2022届黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学高三四模英语试卷（解析版）

2022年哈三中第四次高考模拟考试

英语试卷

第I卷

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅

读下一题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Athome.B.Inabookstore.C.Inafruitshop.

2.Whathappenedtotheman?

A.Hewasshotintheleg.B.Hebrokehisleg.C.Helostagame.

3.Onwhatdayoftheweekmaythemagazinearrive?

A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.

4.Whatwillthewomando?

A.Gotothelabwiththeman.B.Workonherexperiments.C.Checkonwhat'sfordinner.

5.WhatdoesthemansayaboutRosa?

A.Shewon'tbuyagiftforhim.B.Shewon'tleaveherjob.C.Shewon'tfeelsorryfortheman'sleaving.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小

题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至第8题。

6.Wheredoesthemanwork?

A.Atagarage.B.Atastore.C.Atafactory.

7.Whatdoesthemanaskfor?

A.Thewoman'sname.B.Thebike'sbrand.C.Thebike'scolour.

8.Whatisthemangoingtodonext?

A.Telephonethesuppliers.B.Callthewomanback.C.Orderanewpart.

听第7段材料，回答第9至第11题。

9.Whatdoesthemanhavetodotoday?

A.Talktohislawyer.B.Haveameeting.C.Seeadoctor.

10.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?

A.Callhislawyerintheafternoon.B.Signafewpapersforhim.C.Takeamessageforhim.

11.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Workmates.B.Husbandandwife.C.Lawyerandguest.

听第8段材料，回答第12至第14题。

12.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?

A.Airpollution.B.Anewkindoffuel.C.Futureenergysources.

13.WhyisthewomangivingthemantheinformationofDME?

A.Helosthisclassnotes.B.Hemissedtheclassinthistopic.C.Heisdoingresearchonthesubject.

14.Whywon'tDMEbeonthemarketsoon?

A.Itpollutestheair.B.Itislesseffective.C.It'sexpensivetomass-produce.

听第9段材料，回答第15至第17题。.

15.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?

A.Thepreparationforatest.B.Atelevisionprogramme.C.Aclosefriendoftheirs.

16.WhyisthemanwatchingTV?

A.Hehasalreadyfinishedstudying.

B.Heistakingabreak,fromstudying.

C.Hewantstogetinformationforapaper.

17.Whydoesn'tthemanwanttocallElizabeth?

A.Hedoesn'twanttotroubleherontheweekend.

B.Hedoesn'tthinksheishelpfultohim.

C.Hepreferstostudyonhisown.

听第10段材料，回答第18至第20题。

18WhatisadisadvantageoiAnInsectsLife?

A.Itisbadlyshot.B.Ilfrightenssomepeople.C.Itismuchtoolong.

19.Whatcanweexpectfromtoday'sMillerAndEdwardsprogramme?

A.Beautifulscenes.B.Afamousmotorist.C.Morejokes.

20.Whywon'tPolicewatchbeontelevisiontonight?

A.AndyMckayhasacold.B.Itwon'tbeonThursdaysanymore.C.Anotherprogrammehastakenits

place.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

ThebestfamilythingstodoinManchesteraregreatforthoselookingtokeeptheirkidsbusyandhappy.

*GreaterManchesterPoliceMuseum

Housedwithinaformerpolicestation,itcontainsextensivearchivesregardingVictorianpolicing.You'llfind

vintagevehiclesdatingbacktowhenlocalpolicefirstadoptedtheuseofcars.Otheritemsthatyoumaynothave

consideredtobesoessentialtopoliceworkincludeoldVictorianlanterns.Youcanalsolearnmorepolicingin

general,atopicyourchildrenmaybeespeciallyinterestediniftheywanttobealawenforcerwhentheygrowup.

Location:57ANewtonStreet,Manchester,Ml1ET,UK

Open:Tuesday-Thursdayfrom10:30a.m.to3:30p.m.

Telephone:+44(0)1618564500

*ScienceandIndustryMuseum

Visitingit,you'llfindyourselfimmersedintherichhistoryoftransportationtechnology.Thereareexhibits

highlightingaircraftandlocomotives(火车头)，alongwitha3rdexhibitshowcasingManchester'shistorywith

computingtechnologyandhowitaffectedcommunicationsacrossdistances.Youcanexplorelargeindustrial

machinesincludingoldsteamenginesandhotairengines.Mostofthemarestilloperational,soyoucanseethem

inactionatthemuseumduringscheduledpresentations.

