专题04“一带一路”-中考英语时文阅读专项训练

中考英语热点时文阅读专题04“一带一路”姓名：_________班级：_________学号：_________文章导读阅读理解A篇：亚运闭幕，赛短情长。B篇：诺贝尔化学奖：为世界添彩的量子点。C篇：“一带一路”10周年，各国领导人齐聚北京。“一带一路”持续为世界提供新机遇。D篇：敦煌的女儿——樊锦诗获联合国教科文组织杰出贡献奖。E篇：深入开展语言资源的保护——我国建成世界最大语言资源库。阅读回答问题：普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观列入《世界遗产名录》。语法填空：宋·朱熹的诗歌欣赏——观书有感。A阅读理解The19thAsianGamesclosedonOct8．Overthe16-dayGames,around12,000athletesfrom45countriesandregionssharedunforgettabletimesinHangzhou．ItmarksthethirdtimethatChinahashostedanAsianevent,followingBeijingin1990andGuangzhouin2010．TheHangzhouAsianGameshad40sports,61disciplines(分项),and481events．Atthetopofthemedaltally,Chinagot201golds,111silversand71bronzes．AccordingtotheOlympicCouncilofAsia(OCA),over60percentoftheteamsattheGameswongoldmedals,while85percentreachedthepodium(领奖台)．Intheclosingceremony,theHangzhouOlympicSportsCenterStadiumturnedintoagreatgardenwithARvisualeffects(增强现实视觉效果)．Thedigitaltorchbearer(数字火炬手),lastseenintheopeningceremonywhereitlitthecauldron(主火炬),alsoreturnedtosaygoodbye．“WehaveachievedthemostsuccessfulAsianGamesinhistory,”saidChenWeiqiang,executivesecretarygeneraloftheorganizingcommittee．ChensaidthattheHangzhouAsianGamesintegratedHangzhou’srichhistoricalheritage,surginginnovationandvitality,creatingauniqueAsianGamesbrand．“ItcanbesaidthattheHangzhouAsianGameswereanimportantopportunityforthecityto‘takeoff’,”Chensaid．“Andtheexistingvenues(场馆)willhostotherlarge-scaleinternationaltournaments,aswellastheOlympics．”WeiJizhong,honorarylifevice-presidentoftheOCA,said:“ThesuccessoftheAsianGameshasprovidedthecouncilwithanopportunitytoestablishbasiccriteriaforfutureAsianGames．“Inaddition,duetovenuerestrictions,somespectators(观众)havecheeredontheathletesonthelargescreenoutsidethevenue．IhavetakenpartinmanyOlympicandAsianGames,buttheaudienceattheHangzhouAsianGamesimpressedmethemost．”

1．HowmanycountriesandregionsparticipatedintheHangzhouAsianGames?A．40B．45C．60D．852．WhydidtheaudienceattheHangzhouAsianGamesimpressWeiJizhongexceptionally?A．TheyweretheloudestsupportersB．TheyparticipatedinthegamesthemselvesC．TheywonthemostmedalsD．Theyfollowedthegamesonthelargescreenoutsidethevenueduetovenuerestrictions3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsisright?A．ChinahashostedtheAsianGamesthreetimesbefore．B．Chinahasgot383medalsintheHangzhouAsianGames．C．Thedigitaltorchbearerlitthecauldron(主火炬),alsoreturnedtoputoutthecauldron．D．85percenttheteamsattheGameshavegotgoldmedals．4．WhatcanbeinferredfromthearticleabouttheHangzhouAsianGames?A．ChinahashostedtheAsianGamestwicebefore．B．Over60percentoftheteamswongoldmedals．C．TheHangzhouOlympicSportsCenterStadiumwastransformedintoagardenwithARvisualeffects．D．TheHangzhouAsianGameswillhaveanimportantimpactonthecity’sfuturesportsevents．5．What’sthemainideaofthisarticle?A．Chinasuccessfullyhostedthe19thAsianGamesinHangzhou．B．TheHangzhouAsianGamesachievedunprecedentedsuccess．C．TheHangzhouAsianGamescreatedauniquebrandforthecity．D．TheHangzhouAsianGameswillhavealastingimpactonfuturesportsevents．B阅读理解“Rosesarered．Violetsareblue．”AsanEnglishpoemtellsus,mostthingsweseeintheworldhaveacertaincolor．However,ifaredroseshrinks(缩小)totheworldofnanometers(纳米),chancesareyoumightseeitinorange,yellow,orblue,dependingonitssize．Thisincrediblephenomenonisduetothequantumeffect(量子效应)．

