华南理工大学考研真题-05综合测试

朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。PAGE第页/共页更多考研资料，登陆1PartI.Vocabulary(20marks)SectionOneDirections:Choosethewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.(10marks)Iknowyouaretiredanddisappointed,butdon’ttakeit___onme.

a.off

b.out

c.afterTohavealotofstressissimilartobeing___downbyalotofproblems.

a.poured

b.cut

c.weightedToeatfoodveryquicklyisto___.

a.boltitdown

b.pigout

c.whipitupTheprofessorgotintroubleformaking__________remarksabouttheDeanofFaculty.benignpejorativepensiveHeput___foratransfer,butitwasrefused.

a.on

b.in

c.byTosaysomethingsuddenlyandwithoutthinkingisto___.

a.easeup

b.rubin

c.blurtoutTothinkaboutanidea,butnotseriouslyisto___.

a.toywithit

b.dreamaboutit

c.workitoutEsmerelda’sdissertationwasonsuchan___________subjectthatnoonecouldunderstandit.equitableesotericauspiciousIfsomeonesaid,“Youarethebomb!”sheorheprobablywouldbetellingyou:Youhaveabadtemper.Youareawarweapon.Youareexceptionaland/orwonderful.Whensomeoneisdescribedasbeinga“pill”,a.thepersonisdifficultorbad-tempered.

b.thepersonissickly.

c.thepersonisfuntoworkwith.Thenextbusshould________inthenextquarterofanhourorso.bedownbeoutofbealongSchools_______attheendofJuneforthesummerholidays.breakinbreakupbreakoutofThemanagementreally__________himforlosingthecontract.camedownoncamefromcamedownThebandare_________anewCDintheautumn.bringingoutbringingupbringingroundHe_________thearrangementsandeverythingransmoothlyandefficiently.sawoffsawtosawoutItisfather’sjobto___outpunishmentinourfamily.

a.meat

b.meet

c.meteThecongresspassedavoteof___againstthepresident.

a.censor

b.censure

c.sensorTheheatmadetheperfume___fromthewomengatheredinthesmallroom.

a.emanate

b.eminent

c.imminentTheweather___hasaroosterdesignonit.

a.vane

b.vain

c.veinShegavesilent___totheproposal.