Location:LiverpoolRoad,Manchester,M34FP,UK

Open:Dailyfrom10a.m.to5p.m.

Telephone:+44(0)1618322244

*LarkHillPlace

LocatedinsidetheSalfordMuseum,itfunctionsasamock-up(模型)ofVictorianEngland.Therecreated

streethasgenuinefittingsandsignsthatwillmakeyoufeelasifyou'vetravelledbackto1897.Withcobblestones

(鹅卵石),gaslampsandeventhesoundsofcarriagesaroundyou,itcreatesanimmersiveatmosphereyouwon'tbe

abletofindanywhereelse.Youcanevenventureintosomeofthelocalshopsandtavernstolearnmoreaboutwhat

everydaylifewaslikeforpeoplebackthen.

Location:PeelPark,TheCrescent,Salford,M54WU,UK

Open:Tuesday—Fridayfrom9:30a.m.to4:30p.m.,Saturday—Sundayfrom11:30a.m.to4p.m.

Telephone:+44(0)1617780800

"CrystalMaze

TheCrystalMazeoffersafun-filledinteractiveexperienceforfamiliesinManchester.Youandyourlittleones

canteamupwithotherstoconquerthechallengesandmaketheleaderboards.Thechallengeswillbevariedand

willrequireteamworktofigureout,butyou'llhavefunregardlessofworkingtogetherinthisimmersive3D

environment.It^basedonapopular90sTVshowofthesamename.Plus,yougettowearsatinbomberjackets

throughouttheexperience,andthat'sreasonenoughtogo.

Location:TheCrystalMazeStudios,LowerByromStreet,Manchester,M34FP,UK

Open:Tuesday—Wednesdayfrom4p.m.to8:30p.m.,Thursdayfrom4:30p.m.to9:15p.m.

Fridayfromnoonto9:15pm,Saturdayfrom9a.m.to9:15p.m.,Sundayfrom9a.m.to7p.m.

Telephone:+44(0)1617910727

1.IfMaryandherparentswanttojoininanactivityonMonday,whichofthefollowingshouldtheycall?

A.+44(0)1618322244B.+44(0)1618564500

C.+44(0)1617910727D.+44(0)1617780800

2.WhereshouldtheSmithsgoiftheyplantoexplorethedailylifeinVictorianEngland?

A.GreaterManchesterPoliceMuseumB.ScienceandIndustryMuseum

C.LarkHillPlaceD.CrystalMaze

3.WhatcanvisitorsdoattheCrystalMazeStudios?

A.PlayinaTVshowinbomberjackets.B.Actasalawenforcertolearnpolicing.

C.Explorelargeindustrialmachines.D.Cooperatewithotherstoconquerchallenges.

【答案】LA2.A3.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个曼彻斯特适合一家人去参观的地点以及它们各自的特色。

(1题详解】

细节理解题。根据*ScienceandIndustryMuseum部分中“Open:Dailyfrom10a.m.to5p.m.；Telephone:+44

(0)1618322244(开放时间:每日上午10时至下午5时；电话：+44(0)1618322244)"以及各项活动的开放

日期可知，其它地方周一不开门，只有ScienceandIndustryMuseum开门，故如果玛丽和她的父母想参加

星期一的活动，他们应该拨打+44(0)1618322244。故选A。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据*GreaterManchesterPoliceMuseum部分中uHousedwithinaformerpolicestation,it

containsextensivearchivesregardingVictorianpolicing.You'llfindvintagevehiclesdatingbacktowhenlocal

policefirstadoptedtheuseofcars.Otheritemsthatyoumaynothaveconsideredtobesoessentialtopolicework

includeoldVictorianlanterns.(它坐落在一个前警察局，里面有大量关于维多利亚时期警务的档案。你会发

现古董车的历史可以追溯到当地警察第一次使用汽车的时候。其他你可能认为对警察工作不那么重要的物

品包括维多利亚时代的旧灯笼)”可知，如果史密斯一家打算探索维多利亚时代英国的日常生活，他们应该

去GreaterManchesterPoliceMuseum。故选A。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据*CrystalMaze部分中“Youandyourlittleonescanteamupwithotherstoconquerthe

challengesandmaketheleaderboards4你和你的孩子们可以与他人合作，克服挑战，制作排行榜)”可知，游

客在CrystalMazeStudios可以与他人合作，克服挑战。故选D。

B

Becausemyworkinvolvessomuchmandatoryreading(强制性阅读),Idon'tgettodolotsofpleasure

reading.Thereisjusttoolittletimeforshortstoriesorpoetry.Itypicallyonlygettothethingsfriendshavealready

readandrecommendedtome.Theyaremybookreviewers.Theykeepmefromwastingtime.