Anelement’sproperties(性质)arelargelydeterminedbyhowmanyelectronsithas,notedtheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences．However,whenmattershrinkstonanometers,itspropertiesaredeterminedbyitssize．Basedonthiseffect,AlexeiEkimovfromRussiaandLouisBrusandMoungiBawendifromtheUSreceivedtheNobelPrizeinchemistrythisyearforthediscoveryanddevelopmentofquantumdots(量子点),semiconductingnanoparticles(半导体纳米粒子)thatareusually2to10nanometersinsize．“Quantumdotshavemanyfascinatingandunusualproperties．Importantly,theyhavedifferentcolorsdependingontheirsize,”saidJohanAqvist,ChairoftheNobelCommitteeforChemistry．Quantumdotsabsorblightandthenreleaseitatanotherwavelength(波长)．Thesmallerthedotis,theshorterthewavelengthis,resultinginabluerlight．Likewise,thelargeritis,theredderthelightwillbe．Theresearchbythethreescientistsopenedupawholenewworldforchemistry．Thelightfromquantumdotsispureandbright,providingmoreconvenienceandenjoymentinmanyaspectsofourlives．Inhospitals,quantumdotsareappliedtobioimaging(生物成像)andtraceable(可追踪的)drugdelivery．Theycanguidedoctorswhentheyremovetumors(肿瘤)．Thedotsaremuchbrighterthantraditionalorganicdyes(染料)．Inourhomes,weenjoypureanddynamiclightfromTVandcomputerdisplaysusingQLEDtechnology(Qstandsforquantumdots)．Inlabs,chemistsmakeuseoflightfromquantumdotstocatalyze(催化)chemicalreactions．Lookingahead,scientistsbelievethatquantumdotscouldhelpinthemakingoftinysensorsandthinnersolarcells,aswellasinencrypted(加密的)quantumcommunication．Quantumdotshavebeenbenefitinghumankindinmanyways．However,ourexplorationofthemisstillatanearlystage．

1．Whatdeterminesthecolorofquantumdots?A．Thematerialtheyaremadeof．B．Theamountoflighttheyabsorb．C．Theirsizes．D．Thewavelengththeyemit．2．Quantumdotsabsorblightandreleaseitatadifferentwavelength．Whichaccuratelyexplainstherelationshipbetweenquantumdotsizeandcolor?A．SmallerdotsappearbluerB．SmallerdotsappearredderC．LargerdotsappearbluerD．Largerdotsappearredder3．Inwhataspectsarequantumdotsbeingusedinhospitals?a．Biologicalimagingb．Write

a

prescription(开处方)c．Tumorremovald．Dyeusagee．DrugdeliveryA．a,b,cB．b,c．eC．a．c,eD．a．d．e4．Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A．ThreescientistsreceivedtheNobelPrizeinchemistryfortheirdiscoveryofquantumeffects．B．Theapplicationsofquantumdotsareachievinggreatsuccess．C．Researchonquantumdotsisstillintheearlystage．D．Thesmallerthequantumdot,thelongerthewavelengthitreleases．5．What’sthemainideaofthisarticle?A．IntroductiontothreescientistswhohavewontheNobelPrizeinChemistry．B．Theimportanceofquantumeffectindetermininganelement’sproperties．C．Exploredthepotentialapplicationfieldsoffuturequantumdots．D．Thediscoveryanddevelopmentofquantumdotsandtheirapplicationsindifferentfields．C阅读理解In2013,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingproposed(提议)theinitiatives(倡议)ofjointlybuildingaSilkRoadEconomicBeltanda21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad,whichbecameknownastheBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI,“一带一路”倡议)．SincethentheBRIhasgonethroughalongjourneyofgrowth．Thisyearmarksits10thanniversary(周年纪念)oftheBRI．

