重庆市南开中学2023-2024学年高三上学期1月第五次质量检测英语试题-1

重庆市南开中学20232024学年高三1月第五次质量检测英语试题注意事项:1.本试卷由四个部分组成。其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。共150分,共12页。2.全部答案在答题卡上相应区域内完成,在本试卷上作答无效。选择题请使用2B铅笔填涂,非选择题请使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答。要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。3.请在答题卡规定的地方填写好个人信息,并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码是否与本人的信息一致。4.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节;满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并析在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Fromwhichplatformshouldthewomangetonthetrain?A.Platform5.B.Platform10.C.Platform12.2.Whattimeisitnow?A.4:40p.m.B.4:45p.m.C.4:50p.m.3.Howcanwedescribetheman?A.Worried.B.Impatient.C.Cautious.4.Whatistheproblemwiththeshoesaccordingtothewoman?A.Theyareold.B.Theyarepoorlymade.C.Theyareunfortable.5.Howmanypeoplewillgotothemovies?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。6.Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutthekids?A.Theyarelucky.B.Theyaregentle.C.Theyarefriendly.7.Whoprobablyisthewoman?A.Aparent.B.Aheadmaster.C.Astudent.听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。8.Wherewillthespeakersprobablygofirst?A.Thebeach.B.Thebotanicalgardens.C.Theoldneighborhoods.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Touristandguide.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?AImprovingjobskills.B.Takingschoolclasses.C.Planningavacation.11.WhatattractsthemantoworkinChinamost?A.Moremoney.B.Abetterjobposition.C.Newexperiences.12.Howwillthespeakerspracticetheirlanguageskillsinthefuture?A.BymunicatingwithfriendsinChinese.B.Bywatchingmoreforeignmovies.C.Bytakinglanguageclasses.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atachocolatestore.B.Ataflowershop.C.Atadeliverystation.14.Whatisthefavoritecolorofthewoman’ssister?A.Pink.B.Red.C.Yellow.15.Whichpricewouldsuitthewomanmost?A.£10.B.£25.C.£40.16.Howwillthewoman’ssistergethergifts?A.Shewillcollectthemherself.B.Thewomanwilltakethemtoher.C.Themanwillhelpdeliverthem.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Whatisunknowntothespeakeraboutthetree?A.Itsposition.B.Itsheight.C.Itsage.18.Howtallonaveragearethetreesofthistype?A.800feet.B.400feet.C.350feet.19.Howdoscientistsprotectthetree?A.Byprotectingitstop.B.Byraisinglocalbirds.C.Byhidingitslocation.20.Whichcausedthedamageofanotherfamoustree?A.Thevisitofthetourists.B.Thetouchfromthescientists.C.Theconcentrationofthebirds.第二部分阅读理解(共两节;满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。AUnforgettableshowsASpectacularLineupforAllEntertainmentEnthusiasts!ShowTimePriceDiscount&SpecialrequirementsIntroductionDazzlingDelightsEveryFriday&Saturday7:00PMGeneralAdmission$30VIPsection$50,10%offforgroupsofmorethan10peoplePreparetobesweptoffyourfeetbythestunningcostumesandflawlessperformanceofDanceFushionGroup.Talenteddancerswilltakeyouonajourneyofeleganceandgrace,leavingyouinawe.PiecesfromclassicslikeSwan.Lake,TheNutcrackerwillensureafeastfortheeyeswhilemoderninnovativedancesgiveaudienceafreshideaofdancing.edyCarnivalEveryTuesday&