MyfavoritepopularauthorisJohnGrisham.Hehaswrittentwenty-twonovels,oneworkofnon-fiction,a

collectionofstories,andanovelforyoungreaders.Irespectgoodstory-tellers,andheknowshowtotellagood

story.

Althoughhisbookshavesoldsome300millioncopies,peoplesometimespanhim."He'snoHemingwayor

Faulkner!^^saysonereviewer.ctHeisnotaparticularlygoodwriter,“saysanother,4tanditisunlikelythatanyone

willbereadinghis'potboilers5inanothergeneration.,,

However,IlikethefactthatGrishamdoesn'ttakehimselftooseriously.InoneinterviewwiththeAssociated

Press,Grishamdeniedanyvisionsofgreatliteraryfiction."It'spureentertainment,hesaid.Soundsquitehumble,

doesn'tit?Andthatqualityismostrefreshingandrarethesedays.

Inthecourseofthatsameinterview,hementionedafactfromhisearliestdaysofattemptingtowritethat

grabbedmymostattention.uThealannclockwouldgooffat5,andPdjumpintheshower,hesaid."Myoffice

wasfiveminutesaway.AndIhadtobeatmydesk,atmyoffice,withthefirstcupofcoffeeandalegalpad,and

writethefirstwordat5:30,fivedaysaweek."Hisgoalwastowriteonepageeveryday.Ifittooktenminutes,so

beit.Sometimeshewouldwritefortwohoursbeforestartinghisjobasalawyer.

4.Theunderlinedword“pan”(inParagraph3)probablymeans

A.praiseB.criticizeC.respectD.cheat

5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofJohnGrisham?

A.Heisamodestperson.B.Helikesentertaininghimself.

C.Hetendstolookdownuponotherwriters.D.HecompareshimselftoHemingway.

6.Intheinterview,whatimpressedtheauthormostwasthat

A.Grishamwasalwaysfriendlytoothers

B.Grishamwasoftenstayinguplateforwork

C.Grishamwasaproductivewriterwithallkindsofworks

D.Grishamhadagoodhabitofgettingupearlytowrite

7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ShortStories:SourceofMyPleasureB.JohnGrisham:MyGreatAdmiration

C.MyImpressiveInterviewwithJohnGrishamD.TheEffectofMandatoryReadingonMyLife

【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者喜欢的一名作家JohnGrisham,作者解释了自己为什么

喜欢他，以及他的一些写作习惯。

【4题详解】

词义猜测题。根据下文"'He'snoHemingwayorFaulkner!?saysonereviewer.'Heisnotaparticularlygood

writer/saysanother,4anditisunlikelythatanyonewillbereadinghis'potboilers'inanothergeneration/（“他不

是海明威或福克纳！”一位评论者说。“他不是一个特别好的作家，”另一个人说，“不太可能再过一代

人还会有人读他的‘杂馀'可知，这都是人们对他的批评。所以pan为“批评”之意。故选B。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段“Soundsquitehumble,doesn'tit?Andthatqualityismostrefreshingandrarethese

days.（听起来很谦逊，不是吗?这种品质如今是最令人耳目一新的，也是最罕见的）”可知，作者认为John

Grisham是一个谦虚的人。故选A。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据第五段“Inthecourseofthatsameinterview,hementionedafactfromhisearliestdaysof

attemptingtowritethatgrabbedmymostattention.'Thealarmclockwouldgooffat5,andrdjumpinthe

shower,4hesaid.4Myofficewasfiveminutesaway.AndIhadtobeatmydesk,atmyoffice,withthefirstcupof