AstheBRIcontinuestobringtheworldtogether,youngpeoplefromtheBeltandRoadcountriesseehowitcontinuestodevelopandhaveadeeperunderstandingofit．LashynZeiin,aKazakh

(哈萨克的)studentatNazarbayevUniversity,saidthatin2013shevisitedChina．“Tome,itwasanamazingnewworldwithbeautifullandscapesanddynamic(多元的)cultures,”shesaid．ShethendecidedtocontinuelearningChinese．ThandiMtsetwene,22,fromSouthAfrica,saidthatnowSouthAfricanpeoplearearguinghowthecountry’sfuturewillbenefitfromeconomicinterdependence(经济上的相互依赖)broughtbytheBRI．“Iaminsupportofawin-winrelationshipbroughtbytheBRI,whichalsowidensanddeepenstheconnectionsallovertheworld,”sheadded．Infact,theBRIhasbroughtaboutgreatchangestotheBeltandRoadcountries．

TemelidiYuliafromRussiasaidthattheBRIhasencouragedculturalexchangesbetweenhercountryandtherestoftheworld．Forexample,“ChinaandRussiabothinviteguestsfromeachothertoperform(展示)theirownculture．Inthis

way,peopleinthesetwocountriescanunderstandeachother’sculture,”saidYulia．KairatBekmurzayevfromKazakhstangrewupinasmalltownthatis35kmawayfrom

theborder(边境)withChina．Whenhewaslittle,BekmurzayevalwayswaitedforhisfatherwhoworkedinChinatobringcandiesandnewtoys．

Butnow,hecanenjoythechildhoodjoyallthetime．HesaidthatthankstotheBRI,aninternationalcenterforcross-bordercooperation(合作)wassetup．“Thecenterhelpedmanypeopletoimprovetheirwayoflife．Theymadenewhouses,schoolsandalsobuiltroads,“saidBekmurzayev．1．WhatmadeLashynZeiincontinuelearningChinese?A．TheBRI’sinfluenceonherhomecountry．B．AnamazingtriptoChinain2013．C．HerinterestinAsianculture．D．HerChineseteacher’sencouragement．2．WhatdoesYuliathinkoftheBRI?

A．Itincreasesbusinesscooperationamongcountries．

B．Itimprovesculturalexchangesbetweencountries．C．IthaschangedtheRussianeconomicsystem．D．ItimprovestheRussianpeople’swayoflife．

3．HowdidtheBRIchangeBekmurzayev’slife?A．Itmadehislivingconditionsbetter．B．Itmadehiscitytherichestinhiscountry．C．Hecouldfreelytravelacrosstheborder．D．HecouldfindabetterjobinChina．

4．AccordingtoThandiMtsetwene,whatbenefitdoesSouthAfricaexpectfromtheBRI?A．EnhancedsecuritycooperationwithChina．B．IncreasedforeignaidfromChina．C．ImprovedhealthcaresystemfundedbyChina．D．Economicinterdependenceandglobalconnections．5．Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?A．ThearticlechieflydiscusseshowtheBRIimpactstheeconomy．B．ThearticlemainlyexplorestheriseofChina’spower．C．ThearticleprimarilyrevealshowtheBRIpromotesculturalexchangesandimprovesthequalityoflife．D．Thearticlemainlydescribesthedevelopmentofmulticulturalism．D阅读理解OnSept7,famousChinesearchaeologist(考古学家)FanJinshi,85,wasawardedbyUNESCOforhercontribution(贡献)totheprotectionoftheMogaoCavesinDunhuang．

Calledthe“daughterofDunhuang”,herstorywiththecavesstarted60yearsago．In1963,Fan,thena25-year-oldPekingUniversitygraduate,hadthechancetoworkattheMogaoCaves,aplaceshehadwantedtoexploreforalongtime．