Thursday8:00PMGeneralAdmission$25,VIPsection$40OnlinebookingonlyGetreadyforaneveningwithlaughterasLaughOutLoudProductionsbringsyoufunnysketchesandwittyjokes.Raiseyourhand,stepontothestageandinteractwiththeactors.MusicalMagicEverySaturday6:00PMGeneralAdmission$35,VIPsection$60Kidsunder8notallowedImmerseyourselfinclassicalmasterpieces,contemporaryhits,andoriginalpieces.ThemagicalatmospherecreatedbyMelodyMakerswillleaveyouhummingfordays.MysteriousIllusionsEveryTuesdaythroughSunday7:30PMGeneralAdmission$40,VIPsection$70Admission)Familyticket:$100(2adults+1kidforGeneralEnigmaEntertainmentwillhaveyourmindblownonthejourneythroughtheworldofillusions.Witnessmindbendingtricksandmindbogglingactsthatwillleaveyouquestioningrealityandlongingformore.Don’tmissoutonextraordinaryshows.Visitourwebsiteorcallourtickethotlinetoreserveyourticketstoday.1.Onwhichdaydoyouhavethemostchoices?A.Tuesday. B.Friday. C.Saturday. D.Sunday.2.What’sthelowestcostfor2parentsand2kidstoattendMysteriousIllusions?A.$100. B.$140. C.$160. D.$170.3.Whichshowinvolvesaudience’sparticipation?A.DazzlingDelights. B.edyCarnival. C.MusicalMagic. D.MysteriousIllusions.【答案】1.C2.B3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个表演以及收费等情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一部分“EveryFriday&Saturday7:00PM(每周五及周六晚上7时)”；第三部分“EverySaturday6:00PM(每周六下午6点)”以及第四部分“EveryTuesdaythroughSunday7:30PM(每周二至周日晚上7:30)”可知，星期六有最多的选择。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据MysteriousIllusions部分中“GeneralAdmission$40,VIPsection$70Admission)（普通门票$40，VIP区门票$70）)”以及“Familyticket:$100(2adults+1kidforGeneral(家庭票：100美元（2名成人+1名儿童）)”可知，2位家长和2个孩子参加“神秘幻术”的最低费用是100+40=140美元。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据edyCarnival部分中“Raiseyourhand,stepontothestageandinteractwiththeactors.(举起你的手，走上舞台，与演员互动)”可知，edyCarnival需要观众参与。故选B。BConventionallybutterflieswereregardednotasfascinatingsubjectsforcloseobservationbutassymbolsofshallowness.ButEleanorGranvilletreatedthemwithscientificseriousness.Inherthirties,thoughsufferingfromamarriagewherethehusbandwasviolentandeventurnedherfamilyagainsther,Granvillesoughtfortbystudyingmothsandbutterflies.Shetravelledaroundthecountrysidewithlocalgirls,beatingbushestocatchfallinglarvae(幼虫),andrecruitedherservantsasassistantstocollectspecimens(样本).Becauseofunusualgenerosityinpayingforafinespecimen,shesoonaccumulatedasubstantialcollectionofbutterflies.Afterbringinglarvaehome,shemeticulouslyloggedtheirgrowth,providingsomeoftheearliestdetailedaccountsofinsectlifecycles.However,wanderingthecountrysidewithacollectingnetwasconsideredweirdbehaviorforanyonebackthen,letaloneawoman,andshewasaccusedofgoingoutdressedlikea“gypsy”.Besidesherownextensiveresearch,Granvilleexchangedlettersandbutterflieswithothercollectors.AnotherenthusiastWilliamVernonreportedthatshehadowned“thenoblestcollectionsofbutterflies,allEnglish,whichhasshamedus”.Shesent100examplestotheRoyalSocietyandalsosentJamesPetiver,England’smostcelebratedbutterflyexpert,boxesofcarefullypinnedbutterflies,includingseveralthathadbeenpreviouslyunknown,andnotablytheonelaternamedtheGranvillefritillarywhosewingscarrystrikingbrownandyellowpatterns,aspeciesofspecialconcernduetothedeclineofthetotalnumberundertheinfluenceoffoodlossandhotterweather.EleanorGranvilleremainstheonlyBritishnaturalisttohavelefttheirnametoanativebutterflyspecies.Apioneerinthestudyofentomology(昆虫学),Cranvillehelpedmakeitanacademicsubject.Regretfully,onlytwomothsandabutterflyofGranville’spreciousspecimensarestillpreservedinLondon’sNaturalHistoryMuseum.Hernamelivesonthebutterfliessheloved.4.WhatdoweknowaboutGranville?A.Shepaidgenerouslyforeveryspecimen.B.Shewasaccusedofdesertingherfamily.C.Studyingbutterfliesprovidedanescapefromherlife.D.Workingwithlocalgirlsearnedheragoodreputation.5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.JamesPetivergreatlyinfluencedGranville. B.Granville’seffortsshamedtheRoyalSociety.C.TheGranvillefritillaryisanendangeredspecies. D.Granville’sworkwasacademicallyrecognized.6.HowdidGranvillecontributetothefieldofentomology?A.Bynamingbutterfliesandmoths. B.Bystudyingrarebutterflyspecimens.C.Byofferinguphercollectionsforresearch. D.Byintroducingentomologyintouniversities.7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ABattleAgainstSocialConventions B.AWomanWhoCollectedButterfliesC.AnAdventurerTrappedinaWoman D.AnUndertakingThatChangedHistory【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了EleanorGranville喜爱研究蝴蝶，收集了很多蝴蝶标本。文章介绍了她对昆虫学的贡献。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Inherthirties,thoughsufferingfromamarriagewherethehusbandwasviolentandeventurnedherfamilyagainsther,Granvillesoughtfortbystudyingmothsandbutterflies.(三十多岁的格兰维尔虽然经历了丈夫的暴力，甚至让家人反对她，但她还是通过研究飞蛾和蝴蝶来寻求安慰)”可知，研究蝴蝶让格兰维尔逃离了生活。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“AnotherenthusiastWilliamVernonreportedthatshehadowned“thenoblestcollectionsofbutterflies,allEnglish,whichhasshamedus”.Shesent100examplestotheRoyalSocietyandalsosentJamesPetiver,England’smostcelebratedbutterflyexpert,boxesofcarefullypinnedbutterflies,includingseveralthathadbeenpreviouslyunknown,andnotablytheonelaternamedtheGranvillefritillarywhosewingscarrystrikingbrownandyellowpatterns,aspeciesofspecialconcernduetothedeclineofthetotalnumberundertheinfluenceoffoodlossandhotterweather.(另一位蝴蝶爱好者WilliamVernon报告说，她拥有“最高贵的蝴蝶收藏，全都是英国人，这让我们感到羞耻”。她给皇家学会寄去了100只样本，还给英国最著名的蝴蝶专家JamesPetiver寄去了一箱精心钉住的蝴蝶，其中包括一些以前不为人知的蝴蝶，尤其是后来被命名为Granville的蝴蝶，它的翅膀上有引人注目的棕色和黄色图案，由于食物损失和天气变热，总数下降，这是一个特别值得关注的物种)”可知，格兰维尔拥有最高贵的蝴蝶收藏，有些蝴蝶被命名为Granville的蝴蝶，她的工作在学术上得到了认可。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Apioneerinthestudyofentomology(昆虫学),Cranvillehelpedmakeitanacademicsubject.Regretfully,onlytwomothsandabutterflyofGranville’spreciousspecimensarestillpreservedinLondon’sNaturalHistoryMuseum.(作为昆虫学研究的先驱，克兰维尔帮助昆虫学成为一门学术学科。遗憾的是，格兰维尔的珍贵标本中只有两个蛾子和一只蝴蝶还保存在伦敦自然历史博物馆)”可知，格兰维尔把她的收藏品提供给研究。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Conventionallybutterflieswereregardednotasfascinatingsubjectsforcloseobservationbutassymbolsofshallowness.ButEleanorGranvilletreatedthemwithscientificseriousness.(传统上，人们认为蝴蝶不是值得近距离观察的迷人对象，而是肤浅的象征。但埃莉诺·格兰维尔用科学的严肃态度对待它们)”结合文章主要介绍了EleanorGranville喜爱研究蝴蝶，收集了很多蝴蝶标本。