Unit1ScienceandScientistsReadingandThinking课件-高中英语人教版选择性

UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSXB211课前候背1.feelfrustrated/ˈfrʌstretɪd/感到沮丧2.thecholera/'kɑlərə/outbreak霍乱的爆发3.throughthisintervention/ˌɪntɚ'vɛnʃən/通过这一干预4.substantial/səb'stænʃl/orders大量订单asubstantialdecrease大幅度减少5.asevere/sɪ'vɪr/teacher一位严厉的教师6.subscribe/səb'skraɪb/regularly定期订购

7.needproof/pruf/需要证据8.alargehousehold一个大家庭9.suspect/səˈspekt/theevidence怀疑这个证据10.blame/blem/himforhismistake由于错误责备他11.removethehandle拆掉手柄12.puregold纯金13.theuseofstatistics/stə'tɪstɪks/

统计数据的使用Toraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewangle,requirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvanceinscience.-----AlbertEinstein&LeopoldInfeld提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。

1.Areyoufamiliarwiththesesituationsrunnucleicacidtests

getvaccinatedlead-in2.Besidescoronavirus,whatotherkindsofepidemics流行病haveyouheardofBird-flu禽流感,malaria疟疾,plague,瘟疫，鼠疫,Ebola,Smallpox天花3.AnepidemicjustlikecoronavirushitEuropeintheearly19thcentury,doyouknowwhatitisCholera霍乱4.Whatarethesymptoms症状

ofCholera？①dehydration/ˌdihaɪ'dreʃən/

缺水②severe严重的vomiting/'vɑmɪt/呕吐③diarrhoea/ˌdaɪə'riə/腹泻Stagesinscientificresearch

DrawaconclusionCollectdata②Askaquestion

Findaproblem

Analysetheresults

Findsupportingevidence

③Thinkofamethod⑦Drawaconclusion④CollectdataAskaquestion

①Findaproblem

⑤Analysetheresults⑥Findsupportingevidence

ThinkofamethodReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideas.Para.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3CholeraJohnSnowIt'soneof______________________intheworld,becauseitcauses_______________________________._____________________(when),anoutbreakofcholerahit________milionsofpeople____________________.Herosetobecome_______________,andeven__________QueenVictoria

whenshegavebirth.JohnSnowbecame___________becausenooneknew_____________________________.However,hehadadesireto______________onceandforall.

themostfeareddiseasesseverediarrhoeaanddehydrationIntheearly19thcenturyEuropediedfromthediseasefrustratedhowtopreventortreatcholeraafamousdoctorattendedtodestroycholera

[1]Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhea腹泻,dehydration缺水,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herose(risev.变得更加成功)tobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.

However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall完全.

①Findaproblem

Twocontradictorytheories

Theoryone:causedby________Theorytwo:causedby_______✔badair

germs

Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Q:WhatdidJohnSnowinvestigatewhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854[2]Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheory

wasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Another

wasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgerms微生物infoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.

Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.②Askaquestion

{3}Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.⑥Findsupportingevidence

⑤Analysetheresults

③Thinkofamethod④Collectdata

⑤Analysetheresultsmultipledeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Thewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.PublichouseClue:freebeerfrompublichouseResult:ThewatercamefromtheriverwhichhadbeenpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.adj.数量多的[4]ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfected

bywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.[5]ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.

Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology流行病学.⑦Drawaconclusionpost-reading课文语填Doctorshadtwo①contradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.AndSnow②subscribedtothesecondone—cholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Itwascorrect,buthestill③neededproof.Sohebeganbymarking④onamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.Snowsuspectedthatthe⑤waterpumpwastoblame.⑥Onceandforall,throughSnow'stirelessefforts,thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawa⑦substantialdecrease.However,chole