新教材2023版高中英语课时作业10Unit12InnovationPartBLesson1ScientificBreakthroughs北师大版选择性必修第四册

课时作业(十)Unit12PartBLesson1ScientificBreakthroughsⅠ.阅读理解AInOctober,Itoldtheeight­year­oldsItaughtinNewJerseyaboutmyplan.“I'dlikeallofyoutodoextrajobsaroundthehousetoearnsomemoney，”Isaid.“Thenwe'llbuyfoodforaneedygrandmotherwhohadlivedaloneformanyyears.”Earlyinthatweek,theboysandgirlsarrivedinclassclutchingtheirhard­earnedmoney.Theyhadrakedleaves,settables,washeddishes,helpedwithyoungersiblings.Andnowtheycouldn'twaittogoshopping.Inthesupermarket,whenweheadedtowardthecheckout,pushingacartfilledwithturkeyandallthetrimmings(配料),akidsuddenlyspottedanother“necessity”andcried“Flowers！”Then,thegroupdashedtowardtheholidayplants.Itriedtostopthem.Obviously,itwouldbemoresensibletouseanyextramoneytobuybasicfoodthatcouldbestretchedintomeals.Therefore,Ipronounced,“Youcan'teatflowers.”“ButMrs.Sherlock，”camethecomplaintinaloudvoice,“she'llneedthem.”Defeated,Igaveinatlast.Andthechildrenagreedtobuyapotoffunnypurplechrysanthemums.Aswefinallypulledupinfrontofasmallbungalowhiddeninthewoodsafterbouncingalongarutted(留有车辙的)road,aslightlybuiltwomanwithawearyfacecametothedoortowelcomeus.Mylittlegroupracedtogetthefood.Witheachboxcarriedin,theoldwomansmiledandnodded—muchtohervisitors'pleasure.Whenthekidsputtheflowersonthecounter,thewomanseemedsurprised.“Doyoulikeithere？”akidasked.“Inthewoods,Imean.”Thewomanbrightened.Shetoldthechildrenaboutthebirdsthatflockedtothebreadcrumbssheputout.Aswereturnedtothecar,wecouldseethekitchenwindow.Thewomaninsidewavedgoodbye,thenturnedandwalkedacrosstheroom,pasttheturkey,thetrimmings,straighttothechrysanthemums.Sheputherfaceinthepetals.Whensheraisedherhead,therewasasmileonherlips.Shewastransformedbeforeoureyes.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clutching”inParagraph2mean?A．Grabbingquickly.B．Seizingtightly.C．Holdingcasually.D．Catchingnervously.2．AccordingtoParagraph4,whydidtheauthortrytostopthechildrenfrombuyingtheflowersatfirst?A．Thechildrendidn'tearnenoughmoney.B．Thechildrencouldn'tdecidewhatkindofflowerstobuy.C．Theauthorthoughtitworthwhiletobuymorefood.D．Theauthorbelievedflowerscan'tbeeaten.3．WhatcanwelearnfromtheParagraph6?A．Thechildrenwereunwillingtogoshoppingwiththeirteacher.B.Itwasnoteasyforthechildrentoreachtheoldwoman'shouse.C．Theoldwomanshowedmoreinterestinthefoodthantheflowers.D．Theappearanceoftheoldwomanwaschangedinfrontoftheireyes.4．Whatdoesthisstoryintendtotellus?A．Itishardtopleaseall.B．Joyssharedwithothersaremoreenjoyed.C．Lovelooksnotwiththeeyes,butwiththemind.D.Asmallactofkindnesscanmakeabigdifference.BWherecanyouvolunteeryourtime?Checkoutthese4activitiesforexcellentvolunteeropportunitiesthatrequirenopreviousexperience.AnimalRescueSheltersLocalanimalsheltersalwaysneedvolunteers.Brushupyourofficeskillsbyansweringemailsorphonecalls,andprovidinggeneraladministrativeassistance.Trymakingsomeconnectionsamongthestafforofferingyourdogwalkingservicestothepetowners.Itmakesforagreatpart­timejob，andplus，mayturnintoafull­timeone.HabitatforHumanityHabitatforHumanityofferslocallytargetedvolunteeropportunities.Ifyouareinterestedindevelopingexperienceinhomerepairandbuildingmaintenance,checkoutitsABrushWithKindnesscampaignortheWomenBuildprogram,designedspecificallytohelpwomenlearnconstructionskills.Yourexperiencecancontributedirectlytoteam­buildingandleadershipability.LocalLibrariesAsateenager,Ivolunteeredatmylocallibraryforafewhoursaweekforaschoolproject.IlikeditsomuchthatIendedupvolunteeringeveryweekanddevelopedalife­longloveofbooks.Librariesbadlyneedhelptoorganizeshelvesandassistreaders,andyoumaysometimeshelpsetupandrunpublicevents，suchasauthorsigningsandbookfairs.ArtMuseumsIfyouloveart,workinginamuseumcanbeaninvaluableexperience.Youcansurroundyourselfwithtimelessworksofart,soakupknowledge,andacquireadministrativeskillsmeanwhile.Getinvolvedinthecommunitybyvolunteeringforfamilyprogramsandchildren'sactivitiesatyourlocalmuseum.5．Whatisanextraadvantagewhenyouvolunteerinanimalshelters?A．Owningyourfavoritepetfree.B．Becomingafull­timedogwalker.C．