文章介绍了她对昆虫学的贡献。可知，B选项“收集蝴蝶的女人”最符合文章标题。故选B。CTheworldfeelslikeit’sbeingsetalight.WildfiresinCanadaandEurope,floodsinChina,andaneverendingstreamofrecordbreakingheatwaveshaveconstantlydominatednewspaperheadlines.Thefeelingthattimeisquicklyrunningoutisveryreal.Butthatfeelingisabarriertoaction—nothinghaschangedwhenwe’vecalledforactionbefore,soconsideringtheseeminglylimitedtimewindow.Ourpasteffortstellusthereisachance.Theworldhassolvedlargeenvironmentalproblemsthatseemedimpossibletoovereatthetime.Aneyeopeningexampleisacidrain.Studyinghowtheworlddealtwiththisgeopoliticallydivisiveproblemcangiveussomeinspirationonhowwecanaddressclimatechangetoday.Ithasmostlyslippedfromthepublicconversation,butacidrainwastheleadingenvironmentalproblemofthe1990s.Causedbysulfurdioxide(二氧化硫),itdissolvedoldsculptures,strippedforestsoftheirleaves,andpollutedriversandlakes.EmissionsfromtheUKwouldblowovertoSwedenandNorway;emissionsfromtheUSwouldblowovertoCanada.Thisisaclassicgametheoryproblem;outesdon’tonlydependontheactionsofonecountrybutthoseoftheotherstoo.Eventually,governmentofficialshadtosigninternationalagreements,placeemissionslimitsonpowerplantsandstarttoreducecoalburning.Interventionswereincrediblyeffective.InEurope,sulfurdioxideemissionsfellby84percentandintheUSby90percent.Surelyclimatechangeisnottheperfectparallelfortheenvironmentalproblemswe’vesolvedbefore.Itwillbeharder.Itwillinvolveeverycountry,richandpoor.Butchangeishappening.Toaccelerateaction,weneedtohavetheexpectationthatthingscanmovefaster.Pastlessonstellusthattheseexpectationsarenotunrealistic.8.Howdoesthesenseofurgencyaffectattitudestoclimatechange?A.Itdiscouragesteamwork.B.Itfuelsdoubtsaboutefforts.C.Itarousesfearfordisasters.D.Itweakenstrustinnewspapers.9.Whydoestheauthordiscussacidrain?A.Toanalyzethecausesofpresentchallenges.B.Toboostpublicconfidenceinthegovernment.C.Tohighlightacidrain’senvironmentaldamage.D.Toofferinsightsintohandlingclimatechange.10.Whatwasthemainchallengeinaddressingacidrain?A.Theseriousnessofthepollution.B.Unequalsharesofresponsibility.C.Seekinginternationalcooperation.D.Reducingsulfurdioxideemissions.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetocurrentclimatechangemeasures?A.Unsatisfied.B.Dismissive.C.Optimistic.D.Approving.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者表明对当前气候变化的措施不满，并希望加快行动，有所改变。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thefeelingthattimeisquicklyrunningoutisveryreal.Butthatfeelingisabarriertoaction—nothinghaschangedwhenwe’vecalledforactionbefore,soconsideringtheseeminglylimitedtimewindow.(时间飞逝的感觉是非常真实的。但这种感觉是行动的障碍——当我们之前呼吁采取行动时，一切都没有改变，所以考虑到看似有限的时间窗口)”可知，紧迫感引发了对人们努力应对气候变化的怀疑。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Aneyeopeningexampleisacidrain.Studyinghowtheworlddealtwiththisgeopoliticallydivisiveproblemcangiveussomeinspirationonhowwecanaddressclimatechangetoday.(酸雨就是一个令人大开眼界的例子。研究世界是如何处理这个地缘政治分裂问题的，可以给我们一些启示，告诉我们今天如何应对气候变化)”可推知，作者讨论酸雨是为了提供应对气候变化的见解。