a.ascend

b.ascent

c.assentSectionTwoDirections:Ineachofthefollowingsentences,thereisoneitalicizedwordorphrase.WritedownitsChineseequivalentontheanswersheet.(10marks)Withuncontrollableagitation,sheopenedthetelegram.Heiscandidabouthisopinion.Eveningwasevidentlyapproaching,butthesundidnotrelent.Hisentireargumentwassimplymush.Heranoutonhispromisetohelpus.Dishescommendedbysomepeoplemaybenauseatedbyothers.Johnwasprolificinshoesandties.Marywasahandsomewomanwithregularfeatures.Whenmyshipcomesin,IwilltakeatriptoNorway.Lunchwasservedintwosittings.SmithcouldsmatterFrench.Therewasaspeakingportraitofhermotheronthewall.Hedidatwo-yearspellasaspecialadviser.Leechseemedveryuptightaboutmybeingthere.Thebookisunderlinedforpublicationnextmonth.Thetalkwaseasyanduninhabited.Yourplanistenableandwell-thought-out.Allhisactionsaregovernedbyexpediency.Theyhadsolvedthebiggestproblemsandtherestwasdownhill.Theleasehasexpired.PartII.ReadingComprehension(50marks)Directions:Readthefollowingpassagesandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachstatement.Writedownyouranswersontheanswersheet.(2.5markseach)Passage1TobroadentheirvotingappealinthePresidentialelectionof1796,theFederalistsselectedThomasPinckney,aleadingSouthCarolinian,asrunningmatefortheNewEnglanderJohnAdams.ButPinckney’sSouthernfriendschosetoignoretheirparty’sintentionsandregardedPinckneyasaPresidentialcandidate,creatingapoliticalsituationthatAlexanderHamiltonwasdeterminedtoexploit.HamiltonhadlongbeenwaryofAdams’stubbornlyindependentbrandofpoliticsandpreferredtoseehisrunningmate,overwhomhecouldexertmorecontrol,inthePresident’schair.TheelectionwasheldunderthesystemoriginallyestablishedbytheConstitution.Atthattimetherewasbutasingletally,withthecandidatereceivingthelargestnumberofelectoralvotesdeclaredPresidentandthecandidatewiththesecondlargestnumberdeclaredVice-President.HamiltonanticipatedthatalltheFederalistsintheNorthwouldvoteforAdamsandPinckneyequallyinanattempttoensurethatJeffersonwouldnotbeeitherfirstorsecondinthevoting.PinckneywouldbesolidlysupportedintheSouthwhileAdamswouldnot.HamiltonconcludedifitwerepossibletodivertafewelectoralvotesfromAdamstoPinckney,PinckneywouldreceivemorethanAdams,yetbothFederalistswouldoutpollJefferson.VariousmethodswereusedtopersuadetheelectorstovoteasHamiltonwished.Inthepress,anonymousarticleswerepublishedattackingAdamsforhismonarchialtendenciesandJeffersonforbeingoverlydemocratic,whilepushingPinckneyastheonlysuitablecandidate.InprivatecorrespondencewithstatepartyleaderstheHamiltoniansencouragedtheideathatAdams’popularitywasslipping,thathecouldnotwintheelection,andthattheFederalistscoulddefeatJeffersononlybysupportingPinckney.HadsectionalprideandloyaltynotrunashighinNewEnglandasintheDeepSouth,PinckneymightwellhavebecomeWashington’ssuccessor.NewEnglanders,however,realizedthatequalvotesforAdamsandPinckneyintheirstatewoulddefeatAdams;therefore,eighteenelectorsscratchedPinckney’snamefromtheirballotsanddeliberatelythrewawaytheirsecondvotestomenwhowerenotevenrunning.ItwasfortunateforAdamsthattheydid,fortheelectorsfromSouthCarolinacompletelyabandonedhim,givingeightvotestoPinckneyandeighttoJefferson.Intheend,Hamilton’sinterferenceinPinckney’scandidacylosteventheVice-PresidencyforSouthCarolina.WithoutNewEngland’ssupport,Pinckneyreceivedonly59electoralvotes,finishingthirdtoAdamsandJefferson.HemighthavebeenPresidentin1797,orasVice-PresidentaseriouscontenderforthePresidencyin1800;instead,stigmatizedbyaplothehadnotdevised,heservedabrieftermintheUnitedStatesSenateandthendroppedfromsightasanationalinfluence.