“SeeingDunhuangforthefirsttimewasbreathtaking．ButonlywhentrulystayingheredidIrealizethatinsidethecavesisaworldofdivine(神圣的)beautywhileoutsideisalandofblowingsandandyellowearth,”FantoldGansuDaily．Backinthosedays,theMogaoCaveswerealmostcompletelycutofffromtheworld．Fanandhercoworkershadtoliveinmudhousesanddrinksaltywater．Theystayedinsidethecavestodoresearch,copymurals(壁画),anddowhatevertheycouldtoprotectandrestorethem．In2011,after40yearsofhardwork,areporton10MogaoCavescompiled(编写)byFan’steamwasfinallypublished．ItwasknownasChina’sfirstprofessionalreportoncavearchaeology．Astimepassed,Fanfoundaseriousproblem．TheincreasingnumberoftouristsvisitingDunhuangmightharmthecaves,causingthemuralsinsidetofade．Asolutionneededtobefoundtopreserve(保护)Dunhuang’sheritage．Inthelate1980s,Fanstumbleduponcomputertechnologybychance．SherealizedthatthismightpreservetheMogaoCavesforever．Afterover30yearsofexploration,theDunhuangAcademybuiltadigitaldatabasetoprotectculturalrelics(文物)there,allowingDunhuang’sarttoliveforeverandtostepoutofthecavestomeettheworld．“Inmywholelife,I’veonlydoneonething:protectandpromotetheworldculturalheritageoftheMogaoCaves,”shetoldPeople’sDaily．“MyheartbelongstoDunhuang．”

1．WhatcanwelearnaboutFanfromthearticle?A．ShebeganherworkattheMogaoCavesat23．B．Sheisawomanofgreatdetermination．C．Herhealthwasaffectedbyherhardwork．D．ShestudiedarchaeologyatNanjingUniversity．2．WhatwasFan’sfirstimpressionofDunhuang?A．Theenvironmentwasterrible．B．Itwasanamazingplace．C．Theworkingconditionswerebetterthanexpected．D．Shefeltadeepconnectiontothecaves．3．WhatpushedFantoestablishadigitaldatabasefortheMogaoCaves?A．HerdesiretopromoteChineseculture．B．Herinterestincomputertechnology．C．Theneedtodocumenttherestorationwork．D．Theincreasingthreattothephysicalcaves．4．WhatdoesFanthinkofherworkinDunhuang?A．Ithasbeenherlifelongcalling．B．Ithaswonherrecognition．C．Ithasinspiredmanyyoungpeople．D．Ithaspromotedculturalexchange．E阅读理解Doyouspeakadialect(方言)indailylife?WhilemanyChinesepeoplespeakMandarin(普通话),somelocaldialectsareindangerofdisappearing．Tosavethem,theChinesegovernmentstartedtheChineseLanguageResourcesProtectionProject(中国语言资源保护工程)afewyearsago．Thisprojectlooksathowpeopletalkin1,712places．Theirlanguagesinclude103dialectsthatarealmostgone．IthashelpedChinatobuildthelargestlanguageresourcelibraryintheworld．There’sanonlinelibrarywherepeoplecanlearndialectsfromover5．6millionaudioclips(音频)andover5millionvideos．Whyisitimportanttoprotectthedialectculture?