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thisisaclassicgametheoryproblem;outesdon’tonlydependontheactionsofonecountrybutthoseoftheotherstoo.Eventually,governmentofficialshadtosigninternationalagreements,placeemissionslimitsonpowerplantsandstarttoreducecoalburning.(这是一个经典的博弈论问题；结果不仅取决于一个国家的行动，也取决于其他国家的行动。最终，政府官员不得不签署国际协议，对发电厂设定排放限制，并开始减少燃煤)”可知，解决酸雨的主要挑战是寻求国际合作。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Theworldfeelslikeit’sbeingsetalight.WildfiresinCanadaandEurope,floodsinChina,andaneverendingstreamofrecordbreakingheatwaveshaveconstantlydominatednewspaperheadlines.Thefeelingthattimeisquicklyrunningoutisveryreal.Butthatfeelingisabarriertoaction—nothinghaschangedwhenwe’vecalledforactionbefore,soconsideringtheseeminglylimitedtimewindow.(整个世界都像是被点燃了。加拿大和欧洲的野火，中国的洪水，以及永无止境的破纪录的热浪不断占据报纸的头条。时间飞逝的感觉是非常真实的。但这种感觉是行动的障碍——当我们之前呼吁采取行动时，一切都没有改变，所以考虑到看似有限的时间窗口)”可推知，作者对当前气候变化措施是不满意的。故选A项。DInJuly1915,severelytorturedbyhispoorhealth,JamesMurray,oneoftheearlyeditorsoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED),definedonefinalword.Afterhis36years’dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabourhadtakenatoll,knowinghewouldnotseetheprojectplete.ThepoeticqualityofMurray’sfinaldaysisoneofthemanymemorabletalesinTheDictionaryPeople.Beginningin1857,theOEDwasahugecrowdsourcingproject“theWikipediaofthe19thcentury”prising3,000people.Theideawastocreatea“descriptive”dictionarythattrackedwords’useandmeaningovertime,unlikeits“prescriptive”18thcenturypredecessorbySamuelJohnson,whichtoldreadershowtosayandusewords.Volunteersreadwidely,mailinginexamplesofhow“rare,oldfashioned,new,strange”wordswereused.Whatissurprisingaboutthisfairlyrandommethodisthatitworked.TheoriginstoryofSarahOgilvie’sbookisalmostasimprobableasthatofthedictionaryitself.MsOgilvie,aformerscholarwhoservedasaneditorfortheOED,wentintothedocumentsofOxfordUniversityPressandcameacrossanoldnotebook.IthadbelongedtoMurrayandcontainedthenamesanddetailsofthedictionaryvolunteers,mostofwhomhadpreviouslybeenunknown.TheDictionaryPeopleisherworkofdetectivescholarship,bringingthelivesbehindthenamestoreaders.MsOgilvie’sbookisfullofintriguingstories.Thepresentationofthebookisunconventional,too,takingitsstructurefromtheworkitdescribes.Thereare26alphabeticalchapters,eachcelebratingagroupofcontributors(memorably,“K”isfor“kleptomaniac”peoplewhodesiretosteal).Thisisacleverarrangement,thoughitsometimesmeansthatbroaderissuesemergeonlyinpieces.Essentially,thisisastoryaboutordinarypeople.Itisconcreteproofofthosewho,tocitedictionaryhelperGeorgeEliot,“livedfaithfullyahiddenlife,andrestinunvisitedtombs”.12Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“takenatoll”inparagraph1mean?A.Paidoff.B.Provedinvain.C.Wornoutthepassion.D.Hadaharmfuleffect.13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheOxfordEnglishDictionary?A.Itservesasanexampleofdictionaryediting.B.Itprovidesprecisedirectionsforwordusage.C.Itisacooperativeworkofmanyvolunteers.D.ItwaseditedwiththehelpofSamuelJohnson.14.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThestorybehindSarahOgilvie’sbook.B.ThedetectivemethodsofSarahOgilvie.C.LegendsoftheearlyOEDeditors.D.Murray’sroleineditingtheOED.15.