coffeeandalegalpad,andwritethefirstwordat5:30,fivedaysaweek.'（就在那次采访中，他提到了他早期尝

试写作时的一个事实，这引起了我的极大关注。“闹钟会在5点响，然后我就会跳进浴室，”他说。“我

的办公室离这里只有五分钟的路程。我必须在我的办公桌前，在我的办公室里，喝着第一杯咖啡，拿着一

本便签本，在5:30写第一个字，一周五天。可推断，令作者印象深刻的是他早起写作的习惯。故选

Do

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第二段“MyfavoritepopularauthorisJohnGrisham.Hehaswrittentwenty-twonovels,one

workofnon-fiction,acollectionofstories,andanovelforyoungreaders.Irespectgoodstory-tellers,andhe

knowshowtotellagoodstory.（我最喜欢的作家是约翰・格里沙姆。他写了22部小说，一部非小说类作品，

一部故事集，以及一部面向年轻读者的小说。我尊重会讲故事的人，他知道如何讲一个好故事）”及全文可

知，文章主要介绍了作者最喜欢的作家JohnGrishamo所以“JohnGrisham:MyGreatAdmiration（John

Grisham：我非常钦佩）”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。

C

Coastalcitiesaroundtheglobearesinkingbyuptoseveralcentimetersperyear,onaverage,satellite

observationsreveal.Theone-twopunchofsinkinglandandrisingseasmeansthatthesecoastalregionsareat

greaterriskofHoodingthanpreviouslythought,researchersreportintheApril16GeophysicalResearchLetters.

MattWei,anearthscientistattheUniversityofRhodeIslandinNarragansett,andcolleaguesstudied99

coastalcitiesonsixcontinents.44Wetriedtobalancepopulationandgeographiclocation,hesays.While

subsidence（下沉）hasbeenmeasuredincitiespreviously,earlierresearchhastendedtofocusonjustonecityor

region.Thisinvestigationisdifferent.Weisays,"It'soneofthefirsttoreallyusedatawithglobalcoverage?5Wei

andhisteamreliedonobservationsmademostlyfrom2015to2020byapairofEuropeansatellites.Instruments

onboardbeammicrowavesignalstowardEarthandthenrecordthewavesthatbounceback.Bymeasuringthe

timingandintensityofthosereflectedwaves,theteamdetenninedtheheightofthegroundwithmillimeter

accuracy.Andbecauseeachsatellitefliesoverthesamepartoftheplanetevery12days,theresearcherswereable

totracehowthegrounddeformedovertime.

Thelargestsubsidencerates-uptofivecentimetersperyear-aremostlyinAsiancitieslikeTianjin,

China;Karachi,Pakistan;andManila,Philippines,theteamfound.What'smore,aboutone-third,or34,ofthe

analyzedcitiesaresinkinginsomeplacesbymorethanacentimeterperyear.That'saworryingtrend,saysDario

Solano-Rojas,anearthscientistattheNationalAutonomousUniversityofMexicoinMexicoCitywhowasnot

involvedintheresearch.Thesecitiesarebeinghitwithadoublewhammy:Atthesametimethatsealevelsare

risingduetoclimatechange,thelandissinking.''Understandingthatpartoftheproblemisabigdeal,“Solano-

Rojassays.

Weiandhiscolleaguesthinkthatthesubsidenceislargelycausedbypeople.Whentheresearcherslookedat

GoogleEarthimageryoftheregionswithincitiesthatwererapidlysinking,theteamsawmostlyresidentialor

commercialareas.That'satip-offthattheculprit（元凶）isgroundwaterextraction,theteamconcluded.Landscapes

tendtosettleaswaterispumpedoutofaquifers（含水层）.Butthere'sreasontobehopefill.Inthepast,Indonesia's

Jakarta,forexample,wassinkingbynearly30cm/yr,onaverage.Butnowsubsidencethereandinotherplaceshas

slowed,possiblyduetorecentgovernmentalregulationslimitinggroundwaterextraction.

8.HowdoesMattWeiandhiscolleagues'researchdifferfrompreviousones?

A.ItcentersonobservingEuropeansatellites.

BItadoptscomprehensivedataonaglobalscale.

C.Itdemonstratessubsidinglandandrisingseasriskcoastalregions.

D.Itmakestheconnectionbetweenwavesandtheheightoftheground.

9.Whatcanweknowfromthethirdparagraph?

A.MostAsiancitiesaresinkingattherateoffivecentimetersperyear.

B.DarioSolano-Rojasisinchargeofstatisticalanalysisintheresearch.

C.Somecitiesareinadifficultsituationwithlandsinkingandsearising.