AccordingtoBritishlinguistHaroldPalmer,dialectsareakeytostorelocalcultures．Languagefaithfullyshowsthehistory,thebeliefsandthebiasesofanarea,hesaid．ScholarZhangHongmingtalkedabouthisconcerns(担忧)ofthedisappearingofdialects．“Foraboutover10years,intheWudialectareassuchasShanghaiandSuzhou,childrenaged6to15canunderstandbuthardlyspeakthedialect．Meanwhile,youngpeopleabove15yearsoldsometimesspeakit,butnotverywell．Ifthiskeepshappening,thedialectmightdisappear,”hesaid．SohowdidChinamakethisbiglibrary?Abignationalefforthasbeenputintotheprojecttomakeithappen,saidCaoZhiyun,chiefexpertontheproject．Overfiveyears,morethan350universitiesandresearchgroupsjoinedin,alongwithover4,500expertsandmorethan6,000dialectspeakers．Theprojectisnowenteringintoitssecondpart．Thisincludescreatingdigitaltoolslikeappsandmobiledictionariestohelppeoplelearndialects．1．WhatisthepurposeoftheChineseLanguageResourcesProtectionProject?A．TopromoteMandarinastheprimarylanguageinChina．B．Topreserveandprotectlocaldialectsthatareatriskofdisappearing．C．TocreateadigitallibraryforChineseliterature．D．ToencouragelanguagediversityinChina．2．Howmanydialectsareincludedinthelanguageresourcelibrary?A．1,103B．103C．1,712D．5．6million3．AccordingtoHaroldPalmer,whyisitimportanttoprotectdialects?A．Dialectsareanimportantpartofculturalheritage．B．Dialectshelpimprovecommunicationbetweendifferentregions．C．DialectsareeasiertolearnthanMandarin．D．Dialectsareonlyspokenbyoldergenerations．4．HowdidChinacreatethelanguageresourcelibrary?A．Byinvitingforeignlinguiststostudylocaldialects．B．Byestablishinganationallanguageacademy．C．Bycollaboratingwithuniversities,researchgroups,experts,anddialectspeakers．D．Bycollectingancientlanguagemanuscripts．F阅读回答问题OnSept17,theCulturalLandscapeofOldTeaForestsofJingmaiMountaininPu’er(普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观),Yunnan,wasaddedtothelistofWorldHeritagesitesofUNESCO．It’sChina’s57thsiteandtheworld’sfirstWorldHeritagesiteforteaculture．AccordingtoChinaDaily,thenewlynamedheritagesitehasfivelargeandwell-looked-afteroldteaforests,threeprotectivebarrierforests(分隔防护林)andnineancientvillagesintheoldteaforests．TheculturallandscapewascreatedbyboththeancestorsoftheBlangpeopleandthelocalDaipeople．TheBlangpeoplemovedtoJingmaiMountainaroundthe10thcenturyandlaterdiscoveredandgrewteatreesthere．Withlong-timepractices,localpeopledevelopedtheunderstorygrowingtechnique(“林下茶”种植技术)．Thatmeansdifferenttreesaregrownondifferentlandsaccordingtotheirhabits．Atthesametime,theyalsohelpeachother．Forexample,smallertreesgrowunderlargertreestoavoidtoomuchsunshineandgetsuitablemoisture(适宜的湿度)．Tokeeptheirtealeaveshealthy,thelocalsrefusetousepesticides(杀虫剂)andchemicalfertilizers(化学肥料)．“Birdseatinsectstoprotecttheteaandfallenleavesfromtallertreesprovidefertilizer,”NanKang,a61-year-oldBlangman,toldChinaDaily．