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Areviewofabook.B.Abiographyofaneditor.C.Anessayondictionaryediting.D.Anintroductiontoadictionary.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对Ogilvie女士的书的评论及介绍了第一部牛津字典的形成及背后的人对它的重大贡献。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Afterhis36years’dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabourhad...”(在他36年致力于编纂词典之后，他的辛勤劳动......。)及最后一句“knowinghewouldnotseetheprojectplete.”(因为他不会看到项目完成。)可知，因为他不会看到项目完成，所以在他36年致力于编纂词典之后，他的辛勤劳动没有产生明显的效果。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Beginningin1857,theOEDwasahugecrowdsourcingproject“theWikipediaofthe19thcentury”prising3,000people.”（从1857年开始，牛津英语词典是一个庞大的众包项目—“19世纪的维基百科”—由3000人组成。）及第二段倒数第二句“Volunteersreadwidely,mailinginexamplesofhow“rare,oldfashioned,new,strange”wordswereused.”（志愿者们广泛阅读，邮寄“稀有、老式、新、奇怪”单词的使用示例。）可知，这是许多志愿者的合作工作。故选C项。【14题详解】段落大意题。根据第三段“MsOgilvie,aformerscholarwhoservedasaneditorfortheOED,wentintothedocumentsofOxfordUniversityPressandcameacrossanoldnotebook.IthadbelongedtoMurrayandcontainedthenamesanddetailsofthedictionaryvolunteers,mostofwhomhadpreviouslybeenunknown.TheDictionaryPeopleisherworkofdetectivescholarship,bringingthelivesbehindthenamestoreaders.”（曾担任《牛津英语词典》编辑的学者Ogilvie女士查阅了牛津大学出版社的文件，发现了一本旧笔记本。它属于默里，包含了词典志愿者的姓名和详细信息，其中大多数人以前都不知道。《人物词典》是她的侦探学术作品，将名字背后的生活带给读者。）可知，这段讲的是SarahOgilvie的书背后的故事。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Essentially,thisisastoryaboutordinarypeople.Itisconcreteproofofthosewho,tocitedictionaryhelperGeorgeEliot,“livedfaithfullyahiddenlife,andrestinunvisitedtombs”.(本质上，这是一个关于普通人的故事。用词典助手乔治·艾略特的话来说，这是这些人“忠实地过着隐秘的生活，安息在无人问津的坟墓里”的具体证据。)”结合文章讲述了对Ogilvie女士的书的评论及介绍了第一部牛津字典的形成及背后的人对它的重大贡献。可知，这篇文章可能选自书评。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。“Tidyingcantransformyourlife.ThisistheattractivepromisefromJapanesedecluttering(清理)expertMarieKondo.Around11millionpeoplehaveboughtherbookTheLifeChangingMagicofTidyingUp,hopingtoachieveherminimalistichappiness.Kondo’smethodisstraightforwardTidyyourhomebycategoryinsteadofbyroom,pulleverythingoutbeforesortingitout,andkeeponlythingsthatareusefulor“sparkjoy”.___16___Clothes,kitchentools,paperwork,evenbooksshouldbecarefullyexamined,assessedandthrownaway.ScientificresearchsuggestsKondoisontosomething.___17___Forexample,researchersattheUniversityofNavarrafoundvolunteersmadelessmistakesinputtingdatainaneatenvironmentthaninamessyone.Ontheotherhand,otherstudiesshowclutter(杂乱)canreduceourabilitytofocusonatask,whichmayexplainwhysomepeoplejustcannotstandworkingatamessydesk.___18___Itcanevenmakeusmorelikelytoreachforjunkfood.Butformostofus,pilesofcluttermaynotseemlikeabigdeal.___19___Andformanypeople,someobjectsaretiedtoemotionallysignificantmemoriesandrepresentapieceofouridentity,whichisdifficulttothrowaway.Scientistsbelievethatthereisarealvalueinclutterandnostalgia(怀旧),especiallyifweareunluckyenoughtodevelopAlzheimer’sinlaterlife.