D.Citiessubsidingatlargestratesaccountforonethirdoftheanalyzedcities.

10.Whatisacauseofthesubsidenceaccordingtothepassage?

A.Launchingsatellitesflyingoverthesamepartoftheearth.B.Governments9regulationsonlimitingwater

usage.

C.Risingseasfloodingsomecoastalregionsregularly.D.Pumpinggroundwateroutforcertainpurposes.

11.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardslowingdownsubsidence?

A.Optimistic.B.Skeptical.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.

【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了卫星观测结果显示，全球沿海城市平均每年下沉数厘米，这

引起了科学家的担忧。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Weisays,'It'soneofthefirsttoreallyusedatawithglobalcoverage.,（Wei说："这

是第一个真正使用全球覆盖数据的公司。“）”可知，MattWei和他的同事们的研究与之前的研究不同之处

在于，他们采用全球范围的综合数据。故选B。

【9题详解】

名田节理解题。根据第三段"Thesecitiesarebeinghitwithadoublewhammy:Atthesametimethatsealevelsare

risingduetoclimatechange,thelandissinking.（这些城市正遭受着双重打击：在气候变化导致海平面上升的

同时，陆地正在下沉）”可知，一些城市正遭受着双重打击，面临陆地下沉、海平面上升的困境。故选C。

【10题详解】

2田节理解题。根据第四段"Weiandhiscolleaguesthinkthatthesubsidenceislargelycausedbypeople.When

theresearcherslookedatGoogleEarthimageryoftheregionswithincitiesthatwererapidlysinking,theteamsaw

mostlyresidentialorcommercialareas.That'satip-offthattheculprit（元凶）isgroundwaterextraction,theteam

concluded.（魏和他的同事们认为地面下沉主要是由人类引起的。当研究人员观察谷歌地球图像显示的城市

区域正在迅速下沉时，他们看到的主要是居民区或商业区。这个密报罪魁祸首是地下水开采，团队总结

道）”可知，导致地面下沉的主要原因是人们为了某些目的开采地下水。故选D。

[11题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"Butthere'sreasontobehopeful.Inthepast,Indonesia'sJakarta,forexample,was

sinkingbynearly30cm/yr,onaverage.Butnowsubsidencethereandinotherplaceshasslowed,possiblydueto

recentgovernmentalregulationslimitinggroundwaterextraction.（但我们有理由满怀希望。例如，在过去，

度尼西亚的雅加达以平均每年近30厘米的速度下沉。但现在，那里和其他地方的沉降已经放缓，可能是

由于最近政府限制地下水开采的规定）”可推断，作者对减缓下沉还是满怀希望，抱乐观的态度。故选A。

D

Whenwe'rebusydoingthingswelove,wedon'tthinkabouthowoldweareorthestateofourknees.But

thensomethingpullsusupshort,likeapoliteyoungmanofferinghisseat,oraccompanyingyoutocrosstheroad,

andsuddenlywe'rewalkingmoreslowly,feelingjustalittleworseaboutlifeingeneral.

Thewaytheseinternalized（内在化的）attitudesaboutagingaffectusphysicallyisafocuswithinagrowing

fieldinsocialpsychologyknownasmind-bodystudies.Inthenextfewmonths,theWorldHealthOrganizationis

expectedtopublishtheresultsofaglobalinvestigationofageism-discriminationtowardtheaged—thatwill

addresshowtofighttheprejudice.Thereportwillalsooutlinethevariouswaysthatageistattitudescanaffectthe

healthandwell-beingofolderpeople.

PsychologistBeccaLevyisacontributortothecomingWHOreport.Shehasspenthercareerlinkingnegative

agingattitudestosuchmeasuresaswalkingspeedinolderpeople,agreaterlikelihoodofdevelopingthebrain

changesofAlzheimer'sdiseaseandevenareductioninlifespan.Butit'snotallterrible.Levy,attheYaleSchool

ofPublicHealth,hasalsoshownthatsomethingassimpleaspotentialexposuretoage-positivewordscanleadto

physicalimprovementsinolderpeopleofthesort.Thosetypicallycomeaboutonlyafteraprogramofregular

exercise.IfLevyandotherscientistsarecorrect,puttingamorepositiveeffectonourgeneralviewofagingmight

makeaprofounddifferenceinthehealthofpeopleover65,thefastest-growingagegroupinAmericatoday.Some

ofthemostsurprisingmind-bodyfindingsimply:Amorepositiveattitudetowardagingleadstoimprovementsin

olderpeople'smemory,balance,speedandqualityoflife.