AstheGlobalTimesnoted,theculturallandscapeshows“harmony(和谐)betweenmanandnature”．Answerthequestions:1．What’sthenameofthenewlynamedheritagesite?2．Whatistheheritagesitemadeupof?(in15words)3．Whocreatedthesite?4．Whatdoestheunderstorygrowingtechniquemean?5．Whatideadoestheheritagesiteshow?语法填空观书有感(宋·朱熹)半亩方塘一鉴开，天光云影共徘徊。问渠那得清如许？为有源头活水来。TheBook(ByZhuXi)Thereliesaglassyoblongpool,Wherelightandshadepursuetheircourse．Howcanitbesoclearandcool?Forwatercomesfreshfromthesource．(TranslatedbyXuYuanchong)Readingcanbehelpfulindifferentways．SongDynastypoetZhuXi(1130-1200)usesthemetaphor(比喻)offlowingwater(流水)inthepoemTheBook．Hewants_____1____(tell)readersthatreadingisimportant,inordertoimproveoneself．Onlyby____2_____(read),canpeopletakeinnewknowledgeinordertomakeprogress．Sohehopespeoplecouldgetpastbeinglazywhilereadinginordertomaketheirmindsas_____3____(clear)asapoolofwater．Thepoembeginswithapictureof______4____squarepond,halfanacreinsize．Thepoetgoesintodescriptivedetailabouthowthepondreflectstheskyandtheclouds,creatinga____5_____(peace)andquietenvironment．Thetranquilpoolofwaterservesasamirror,reflectingtheworldaroundit．Thequestioncomesup,“howcanitbesopureandclear?”Theanswerhiddeninthispoem___6______(lie)inthelastline．Thepond’sclarity（清澈）andfreshnessareduetothesourceoflivewater（活水）_____7____runsintoit．The“livewater”andthepoolisasmartmetaphorwhich_____8____(used)byZhuXitoexplainthe_____9________(important)oforiginalandauthenticknowledgeforclarityofmind．Thepoolsymbolizesthemindofareader,whilethelivewaterrepresentsthecontinualinflux（涌入）ofknowledge．Thepoemconcludeswiththemessagethataslongasonecontinuouslyseeksout（寻求）freshandoriginalknowledge,____10______(they)mind,likethepond,canremainclearanduntainted．That’sthepoet'sattitudetowardslifeandlearning．Learningisaboutconstantlyabsorbingnewthingstomaintaintheirprogressandvitality（活力）．That’sthewisdomZhuXishareswithusin“Book”

参考答案A阅读理解【答案】BDBDA【解析】杭州亚洲运动会是一次非常成功的运动会，中国以其丰富的历史文化、创新和活力成功地举办了这次盛会。杭州亚洲运动会吸引了来自45个国家和地区的约12,000名运动员参赛，中国队在奖牌榜上以201枚金牌排名第一。闭幕式上，杭州奥体中心体育场变成了一个充满增强现实视觉效果的大花园。据组织委员会的执行秘书长陈伟强表示，杭州亚洲运动会是历史上最成功的一届亚洲运动会，将为杭州未来的体育发展奠定基础。1．细节理解题。文章陈述。Thearticlestatesthataround12,000athletesfrom45countriesandregionsparticipatedintheGames．故答案选B2．细节理解题。这段文字表明，由于场地限制，一些观众在场外的大屏幕上为运动员加油，给魏纪忠留下了深刻印象。故答案选D3．细节理解题。从文章信息中可知中国获得奖牌是383块。201golds,111silversand71bronzes。故答案选B4．推理判断题。文章中提到，组委会执行秘书长陈伟强表示，杭州亚运会是杭州“腾飞”的重要机遇，现有场馆将举办其他大型国际赛事和奥运会。这意味着杭州亚运会将对该市未来的体育赛事产生重大影响。其他选择要么直接陈述，要么可以从文章中的信息中可知。故答案D5．本文的主旨是强调中国成功举办了第19届亚运会。文章开头提到了亚运会结束的日期和参与者的数量，然后列举了中国第三次承办亚洲体育赛事，并介绍了亚运会的体育项目和奖牌情况。最后，文章引用了组织委员会的秘书长和亚洲奥委会的荣誉副主席对亚运会成功的评价。因此，选项A正确，是文章的主旨。其他选项B、C、D虽然都提到了一些相关信息，但不是文章的主旨。B阅读理解【答案】CACCD【解析】文章的主旨大意是关于量子点的发现和开发以及它们在不同领域的应用。三位科学家的研究为化学领域打开了全新的世界，量子点在医院、家庭和实验室等方面有着广泛的应用，如生物成像、追踪药物释放、电视和计算机显示屏等。科学家们相信，量子点还有很大的潜力，在制造微型传感器、更薄的太阳能电池以及加密的量子通信方面发挥作用。尽管我们对量子点的认识仍处于早期阶段，但它们已经在许多方面造福了人类。1．C根据第一段的However,ifaredroseshrinks(缩小)totheworldofnanometers(纳米),chancesareyoumightseeitinorange,yellow,or