高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧之大总结2讲义

阅读理解大总结主旨与行文结构统摄法明显主旨关键词—主题词反复出现词、短语及同义变换关键句—主题句观点结论句子成分与结构分析关键段—主题段主题句+解释说明+举例说明+总结文章结构—行文结构总分总/总分/分总/分总分/分总分总/小总1分+小总2分=大总不明显主旨主题词+主题句+各段主题归纳概括总结细节服务于主旨主旨统摄细节避免把细节当成主旨考试时阅读文章要把握主旨+行文结构而不是沉迷于每一个词每一个句都要读明白当然平时分析试卷时还是要把文章中不熟悉的生词和复杂句子搞明白第1篇Mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache.IwasabletobuyitalittleoverayearagobecauseIhadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofalotofclothesthatwouldn'tfit.Iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel.Irealizedthisadaylate,whenIsaw:newspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventyfivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.ThesetworkedsobeautifullywhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight.Fortunately,Ididn'tgotanychannelsshowingallnightmoviesorIwouldneverhavegottentobed.Mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache首句就是主题句其余都在解释说明分清题干问的是主旨还是细节[2015全国II]BYourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessselfconscious(难为情)whenthey'reinpoorlylitplacesandsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn'thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.3.Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peqplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeuslesshungry.Sowhenit'stimetorepaint,goblue.4.Don'tforgettheclockortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastat30minutes.Andwhileyou'reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turningonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.5.Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplantscaneasilymakesusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12inchplateinsteadofa10inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14percent.Andwe'llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort.wideglassthanatall.skinnyglass.25.ThetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareaboutA.theirhomefortsB.theirbodyshapeC.housebuyingD.healthydiets28.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinnerC.EffectsofSelfConsciousness主旨句Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.=Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights+Mindthecolors+Don'tforgettheclockortheradio+Downsizethedishes.figure/'fɪgə/

/'fɪɡjɚ/n.图形；数字；（人的）体形；人物；画像；价格vi.出现；计算；扮演角色vt.描绘；计算；认为；象征词汇阅读理解的基础=拼写+发音+各种词性+各种含义行文结构总=分1+分2+分3+分4写作布局主题句主旨第1段总YourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigureHerearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.行文结构第2段分Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.第3段分Mindthecolors.第4段分Don'tforgettheclockortheradio第5段分Downsizethedishes我们抓住了主旨很多题都会迎刃而解25.ThetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareaboutA.theirhomefortsB.theirbodyshapeC.housebuyingD.healthydiets直接选B项shape是对主题词figure的同义改写28.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinnerEffectsofSelfConsciousnessIsyourhomeenvironmentrelaxing本身就是主旨题考查文章主旨直接可以选A项因为只有A才与主题词house和figure最贴切D选项将relaxing与主题figure风马牛不相及[2014辽宁]A1.Anewstudyshowsstudentswhowritenotesbyhandduringlecturesperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhouselaptops(笔记本电脑).2.Studentsareincreasinglyusinglaptopsfornotetakingbecauseofspeedandlegibility(清晰度).Buttheresearchhasfoundlaptopusersarelessabletorememberandapplytheconceptstheyhavebeentaught.3.Researchersperformedexperimentsthataimedtofindoutwhetherusingalaptopincreasedthetendencytomakenotesmindlessly"bytakingdownwordforwordwhattheprofessorssaid.4.Inthefirstexperiment,studentsweregiveneitheralaptoporpenandpaper.Theylistenedtothesamelecturesandweretoldtousetheirusualnotetakingskills.Thirtyminutesafterthetalk,theywereexaminedontheirabilitytorememberfactsandonhowwelltheyunderstoodconcepts.5.Theresearchersfoundthatlaptopuserstooktwiceasmanynotesasthosewhowrotebyhand.However,thetypistsperformedworseatrememberingandapplyingtheconcepts.Bothgroupsscoredsimilarlywhenitcametomemorizingfacts.6.Theresearchers'reportsaid,Whilemorenotesarebeneficial,ifthenotesaretakenmindlessly,asismorelikelythecaseonalaptop,thebenefitdisappears."7.Inanotherexperimentaimedattestinglongtermmemory,studentstooknotesasbeforebutweretestedaweekafterthelecture.Thistime,thestudentswhowrotenotesbyhandperformedsignificantlybetterontheexam.Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarenotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.24.ThepassageislikelytoappearinA.anewspaperadvertisementB.aputertextbookC.asciencemagazineD.afinancereport提出一个论点（主旨）第1段提出一个论点（主旨）Anewstudyshowsstudentswhowritenotesbyhandduringlecturesperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhouselaptops第2段theresearchhasfoundlaptopusersarelessabletorememberandapplytheconceptstheyhavebeentaught.