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto____________.proposereformsoftheproceduresforelectingthePresidentandVice-PresidentcondemnAlexanderHamiltonforinterferingintheelectionof1796describethepoliticaleventsthatledtoJohnAdams’victoryinthe1796PresidentialelectioncontrastthepoliticalphilosophyoftheFederaliststothatofThomasJeffersonWhichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassage?ThefailureofAlexanderHamilton’sPlanforThomasPinckneytoWinthe1796PresidentialElectionTheRootsofAlexanderHamilton’sDistrustofjohnAdamsandNewEnglandPoliticsImportantIssuesinthe1796PresidentialcampaignasPresentedbytheFederalistCandidatesThePoliticalCareersofAlexanderHamilton,JohnAdams,andThomasPinckneyAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwastrueofthePresidentialelectionof1796?ThomasJeffersonreceivedmoreelectoralvotesthandidThomasPinckney.JohnAdamsreceivedstrongsupportfromtheelectorsofSouthCarolina.AlexanderHamiltonreceivedmostoftheelectoralvotesofNewEngland.ThomasPinckneywasselectedbyFederalistpartyleaderstobetheparty’sPresidentialcandidate.Accordingtothepassage,Hamilton’splanincludedallBUTwhichofthefollowing?ArticlespublishedinnewspaperstocreateoppositiontoJohnAdamsSouthCarolina’sloyaltytoThomasPinckneySupportthattheNewEnglandstateswouldgivetoJohnAdamsJohnAdams’reputationasastubbornandindependentNewEnglanderWhydoestheauthorrefertotheelectionprocedureestablishedbytheoriginalConstitution?ToprovetothereaderthatNewEnglandasawholehadmoreelectoralvotesthanthestateofSouthCarolinaTopersuadethereaderthatThomasPinckney’sdefeatcouldhavebeenavoidedToalertthereaderthattheprocedureusedin1796wasunlikethatcurrentlyusedToencouragethereadertostudyConstitutionalhistoryTheoveralldevelopmentofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas________.refutingpossibleexplanationsforcertainphenomenadocumentingathesiswithspecificexamplesofferinganexplanationofaseriesofeventsmakingparticularproposalstosolveaproblemThepassageimpliesthatsomeelectorsvotedforJohnAdamsbecausetheywere____________.infavorofamonarchypersuadedtodosobyHamiltonafraidSouthCarolinawouldnotvoteforPinckneyanxioustohaveaPresidentfromtheirgeographicalregionWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?ThomasPinckneyhadapersonaldislikeforJefferson’spolitics.TheFederalistsregardedthemselvesasmoredemocraticthanJefferson.NewEnglandstatescastmoreelectoralvotesforJeffersonthandidtheSouth.Electorswerelikelytovoteforcandidatesfromtheirowngeographicalregions.ItcanbeinferredthathadSouthCarolinanotcastanyelectoralvotesforJefferson,theoutcomeofthe1796electionwouldhavebeena________.largermarginofvictoryforJohnAdamsvictoryforThomasJeffersonFederalistdefeatintheSenateVictoryforThomasPinckneyHamilton’sstrategycanbestbesummarizedas____________.divideandconquerretreatandregroupfeintandcounterattackhitandrunThetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas________.wittycomicalscholarlyfrivolousTheauthor’sattitudetowardHamilton’splancanbedescribedas____________.angryapprovinganalyticalregretfulPassage2Theliberalviewofdemocraticcitizenshipthatdevelopedinthe17thand18thcenturieswasfundamentallydifferentfromthatoftheclassicalGreeks.ThepursuitofprivateinterestswithaslittleinterferenceaspossiblefromgovernmentwasseenastheroadtohumanhappinessandprogressratherthanthepublicobligationsandinvolvementinthecollectivecommunitythatwereemphasizedbytheGreeks.Freedomwastoberealizedbylimitingthescopeofgovernmentalactivityandpoliticalobligationandnotthroughimmersioninthecollectivelifeofthepolis.Thebasicroleofthecitizenwastoselectgovernmentalleadersandkeepthepowersandscopeofpublicauthorityincheck.Ontheliberalview,therightsofcitizensagainstthestatewerethefocusofspecialemphasis.Overtime,theliberaldemocraticnotionofcitizenshipdevelopedintwodirections.First,therewasamovementtoincreasetheproportionofmembersofsocietywhowereeligibletoparticipateascitizens–especiallythroughextendingtherightofsuffrage–andtoensurethebasicpoliticalequalityofall.Second,therewasabroadeningofthelegitimateactivitiesofgovernmentandauseofgovernmentalpowertoredressimbalancesinsocialandeconomiclife.Politicalcitizenshipbecameaninstrumentthroughwhichgroupsandclasseswithsufficientnumbersofvotescouldusethestatepowertoenhancetheirsocialandeconomicwell-being.Withinthegeneralliberalviewofdemocraticcitizenship,tensionshavedevelopedoverthedegreetowhichgovernmentcanandshouldbeusedasaninstrumentforpromotinghappinessandwell-being.PoliticalphilosopherMartinDiamondhascategorizedtwoviewsofdemocracyasfollows.Ontheonehand,thereisthe“libertarian”perspectivethatstressestheprivatepursuitofhappinessandemphasizesthenecessityforrestraintongovernmentandprotectionofindividualliberties.Ontheotherhand,thereisthe“majoritarian”viewthatemphasizesthe“taskofthegovernmenttoupliftandaidthecommonmanagainthemalefactorsofgreatwealth.”Thetensionsbetweenthesetwoviewsareveryevidenttoday.Taxpayerrevoltsandcallsforsmallergovernmentandlessgovernmentregulationclashwithdemandsforgreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomicmarketplaceandthesocialsphere.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto____________.studyancientconceptsofcitizenshipcontrastdifferentnotionsofcitizenshipcriticizemodernlibertariandemocracydescribetheimportanceofuniversalsuffrageItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheGreekwordpolismeans________.familylifemilitaryserviceprivateclubpoliticalcommunityTheauthorcitesMartinDiamond(paragraph3)becausetheauthor____________.regardsMartinDiamondasanauthorityonpoliticalphilosophywishestorefuteMartinDiamond’sviewsoncitizenshipneedsadefinitionoftheterm“citizenship”wantsvoterstosupportMartinDiamondasacandidateforpublicofficeAccordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingarecharacteristicsoftheliberalideaofgovernmentthatwoulddistinguishtheliberalideaofgovernmentfromtheGreekideaofgovernmentEXCEPT________theemphasisontherightsofprivatecitizenstheactivitiesgovernmentmaylegitimatelypursuetheobligationofcitizenstoparticipateingovernmentthesideofthegeographicalareacontrolledbyagovernmentAmajoritarianwouldbemostlikelytofavorlegislationthatwould____________.eliminateallrestrictionsonindividuallibertycutspendingforsocialwelfareprogramsprovidegreaterprotectionforconsumerslowertaxesonthewealthyandraisetaxesontheaverageworkerPassage3Thestarsawakenacertainreverence,becausethoughalwayspresent,theyareinaccessible.Infact,allnaturalobjectsmakeasimilarimpression–whenthemindisopentotheirinfluence.NoteventhewisestpersoncanextortfromNatureallofhersecretsnorexhausthiscuriositybyfindingoutallherperfection.Natureneverbecameatoytoawisespirit.WhenwespeakofNatureinthismanner,wemeantheintegrityofexpressionmademanifoldbynaturalobjects.ThecharminglandscapewhichIsawthismorningisindubitablymadeupofsometwentyorthirtyfarms.ThisfieldisthepropertyofMiller,thatonethepropertyofLocke,andthatonebeyondthewoodpropertyofManning.Butnoneofthemownsthelandscape.Thereispropertyinthehorizonwhichnomanhas,butitbelongsonlytohimwhoseeyescanintegratealltheparts.Thisisthebestpartofthesemen’sfarms,yettothistheirwarrantygivesnotitle.ThepowertoproducethisdelightdoesnotresideinNaturebutinhumans,orintheharmonyofboth,forNatureisnotalwaysdeckedoutinholidayattire.Thesamescenewhichyesterdaybreathedperfumeandglitteredisoverspreadwithmelancholytoday.Naturealwayswearsthecolorofthespirit.Thephrase“Natureneverbecameatoytothewisespirit”meanswhichofthefollowing:Educatedpeopledonottreatnatureaschildrendo.Naturewillalwaysconquereventhemostlearnedperson.Natureisunpredictableandhumanbeingscannotunderstandit.Atrulywisepersondoesnotlosehisappreciationofnature.Theauthorimpliesthatthedifferencebetweenfarmsandthelandscapeisprimarilyamatterof________.cultivationperceptionownershipallegianceTheauthorusesthewordpropertyinthephrase“propertyinthehorizon”toexpress________.melancholyreverencedisbeliefironyPartIII.CriticalReading(30marks)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestionsontheAnswerSheet.(2markseach)Passage1Thelivinglanguageislikeacowpath:itisthecreationofthecowsthemselves,who,havingcreatedit,followitordepartfromitaccordingtotheirwhimsandneeds.Fromdailyuse,thepathundergoeschange.Acowisundernoobligationtostayinthenarrowpathshehelpedtomake,followingthecontouroftheland,butsheoftenprofitsbystayingwithitandshewouldbehandicappedifshedidn'tknowwhereitwasandwhereitled....Question1:Incomparinglivinglanguagetoacowpath,whatpointisthewritertryingtomake?Question2:Whatdoestheword“whims”suggestaboutlanguageusers?Passage2TheEmergencyWardofacityhospitaloftenresemblesamedievalfair.Thesceneisfullofpageantry;astateofcommotionprevails,andtheatmosphereisreminiscentofamarketplace:peoplethronginwithcomplaintsasiftheywerehawkingwares.Exposingpainfulchestsorstomachs,orwavinginjuredpartsintheair,theyclamorforanaudience.Hopingtoattractnotice,theywillbargainspiritedly,eachoneenteringintoanexplanationofwhyhisillness,likeapieceofmerchandise,ismoredeservingofattentionthanthenext.