Unit+3+Conservation+Lesson+1+The+Sixth+Extinction++【知识精研+能力提升】高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit3ConservationLesson1TheSixthExtinction导dieout/becomeextinctwipeoutunusualmassendangered分手

她的心情affect1.HowmanytimesuptotodayhaslifeonEarthalmostdiedout?

2.AboutwhatpercentofallspeciesonEarthbecameextinctduringthemassextinctionknownasthe“GreatDying”?

3.Whatdoscientiststhinkwillcausethenextmassextinction?

第一段第三行Fivetimes.第一段第五行Morethan90%.第一段最后一行Humanactivity.4.Accordingtoscientists,whatarethereasonsforpreviousextinctions?

5.Whatdidscientistsfindoutinthe2015study?

6.Humanactivityhasnegativelyinfluencedonlyanimals.(T/F)第一段第7-8行Volcanoeruptions,asteroidshittingtheEarthfromspace,changesinsealevels,thedecreaseofoxygencontentofthesea,globalwarming第二段第七行Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1000timesfasterthannormal.F7.Inordertosurvive,whatstepsshouldbetakentoprotecttheplanet?()A.Settingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.B.Improvingourfarmingmethodstoreducewater,airandlandpollution.C.Usingcleaner,morenaturalsourcesofenergytochangethewayweworkandtravel.D.Alloftheabove.DExtinctions,

whereentirespeciesarewipedout,

arenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。主系表where引导非限制性定语从句，对extinctions进行补充说明引出话题：灭绝Infact,

over90percentofallspecies

thateverlived

arenowextinct.Inthelast500millionyears,therehavebeenfivetimeswhenlifeonEarthhasalmostended.Theseincludethethirdmassextinction,knownasthe“GreatDying”,whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies.

Andthefifthevent,whichoccurred66millionyearsago,causedthedeathofthedinosaurs.事实上，曾经存在的物种中90%以上现在都已经灭绝。在过去的五亿年中，地球上出现过五次生物几乎全部灭绝的情况。这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，期间90%至96%的物种灭亡。6600万年前发生的第五次灭绝导致了恐龙的灭亡。事实上主系表that引导定语从句，修饰specieswhen引导定语从句，修饰fivetimes被称为过去分词做定语which引导非限制性定语从句which引导非限制性定语从句表明事实：前5次灭绝Thereasonsforextinctionsarevaried.Accordingtoscientists,theyincludevolcaniceruptions,asteroidshittingtheEarthfromspace,changesinsealevels,thedecreaseoftheoxygencontentoftheseaandglobalwarming.ManyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth’ssixthmassextinction.Thistime,humanactivitywillbetoblame.灭绝的原因各不相同，科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋氧含量下降和全球变暖。许多科学家认为地球的第六次大灭绝即将来临，这一次，人类活动是主要原因。根据应受责备承上启下分析原因Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally,therate

atwhichthisisnowhappening

is

causeforconcern.A2015studybyscientistswhowerebasedatBrownUniversityandDukeUniversityintheUS,lookedathowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcauses,thatis,the“backgroundextinctionrate”.虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。2015年在美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究，调查了物种自然状态下灭亡的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。itis+adj+forsb+todosth

对于某人来说做某事是…主系attherate以…的速度表atwhich引导定语从句，修饰ratewho引导定语从句，修饰scientists调查由于

Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.Thereisalonglistofreasonswhysomanyspeciesaredyingout:airandwaterpollution,forestsbeingdestroyed,factoryfarmingandoverfishing.ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1000倍。这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和过度捕捞。显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。that引导宾语从句why引导定语从句，修饰reasons显然Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally,therate

atwhichthisisnowhappening

is

causeforconcern.A2015studybyscientistswhowerebasedatBrownUniversityandDukeUniversityintheUS,lookedathowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcauses,thatis,the“backgroundextinctionrate”.虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。2015年在美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究，调查了物种自然状态下灭亡的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。itis+adj+forsb+todosth

对于某人来说做某事是…主系attherate以…的速度表atwhich引导定语从句，修饰ratewho引导定语从句，修饰scientists调查由于

Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.Thereisalonglistofreasonswhysomanyspeciesaredyingout:airandwaterpollution,forestsbeingdestroyed,factoryfarmingandoverfishing.ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1000倍。这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和过度捕捞。显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。that引导宾语从句why引导定语从句，修饰reasons显然一长串的Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs,scientists

whohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatupto

threequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.Ofcourse,aswehumansdependonsomanyspeciesforoursurvival,wewouldalsobeatriskofdyingout.Ourworldandourlivesdependonthebalanceinnaturebetweenanimalsandplants.因为，由于

who引导定语从句，修饰scientists直到，多达依赖，取决于宾从冒着……的风险Withoutforests,wewouldhavenoairtobreathe,andwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunableto

survive.

不能做

Canasixthextinctionbeavoided?Expertssaythatitisnotyet

toolate,ifwetakeaction

now.Thiswouldmeanwehavetosignificantlychangethewaywelive.避免~doing避免做宾从还没有，还没采取行动显著地，极大地Forexample,weneedtotakestepsto

saveendangeredspecies,includingsettingupspecialareas

whereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.Weneedtochangehowweworkandtravelbyusingcleaner,morenaturalsourcesofenergy,suchaswindandsolarenergy.采取措施做=takemeasurestodowhere引导定语从句，修饰areas建立Wealsoneedtoimproveourfarmingmethodstoreducewater,airandlandpollution.Inshort,ifwewanttosurvive,weneedtostopdestroyingtheplanet

thatweliveonandstarttoprotectit.that引导定语从句，修饰planet检ThesixthextinctionPara.1Lead