12.Accordingtothepassage,peoplewillrealizethey'reatanadvancedagewhen.

A.theyareoccupiedwithworkB.theirkneesareeasilyhurt

C.someonehelpsthemgoacrossthestreetD.theyofferseatstoothers

13.WhatcanweknowfromtheWHOreport?

A.Thereislittleprejudicetotheelderly.B.Ageismmaydophysicalandmentaldamagetothe

elderly.

C.Peoplearesupposedtofightagainstdiscrimination.D.Ageismisamainresearchfieldinsocialpsychology.

14.WhatdoesLevysuggestpeopledo?

A.Helptheoldtobemoreexposedtoage-positivewords.B.Communicatewiththeoldusingmorecomplex

words.

C.Helptheoldtotakeexerciseregularly.D.Talktotheoldmorefrequently.

15.Whatmessageismainlyconveyedinthepassage?

A.Agingisanurgentproblemtobesolvedaroundtheworld.

B.Theinternalizedattitudesaredeterminedbytheagingprocess.

C.Theseniorcitizensshouldliveindependentlytoslowaging.

D.Positiveattitudestowardagingmaypayoffinolderpeople'shealth.

【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对衰老持更积极的态度会改善老年人的记忆力、平衡性、速

度和生活质量。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Whenwe'rebusydoingthingswelove,wedon'tthinkabouthowoldweareor

thestateofourknees.Butthensomethingpullsusupshort,likeapoliteyoungmanofferinghisseat,or

accompanyingyoutocrosstheroad,andsuddenlywe'rewalkingmoreslowly,feelingjustalittleworseaboutlife

ingeneral.（当我们忙着做自己喜欢的事情的时候，我们不会考虑自己的年龄和膝盖的状况。但突然有什么

事让我们停下脚步，比如一个彬彬有礼的年轻人给我们让座，或者陪你过马路，突然我们走得更慢了，对

生活的总体感觉有点糟糕。）”可知，我们只有别人在给我们让路、或者扶我过马路时才会觉得自己老了。

故选C。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thereportwillalsooutlinethevariouswaysthatageistattitudescanaffectthe

healthandwell-beingofolderpeople.（报告还将概述年龄歧视态度可能影响老年人健康和福祉的各种方

式。）”可知，年龄歧视会影响老年人身心健康。故选B。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“Levy,attheYaleSchoolofPublicHealth,hasalsoshownthatsomethingassimpleas

potentialexposuretoage-positivewordscanleadtophysicalimprovementsinolderpeopleofthesort.（耶鲁大学

公共卫生学院的列维还表明，一些简单的事情，比如潜在地接触积极的年龄词汇，可以导致这类老年人的

身体改善。）”可知，积极的年龄词汇对老年人有好处，所以人们可以帮助老年人多接触积极的年龄词汇。

故选A,

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段"Amorepositiveattitudetowardagingleadstoimprovementsinolderpeople's

memory,balance,speedandqualityoflife.（对衰老持更积极的态度会改善老年人的记忆力、平衡性、速度和

生活质量。）”及全文可知，如果对衰老抱有积极的态度，那么就会对老年人健康有好处。故选D。

第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

HealthySee,HealthyDo

Visitthegrocerystoreonanemptystomach,andyouwillprobablycomehomewithafewthingsyoudidnot

plantobuy.Buthungerisnottheonlycauseofadditionalpurchases.16

Thecheckoutareaisaparticularhotspotforjunkfood.17Andafewstudieshavesuggestedthat

simplyswappinginhealthieroptionscanchangecustomerbehavior.A2012studyintheNetherlandsfoundthat

hospitalworkersweremorelikelytogiveupjunkfoodforhealthysnackswhenthelatterweremorereadily

availableoncanteenshelves,forexample.

18Ithasbeenworkingwithmorethan1,000storeownerstoencouragethemtoorderandpromote

nutritiousfoods."Makinghealthyfoodsmoreconvenientorappealingcanleadtoincreasedsalesofthose

products.^^saysTamarAdjoian,aresearchscientistatthedepartment.

