B.WillScienceLeadEvolution?C.AreceAdventurersPioneers?D.IsComplexIntelligenceComing?第二节9、根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceofComfortFoodCertainfoodsalwaysgiveusmuchpleasure.

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However,muchofthehappinesswegetfromourfavoritefoodscomesfromthememoriestheybringtousandthepeoplewe'rewithwhileweenjoythem.

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That'swhyourbrainsrewardusforeatinganythingatallbyreleasingachemicalthatenhancesmood.Butasanyonewho'severeatenapplepieknows,sweetscanmakeusfeelespeciallynice.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplewhoareespeciallysensitivetosweetnesshavestrongerbrain-rewardresponsestosugaryfoodsthanlesssweet-sensitivepeopledo.Somefoodsareespeciallyemotionallysatisfyingforreasonsthathavelittletodowiththeirtasteornutritionalcontent,though.

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AndmanyfavoriteAmericancomfortfoodschili,sayarenotparticularlysweetorhighincarbohydrates（碳水化合物）.Oftenwelovefoodbecausewehavefondmemoriesassociatedwithit.OnedishIcannotlivewithoutataNewYearpartyismymom'sSnowyMashedPotatoes,whichremindmeofholidayjoyandpastreunionswithextendedfamily.

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Sometimesyoumightfeelsadwhenyoueatfoodsthatremindyouoflovedonesyoumiss.Wemayalsoavoidfoodsthatweassociatewithbadexperiences.Ihaven'teatencottagecheesesinceIwas8yearsold,becauseitwasthelastthingIatebeforerollingoffthebedwithaterriblestomachache.Inadditiontopastmemories,thecontextinwhichweeatfoodsmatters,too.

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Andourgustatory（味觉的）experiencescanbeheightenedby"asenseofcommunity,asenseofwarmthandenjoyingittogether".Iappreciatemymum'spotatoesevenmoretodaywhenIeatthemwithmyhusbandandtwochildren.(1)

A.Foodisessentialforoursurvival.B.Theseassociationscangotheotherway,too.C.Wedesirecomfortfoodswhenwefeellonely.D.Itshapeshowmuchwecnjoytheminthemoment.E.Theirtasteandnutritionalcontentaffecthowwefeel.F.Ourmemoryforsmellcanbelong-lastingandprecise.G.Afterall,differentcultureshavedifferentcomfortfoods.(2)

A.Foodisessentialforoursurvival.B.Theseassociationscangotheotherway,too.C.Wedesirecomfortfoodswhenwefeellonely.D.Itshapeshowmuchwecnjoytheminthemoment.E.Theirtasteandnutritionalcontentaffecthowwefeel.F.Ourmemoryforsmellcanbelong-lastingandprecise.G.Afterall,differentcultureshavedifferentcomfortfoods.(3)

A.Foodisessentialforoursurvival.B.Theseassociationscangotheotherway,too.C.Wedesirecomfortfoodswhenwefeellonely.D.Itshapeshowmuchwecnjoytheminthemoment.E.Theirtasteandnutritionalcontentaffecthowwefeel.F.Ourmemoryforsmellcanbelong-lastingandprecise.G.Afterall,differentcultureshavedifferentcomfortfoods.(4)

A.Foodisessentialforoursurvival.B.Theseassociationscangotheotherway,too.C.Wedesirecomfortfoodswhenwefeellonely.D.Itshapeshowmuchwecnjoytheminthemoment.E.Theirtasteandnutritionalcontentaffecthowwefeel.F.Ourmemoryforsmellcanbelong-lastingandprecise.G.Afterall,differentcultureshavedifferentcomfortfoods.(5)

A.Foodisessentialforoursurvival.B.Theseassociationscangotheotherway,too.C.Wedesirecomfortfoodswhenwefeellonely.D.Itshapeshowmuchwecnjoytheminthemoment.E.Theirtasteandnutritionalcontentaffecthowwefeel.F.Ourmemoryforsmellcanbelong-lastingandprecise.G.Afterall,differentcultureshavedifferentcomfortfoods.三、第三部分写