___20___However,thosethatevokehappymemoriesarepriceless,especiallytopeoplewithmemoryproblems.AsAlbertEinsteintheownerofanextremelymessydeskisoftenquotedassaying:“Ifacluttereddeskisasignofaclutteredmind,ofwhat,then,isanemptydeskasign?”A.Butcanwereallybebetteroffwithlessstuff?B.Thewordclutterimpliesitdoesn’thavevalue.C.Tidyenvironmentshelpusthinkmoreclearly.D.Livinginatidyspacecangreatlyincreasehappiness.EMessinesscanalsomakeitharderforustofallasleep.F.Allthatstuffjusthelpsturnthebuildingsweliveinintohomes.G.Nothingissafefromhermissiontoreducethestuffinourlives.【答案】16.G17.C18.E19.F20.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了整洁的重要性以及方式，同时说明了杂乱的负面影响。【16题详解】根据上文“Kondo’smethodisstraightforwardTidyyourhomebycategoryinsteadofbyroom,pulleverythingoutbeforesortingitout,andkeeponlythingsthatareusefulor“sparkjoy”.(Kondo的方法很简单——按类别而不是房间来整理你的家，在整理之前把所有东西都拿出来，只留下有用的或“能带来快乐”的东西)”可知，上文提到了Kondo的方法，故本句承接上文，对她的方法进行说明，G选项中her指代Kondo。故G选项“她的使命是减少我们生活中的物质，没有什么是安全的”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“ScientificresearchsuggestsKondoisontosomething.(科学研究表明，近藤说对了)”以及后文“Forexample,researchersattheUniversityofNavarrafoundvolunteersmadelessmistakesinputtingdatainaneatenvironmentthaninamessyone.(例如，纳瓦拉大学的研究人员发现，志愿者在整洁的环境中输入数据的错误要比在凌乱的环境中少)”可知，后文的例子表明整洁的环境有助于我们思考和工作。故C选项“整洁的环境有助于我们更清晰地思考”符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据上文“Ontheotherhand,otherstudiesshowclutter(杂乱)canreduceourabilitytofocusonatask,whichmayexplainwhysomepeoplejustcannotstandworkingatamessydesk.(另一方面，其他研究表明，杂乱会降低我们专注于任务的能力，这也许可以解释为什么有些人无法忍受在凌乱的办公桌前工作)”以及后文“Itcanevenmakeusmorelikelytoreachforjunkfood.(它甚至会让我们更有可能去吃垃圾食品)”可知，本句与后文并列，都是在说明混乱会带来负面影响。故E选项“混乱也会让我们更难入睡”符合语境，故选E。【19题详解】根据上文“Butformostofus,pilesofcluttermaynotseemlikeabigdeal.(但对我们大多数人来说，成堆的杂物似乎没什么大不了的)”以及后文“Andformanypeople,someobjectsaretiedtoemotionallysignificantmemoriesandrepresentapieceofouridentity,whichisdifficulttothrowaway.(对许多人来说，有些物品与情感上重要的记忆联系在一起，代表着我们身份的一部分，很难扔掉)”可知，后文列举了一些物品与重要记忆有关联，可知本句是在说明杂物对我们生活的影响。故F选项“所有这些东西都有助于把我们居住的建筑变成家”符合语境，故选F。【20题详解】上文“Scientistsbelievethatthereisarealvalueinclutterandnostalgia(怀旧),especiallyifweareunluckyenoughtodevelopAlzheimer’sinlaterlife.(科学家们认为，凌乱和怀旧有其真正的价值，特别是如果我们不幸在晚年患上阿尔茨海默氏症)”以及后文“However,thosethatevokehappymemoriesarepriceless,especiallytopeoplewithmemoryproblems.(然而，那些唤起快乐回忆的东西是无价的，尤其是对有记忆问题的人来说)”可知，本句与后文构成转折关系，后文提到那些唤起快乐回忆的东西是无价的，可知本句是在说明没有价值。故B选项“杂乱这个词意味着它没有价值”符合语境，故选B。第三部分语言运用(共两节;满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Skydivinghasalwaysheldafascinationforme.Despitethefear,thereissomethingthat___21___metoit.Itisanadventure,makingmefeel___22___butthrilled,withtheworldopeningupbeforemeinmereseconds.November24,2021,adayperfectformysoloskydiving—sunny,withlittlewind.Aftergoingthroughsafetyruleswithmycoach,I___23___withfaith.AsIflewthroughtheair,theadrenaline(肾上腺素)ranthroughmyveins.However,after30seconds,IrealizedIwaslowerthananticipated.Urgently,withoutstabilizingmybodyposition,I___24___topullmyparachute,onlytohaveitwraparoundmyleg.Itriedtountiethelines,butmyeffortswere___25___.Withthegroundgettingcloser,Ipreparedto___26___.Asanoptimist,Ididn’tthinkitwouldbedestructive.