Adjoianandhercolleagueswonderedifsuchfindingswouldapplytotheircity'scrowdedurbancheckout

areas,sotheyselectedthreeBronxsupermarketsfbrtheirownstudy.19Thentheyrecordedpurchases

oversixthree-hourperiodsineachstorefbrtwoweeks.

Ofthemorethan2,100shopperstheyobserved,just4percentboughtanythingfromthecheckoutarea.

Amongthosewhodid,however,customersinthehealthylinespurchasednutritiousfoodsmorethantwiceasoften

asthoseinthestandardlines.20ThefindingswerereportedinSeptemberintheJournalofNutrition

EducationandBehavior.

Thepotentialinfluencemayseemsmall,butAdjoianbelievesthatchangingmorecheckoutlineswillopen

customers'eyestonutritious,lower-caloriefoods.Healthdepartmentofficialsarenowexploringwaystoexpand

healthyoptionsatcheckoutcountersthroughoutNewYorkCity.

A.Theyboughtunhealthyfoods40percentlessoften.

B.ThesefindingscaughttheattentionofNewYorkCityDepartmentofHealth.

C.Theyreplacedcandiesandcookieswithfruitsandnutsnearthecheckoutcounter.

D.Thesupermarketsbegantooffernutritious,lower-caloriefoods.

E.Thesefoodsgivepeoplemoreenergy.

F.Thelocationofstoredisplaysalsoinfluencesourshoppingchoices.

G.Theproductsmostcommonlyfoundtherearesugaryandsaltysnacks.

【答案】16.F17.G18.B19.C20.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了商店的食品的位置摆放也会影响我们的购物，可能会形成或打破

一些健康的饮食习惯。纽约市的卫生部门的官员们正在探索在各处的收银台扩大健康选择的方法。

【16题详解】

根据空前“Visitthegrocerystoreonanemptystomach,andyouwillprobablycomehomewithafewthingsyou

didnotplantobuy.Buthungerisnottheonlycauseofadditionalpurchases."（空着肚子去杂货店，你很可能

会带回来一些你不打算买的东西。但饥饿并不是额外购买的唯一原因）可知，前面说到了额外购物的一个

原因，并且指出不止这个原因。因此后文要给出另一个原因。F项”商店陈列的位置也会影响我们的购物

选择”符合语境，also是关键词。故选F。

【17题详解】

根据空前"Thecheckoutareaisaparticularhotspotforjunkfood.”（收银区是垃圾食品的一个特别热点）以

及空后“Andafewstudieshavesuggestedthatsimplyswappinginhealthieroptionscanchangecustomer

behavior.M（一些研究表明，简单地换更健康的食物就能改变顾客的行为）推知，空处应承接上文，介绍

常见的垃圾食品是哪些，以及它们的特点。G项“那里最常见的产品是含糖和含盐的零食”符合语境，

there指代上文的thecheckoutarea,故选G。

【18题详解】

根据空后“Ithasbeenworkingwithmorethan1,000storeownerstoencouragethemtoorderandpromote

nutritiousfoods.w（它一直在与1000多家店主合作，鼓励他们订购和推广营养食品）推知，上文提到了一

个鼓励健康饮食的组织。B项“这些发现引起了纽约市卫生部的注意”符合语境，下文的it指代选项中的

NewYorkCityDepartmentofHealth,故选B。

【19题详解】

根据空前“Adjoianandhercolleagueswonderedifsuchfindingswouldapplytotheircity'scrowdedurban

checkoutareas,sotheyselected由reeBronxsupermarketsfortheirownstudy."（阿德约安和她的同事想知道这

样的发现是否适用于他们城市拥挤的结账区，所以他们选择了三个布朗克斯超市进行自己的研究）可知，

这个发现是前面说到“让健康食品更方便或更吸引人可以增加这些产品的销量”。再结合空后“Thenthey

recordedpurchasesoversixthree-hourperiodsineachstorefortwoweeks.（然后，他们在两周的时间里，记

录了六次在每家商店三小时内的购买情况）的then推知，上文陈述他们把健康的食品放在货架上，因而

才有了后文记录购买情况。C项“他们把收银台附近的糖果和饼干换成了水果和坚果”符合语境，they指

代上文Adjoianandhercolleagues,且与下文承接自然。故选C。

【20题详解】

根据空前“Amongthosewhodid,however,customersinthehealthylinespurchasednutritiousfoodsmorethan

twiceasoftenasthoseinthestandardl