Helpingtobuildupyourknowledgebase.D．Contributetoyourownleadershipability.6．Wherecanyoulearnskillsofbetteringyourhome?A．AtHabitatforHumanity.B．Atalocalanimalshelter.C．Atalocallibrary.D．Atanartmuseum.7．Whatisbadlyneededforlocallibraries?A．Helpingdesignposters.B．Helpingwithpublicevents.C．Organizinglargebookfairs.D．Organizingbooksontheshelves.Ⅱ.完形填空IceandsnowfellheavilydownthewindowoftheofficewhereIwasworking.Asthewind__1__，IwonderedhowIwouldget__2__.The12­mileroutetookmeupanddownsteephillsandarounddangerousturns.Iwhisperedaprayerforsafety.Myoldgreencarwasdoingwellovertheicyroadway,__3__thesnowdrifts(雪堆).ButasIwentuponeofthesteepestandscariesthills,I__4__thetireswereslipping,andmycarwashavingdifficulty__5__theslope.Idecideditwastimetoswitchtofour­wheeldrive.Ipulledthelever(操纵杆)back,justlikemyhusbandhadtaughtme.Slowlythe__6__heldtheroadwithoutslipping,andthetopofthehillcame__7__.Butonthetop,thecarjuststopped.Ipushedandpulledthelever—nothinghappened.Iwas__8__．Nowwhat?EventhoughIhadmetnooneonthislonelystretchofroad,I__9__expectedthatsomeonemightcometohelp.Afterafewminutes,I__10__anoldtruck.AsmilingyoungmanI'dneverseenbefore__11__hiswindowandaskedifIneeded__12__.ItoldhimthatIdid.Heshowedme__13__tocontrolthefour­wheel­driveshiftingequipment,lockingitintoplace.Innotime,Ihadmycarmovingtowardhome.WhenIthankedthe__14__andaskedifhelivedaroundthearea，hejustsaid,“Oh，overthere.”DoIbelieveinangels?__15__．1．A.dropped B．howledC．faded D．changed2．A.home B．downtownC．abroad D．around3．A.avoiding B．strikingC．pushing D．observing4．A.suspected B．noticedC．whispered D．replied5．A.improving B．obtainingC．climbing D．gaining6．A.brakes B．chainsC．vehicles D．tires7．A.invain B．withinsightC．ontrial D．inprocess8．A.mistaken B．annoyedC．stuck D．relaxed9．A.proudly B．angrilyC．gratefully D．silently10．A.spotted B．possessedC．repaired D．drove11．A.brokeoff B．pouredinC．rolleddown D．kneltby12．A.water B．helpC．food D．sleep13．A.where B．howC．when D．whether14．A.cashier B．firemanC．stranger D．steward15．A.Never B．AnywayC．Still D．Certainly课时作业(十)Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】作者号召孩子们为独居的老太太买些食物，在购买食物的过程中，孩子们一致要求买些花送给老太太，作者开始不同意，最后作出让步。最后作者惊奇地发现，与食物相比，老太太更喜欢花。1．答案与解析：B词义猜测题。根据第一段内容及画线词后的theirhard­earnedmoney可知，这些钱是孩子们通过辛苦的劳动所得，故可推知，孩子们应是紧紧地攥着这些钱来到班级。A项意为“快速地抓住”；B项意为“紧紧地抓住”；C项意为“随便地拿着”；D项意为“紧张地抓住”。故选B项。2．答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，作者认为买些基本食物是更明智的，花不能吃，所以一开始作者拒绝买花。故选C项。3．答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第六段可知，作者和孩子们一路上在车辙纵横的路上颠簸，最后在树林里的一间小平房前停了下来，对于孩子们来说，来到这里十分不容易。故选B项。4．答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，孩子们坚持买花，作者一开始并不赞同，结果却发现花给老太太带来了莫大的欣喜。故可推知，应选D项。B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不需要经验的志愿者机会，并对工作内容进行了说明。5．答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据AnimalRescueShelters部分中“Trymakingsomeconnectionsamongthestafforofferingyourdogwalkingservicestothepetowners.Itmakesforagreatpart­timejob,andplus,mayturnintoafull­timeone.”可知，你在动物收容所做志愿者的额外优势是可能成为一名全职遛狗者，故选B。6．答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据HabitatforHumanity部分中“Ifyouareinterestedindevelopingexperienceinhomerepairandbuildingmaintenance,checkoutitsABrushWithKindnesscampaignortheWomenBuildprogram,designedspecificallytohelpwomenlearnconstructionskills.”可知，你可以在HabitatforHumanity学习改善你的家的技能，故选A。7．答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Librariesbadlyneedhelptoorganizeshelvesandassistreaders,andyoumaysometimeshelpsetupandrunpublicevents,suchasauthorsigningsandbookfairs.”可知，地方图书馆急需整理书架上的书籍，故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一次下班回家，遇到了糟糕的天气，自己操纵不了四轮驱动汽车，幸好路上遇到了一位热心的年轻人，教会自己如何操作，最后顺利到了家。1．答案与解析：B考查动词词义辨析。句意：风在怒吼着，我不知道该如何回家。结合上文“IceandsnowfellheavilydownthewindowoftheofficewhereIwasworking.”可知，天气很糟糕，外面雪下得很大，风也在怒吼，故选B。2．答案与解析：A考查副词词义辨析。结合下文“towardhome”可知，天气很差，作者不知道该如何回家，故选A。3．答案与解析：A考查动词词义辨析。句意：我那辆绿色的旧汽车在结冰的路面上行驶得很好，避开了雪堆。结合后文thesnowdrifts可知，车在道路上走，避开了雪堆，故选A。4．答案与解析：B考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我爬上最陡峭、最可怕的山坡之一时，我注意到轮胎在打滑，我的车很难爬上这个斜坡。根据下文thetireswereslipping可知，作者注意到车轮在打滑，故选B。5．答案与解