(StephenHoffman,“TheEmergencyWard”)Question3:Incomparingacityhospitaltoamedievalfair,whatcentralpointisHoffmanmakingaboutbigcityemergencyrooms?Passage3Itisapparentlyverynecessarytodistinguishbetweenparenthoodandparentage.Parenthoodisanart;parentageistheconsequenceofamerebiologicalact.Thebiologicalabilitytoproduceconceptionandtogivebirthtoachildhasnothingwhatevertodowiththeabilitytocareforthatchildasitrequirestobecaredfor.Thatability,likeeveryother,mustbelearned.Itishighlydesirablethatparentagebenotundertakenuntiltheartofparenthoodhasbeenlearned.Isthisacounselofperfection?Asthingsstandnow,perhapsitis,butitneednotalwaysbeso.Parentageisoftenirresponsible.Parenthoodisresponsible.Parentageatbestisresponsibleforthebirthofachild.Parenthoodisresponsibleforthedevelopmentofahumanbeing--notsimplyachild,butahumanbeing.Idonotthinkitisanoverstatementtosaythatparenthoodisthemostimportantoccupationintheworld.Thereisnooccupationforwhichtheindividualshouldbebetterpreparedthanthis,forwhatcanbemoreimportanttotheindividual,hisfamily,hiscommunity,hissociety,hisnation,andtheworldofhumanitythanthemakingofagoodhumanbeing?Andthemakingofagoodhumanbeingislargelytheworkofgoodparents.Anditiswork--hardwork--nottobeirresponsiblyundertakenorperfunctorilyperformed.Yetparenthood,perhapslikepolitics,istheonlyprofessionforwhichpreparationisconsideredunnecessary.(AshleyMontagu,TheAmericanWayofLife)Question4:Writeacompletesentenceinyourownwordsthatexpressesthemainidea.Question5:Whatdistinctiondoesthewritermakewhenhewrites,“Parenthoodisresponsibleforthedevelopmentofahumanbeing--notsimplyachild.”Question6:Listtwopointsthewritermakesaboutparentage.Question7:Listtwopointsthewritermakesaboutparenthood.Passage4Readingisfarmorethanrecognitionofthegraphicsymbols.Itismuchmorethanthemereabilitytopronouncethewordsontheprintedpage;itisevenmorethanthegainingofmeaningfromprintedmaterials.Thereaderisstimulatedbythewriter'swords,butinturnveststhesewordswithhisownmeaning.Readingtypicallyisthebringingofmeaningtoratherthanthegainingofmeaningfromtheprintedpage.(EmeraldDechant,ImprovingtheTeachingofReading)Question8:Writeacompletesentenceinyourownwordstostatethemainidea.Question9:Writeacompletesentenceinyourownwordstostatethemethodofdevelopment?Passage5Whatdoeslargeschoolsizeandlargeclasssizemeanfromthestandpointoftheteenager’seffortsatself-definition?Oneclearconsequenceisthelossofwhathasbeencalledmentoring.Intheautobiographiesofmanymenandwomenwhobecamesuccessfuldespiteadversity,onerepeatedlyfindsthatasignificantpersonintheirlivesrecognizedtheirspecialgiftsanddevotedtime,energy,andskilltohelpingthemrealizetheirabilities.Moreoftenthannot,thissignificantpersonwasateacherorcoachwhomthesuccessfulpersonfirstencounteredinschool.Althoughteacherandpupildidnotmeetatschool,theimportanceoftheroleofthementorisbestillustratedbythecaseofHelenKeller.Asayoungchildshewasnotonlydeafandblindbutnearlydementedinherbehavior.Ittooktheinsight,dedication,andhardworkofherteacher,AnneSullivan,toenableHelenKellertorealizeherintellectualandartisticgifts.Theestablishmentofamentorrelationshipismuchmorelikelyinthesmallhighschool,withitssmallclasses,thaninthelargehighschool.Itisnexttoimpossible,forexample,foranEnglishteacherwhoseestwohundredstudentsadaytosingleoutafewtoworkwithintensively.Manygiftedandtalentedstudentsfailtorealizetheirpotentialbecausethebignessoftoday'sschoolsmilitatesagainstthementoringofsuchstudentsbyindividualfacultymembers.(DavidElkind,AllGrownUpandNoPlacetoGo)Question10:Writeacompletesentenceinyourownwordstostatethemainidea.Question11:Writeacompletesentenceinyourownwordstostatethemethodofdevelopment.Passage6[Theauthorofthispassage,WilliamFinnegan,describesanexpe