承上对主旨解释说明Researchersperformedexperiments启下用两个实验来论证第456段Inthefirstexperiment讲第一个实验Inanotherexperimentaimed讲第二个实验并且最后一句得出结论呼应首句主旨进行总结Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarenotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.写作布局主题句主旨第1段总Anewstudyshowsstudentswhowritenotesbyhandduringlecturesperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhouselaptops行文结构第2段分theresearchhasfound....承上第3段分Researchersperformedexperiments....启下第456段分Inthefirstexperiment第7段总Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarenotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.24.ThepassageislikelytoappearinA.anewspaperadvertisementB.aputertextbookC.asciencemagazineD.afinancereport文章来源题根据主旨和主题词studyresearchexperiment可以直接选C项CD篇问题分析体裁较难：说明文或议论文出题者往往会隐藏主旨复杂化行文结构来迷惑考生增加难度总体思路：抓住主旨+理清行文结构+跳读例子和解释说明思路明显不明显抓住主旨八大信息关键处主题段主题句主题词归纳总结行文结构模式特点篇章结构分总分总铺垫引子（背景知识/特殊经历/相关或相反内容）+主旨观点+分别论述+总结呼应分总分问题分析型现象+分析+观点观点解释型观点+举例解释+结论每段结构总分型/分总分型开头总观点+后面分别解释说明先抑后扬型先说一个观点接着否定新说一个观点推导递进型...therefore...however...so...but...反复的反转这时就要全面的去看待不能以偏概全跳读文章要读不可全读关键信息处要重点读着重分析例子和解释说明可扫读忽略：数字大写字母人名地名组织名等专有名词八大关键信息出处分布情况①首尾句首尾段及各段首尾句或第二句②因果转折but,yet,however,though,instead,still,infact,asamatteroffact...because,as,for,since,dueto,resultfrom,asaresult,resultin,thanksto,so,thus,therefore,consequently,cause,leadto,contributeto...,now③正反对比unlike,bycontrast,inparison,beparedwith,however,unfortunately,now④人观事论Dr.xxsay,..thereportsuggeststhat...thestudyshowsthat....⑤事例前后forexample,forinstance,suchas,like,具体数据...⑥特殊标点:解释或总结——解释或补充说明?设问看答案;反问看本身⑦修饰修辞重复、倒装句、强调句...⑧特殊句式平时备考策略研读外刊时文从源头熟悉文章词汇积累尤其生词同/多义词生僻词高频词词性变换熟悉替换改写手法八大信息出处要敏感多背多标熟练长难句成分与结构分析明确正确选项如何改写的错误选项如何设置的抓主旨+行文结构+扫读跳读训练7、记录反思总结自己的错误思路并和正确思路比较看出差别从而找到努力方向[2020全国卷III阅读C]1.Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.2.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismotherinlaw:shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.FouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathreestoreyVictorianhouseinBristoloneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.4."Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,"saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:"WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismotherinlaw."5.AndwhatdoesNickthink?"Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIremendit?Yes,IthinkIwould."It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.7.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremoremon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of2534yearoldslivewiththeirparents,paredwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.8.Storieslikethataremoremoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband'sfamilywhentheygetmarried.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Lifestylesindifferentcountries.Conflictsbetweengenerations.AhousingprobleminBritain.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.写作布局主题句主旨第1段总提出一现象：morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether行文结构第2345段分举一个家庭的生活例子来说明这一现象第67段总数据说明thenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime/Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremoremon呼应第一段第8段分据其他国家例子说明wheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.根据主旨morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether和行文结构就可以直接选出D项文章讲的就是多代家庭生活在一起的现象A.第8段虽然举了印度但这一例子也是为了说明wheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted而不是说不同国家的生活方式B项文中并没有说冲突无中生有C项也没有说住房问题也是无中生有2020全国I卷D1.Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.2.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MlT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualpositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."Werethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.3.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomemonvegetables.Strano’steamtoundthatthevcouldcreateafaintlightforthreeandahalfhours.Thelight,aboutonethousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoselfpoweredstreetlamps.4.inthefuture.theteamhopestodevelopaversionOfthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaoneofftreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoffswitchwneretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.5.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighwayalotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).6.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollutionfree?写作布局主题句行文结构第1段铺垫引子Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.指出长久以来人和植物之间联系是科学研究的对象第2段主旨总Theengine