___27___,theautomaticreserve(备用)parachuteopened.Igainedsomecontrol,directingmyselftowardgrass,whichIhopedwould___28___asofterlanding.The___29___turnedoutfarfromgentle.Ilayin____30____pain,screamingforhelp.Theskydivingclubmembersarrivedquicklybuttheydidn’tdaredoanythingduetotheriskof____31____myinjuries.Soon,theairambulancecrewcamewith____32____,offeringtemporaryrelief.Severeinjuriescast____33____onmyfuture.NoonecouldguaranteeifIwouldwalkagain.Stickingtomydetermination,remarkably,Itookmyfirststepsinthreemonths.Myenthusiasmforskydiving____34____afterthathorrifyingexperience.AsIembarkonanotherjourneylateron,Iwillcarrywithmetheundefeated____35____thatpushedmetochallengemylimits.21.A.draws B.forces C.drags D.exposes22.A.embarrassed B.terrified C.satisfied D.superior23.A.stormed B.roared C.marched D.leaped24.A.rushed B.failed C.ceased D.tended25.A.helpful B.fruitless C.risky D.tireless26.A.slide B.rise C.die D.crash27.A.Tragically B.Thankfully C.Hopefully D.Regrettably28.A.makefor B.eacross C.resultfrom D.setup29.A.influence B.pressure C.impact D.bounce30.A.unnoticeable B.predictable C.unbearable D.tolerable31.A.worsening B.strengthening C.adding D.causing32.A.blankets B.stretchers C.painkillers D.wheelchairs33.A.suspicion B.light C.despair D.uncertainty34.A.disappears B.remains C.declines D.expands35.A.pursuit B.reality C.motto D.spirit【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.A25.B26.D27.B28.A29.C30.C31.A32.C33.D34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者喜欢跳伞，并在一次跳伞中受伤，受伤之后作者对跳伞的热情依旧，并带着永不言败的精神继续挑战自己的极限。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管有恐惧，但还是有一些东西吸引着我。A.draws画，吸引；B.forces迫使；C.drags拖；D.exposes暴露。根据前文“Skydivinghasalwaysheldafascinationforme.”可知，跳伞吸引着作者。故选A项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一次冒险，让我既害怕又兴奋，世界在几秒钟内展现在我面前。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.terrified害怕的；C.satisfied满意的；D.superior优越的。根据前文“Despitethefear”可知，跳伞让作者既害怕又兴奋。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在和教练讲完安全规则后，我满怀信心地跳了下去。A.stormed突袭；B.roared咆哮；C.marched进军；D.leaped跳跃。根据前文“Aftergoingthroughsafetyruleswithmycoach”和后文“AsIflewthroughtheair,theadrenaline(肾上腺素)ranthroughmyveins.”可知，在教练讲完安全规则后，作者满怀信心地跳了下去。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在没有稳定身体姿势的情况下，我急急地冲过去拉降落伞，结果降落伞缠在了我的腿上。A.rushed冲；B.failed失败；C.ceased停止；D.tended照顾。根据前文“IrealizedIwaslowerthananticipated.”可知，因为作者意识到自己比预期的要低，所以急急地冲过去拉降落伞。故选A项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我试着解开绳子，但我的努力是徒劳的。A.helpful有帮助的；B.fruitless无成果的；C.risky冒险的；D.tireless不知疲倦的。根据后文“The___9___turnedoutfarfromgentle.Ilayin___10___pain,screamingforhelp.”可知，作者的努力是徒劳的，结果造成不良后果。故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着地面越来越近，我就要坠落撞地啦。A.slide滑动；B.rise上升；C.die死亡；D.crash碰撞，坠落。根据语境和前文“Withthegroundgettingcloser”可知，地面越来越近，作者就要坠落撞地了。故选D项。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，自动备用降落伞打开了。A.Tragically悲惨地；B.Thankfully谢天谢地；C.Hopefully希望；D.Regrettably遗憾的是。根据后文“theautomaticreserve(备用)parachuteopened”可知，因为自动备用降落伞打开了，作者才不至于坠落撞地硬着陆，所以说，谢天谢地。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我稍稍能控制住了自己，让自己朝着草地冲去，我希望这样能使着陆更柔软。A.makefor走向，促成；B.eacross偶然遇到；C.resultfrom由于；D.setup建立。根据前文“Igainedsomecontrol,directingmyselftowardgrass”和后文“aso